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A Survey Of Definition And Its Role In Strengthening Design Theory, Robert Andruchow
A Survey Of Definition And Its Role In Strengthening Design Theory, Robert Andruchow
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper argues that an essential task for managing complexity in design is clarification of key terms within the field, and most importantly the term that defines the field itself: Design. This position rests on the argument that theory—a key tool for managing complexity in design—is weakened by ambiguous terminology, and crucially, ambiguity of the word design. Although it has been well documented that design is a highly ambiguous term and that this is problematic for the field as a whole, many designers are resigned to this fact since it is unclear how one can resolve differences of opinion about …
Émergences Du Design Et Complexité Sémantique Des Sextoys, Claire Azéma, Stéphanie Cardoso, Marc Monjou
Émergences Du Design Et Complexité Sémantique Des Sextoys, Claire Azéma, Stéphanie Cardoso, Marc Monjou
DRS Biennial Conference Series
L’exposition « Love design », en 2009, et notamment le 8ème ciel de Matali Crasset, manifeste l’intérêt du design pour l’érotisme et les sextoys. Nous traiterons ici des glissements sémantiques opérés ces dernières années dans le monde des objets à usage sexuel. Le phallus, devenu un artefact hypertechnologique ou bien un objet habillé d’une iconographie issue d’un bestiaire, évince le registre pornographique au profit d’une apparence ludique ou raffinée. Les sextoys mettent donc en lumière la complexité sémantique à l’œuvre dans la construction d’un nouveau champ de pratiques afin de faire accéder le produit à l’univers commun. A travers cet …
Complexity In Home Medical Equipment Design, Noemi Bitterman
Complexity In Home Medical Equipment Design, Noemi Bitterman
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Home medical devices are developing into a major industry worldwide that covers monitoring, diagnostic, disease prevention, treatment, alleviation of disease and rehabilitation equipment. Services are being moved out to the community and into the home; self management is replacing hospitalization and visits to the doctor’s clinic; and custom-tailored medicine is making inroads into normative treatment. These developments have great implications for the scope and design of home medical equipment. The paper will discuss the unique and complex nature of home medical devices, from a human–environment–machine perspective focusing on the changeable unpredictable nature of users, the unknown, amorphous home environment and …
Modélisation Sémiotique Et Systémique De L’Objet Design Comme Signe-Action Complexe, Sarah Belkhamsa, Bernard Darras
Modélisation Sémiotique Et Systémique De L’Objet Design Comme Signe-Action Complexe, Sarah Belkhamsa, Bernard Darras
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Les approches sémiotiques et systémiques du design produit sont à la fois peu nombreuses et peu coordonnées. C’est ce que fait apparaitre l’état de la recherche en ce domaine. Les quelques études sémiotiques disponibles ont par ailleurs tendance à isoler l’objet de ses usages, de ses utilisateurs et de la complexité du système d’objets qui constitue son environnement proche ou des modes et styles de vie qui constituent ses univers. En conséquence, l’objet analysé est le plus souvent réduit à une image figée de lui-même. Seules les études qui relèvent de la sémiotique pragmatique veillent à inscrire l’objet dans l’action, …
A Competitive Game-Based Method For Brainstorming And Evaluating Early Stage Design Ideas In Terms Of Their Likelihood Of Success In The Marketplace, Tom Barker
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper considers a game-based method for the early evaluation of design ideas in terms of the likelihood of success of the designs in the marketplace. The method was developed in the format of a multiplayer competitive team game for up to 120 participants. Known as the Marketplace Casino, it has been applied in both design education and industry. The paper reviews the evolution of the game with international play testing and refinement involving over 400 participants in Europe (UK), Asia-Pacific (Japan, Korea, China, Australia), and Africa (Ghana). The research innovation discussed in this paper relates to the combination of …
The Impact Of Modular Product Design On Innovation Compared With Design From First Principles, Tom Barker, Vasilije Kokotovich
The Impact Of Modular Product Design On Innovation Compared With Design From First Principles, Tom Barker, Vasilije Kokotovich
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The research looks at whether modular design methods can compromise innovation when compared with design from first principles. The questions that the authors investigated were: to what extent does modular product design restrict innovation in design? Is design from first principles a better starting point for innovation, and if this is the case, then what methods and environments facilitate design from first principles among design teams? The authors were also interested in the relationship between industry and academia when taking these differing approaches. The authors consider design from first principles to be where there is a significant shift in a …
Dis/Ability Teaches Design!, Tom Bieling
Dis/Ability Teaches Design!, Tom Bieling
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In our paper, we claim that general human and artificial communication systems might be enriched by acknowledging and adding specifics of different ways of communication, perception and locomotion that refer to bodily impairment (Bieling, 2009). Schillmeier (2009, 79ff) sees disability less as an effect of bodily impairment, but more as a phenomenon of social construction. Oriented towards Science, Technology and Society Studies (STS) he conceptualizes disability as a “heterogenic, material event”, which connects “social and non-social relations of human and non-human actors, of things, bodies, technologies, sensorical pratices” and becomes able to be experienced in the sense of disabling as …
Complexities Of Teaching And Learning Collaborations With International Partners: The Global Studio, Erik Bohemia
Complexities Of Teaching And Learning Collaborations With International Partners: The Global Studio, Erik Bohemia
DRS Biennial Conference Series
During the past four years, academics from the School of Design at Northumbria University have developed and implemented an innovative international collaborative teaching and research model named ‘the Global Studio’. The Global Studio provides a response within Higher Education to shifting trends taking place in manufacturing and the related emergence of globally networked organisations. This paper examines the challenges of establishing and maintaining teaching and learning relationships with international partners. During the past four years seven international collaborative research projects involving high profile overseas universities and multinational industry partners have been undertaken within the Global Studio. A focus of the …
Barrier Analysis As A Design Tool In Complex Safety Critical Systems, Johan Blomkvist, Amy Rankin, Daniel Anundi, Stefan Holmlid
Barrier Analysis As A Design Tool In Complex Safety Critical Systems, Johan Blomkvist, Amy Rankin, Daniel Anundi, Stefan Holmlid
DRS Biennial Conference Series
When constructing or improving large complex systems, design activities help establish the needs and goals of users, deepen the understanding of the system and facilitate ideation of new solutions. When service systems are large, dynamic and complex, the need for thorough design work is especially evident. However, design methods usually strive to describe and design best case scenarios and we argue they lack the perspective of safety needed when working in safety critical systems. In order to gain knowledge on how a perspective of risk and safety can benefit design in a safety critical domain, two different perspectives were adopted …
When Will Customers Claim Their Rights As Empowered And Creative Human Beings? - A Rhetorical Perspective On Co-Creation, Kirsten Bonde Sørensen
When Will Customers Claim Their Rights As Empowered And Creative Human Beings? - A Rhetorical Perspective On Co-Creation, Kirsten Bonde Sørensen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Designers as well as business leaders are strictly focusing on co-creation and co-creation activities as an effective method to innovation in business and product development. Paradoxically we seem to forget the perspective of the customers. The intention of this paper is to bring a rhetorical approach to ‘co-creation’. This approach emphasizes co-creation as a specific form of rhetorical design discourse directed at customers who are introduced to new creative ways of expressing themselves. The rhetorical perspective also emphasizes how this discourse is capable of constituting its audience in new roles, here as empowered, active and creative people. This co-creation discourse …
Expanding Design Space: Design-In-Use Activities And Strategies, Andrea Botero, Kari-Hans Kommonen, Sanna Marttila
Expanding Design Space: Design-In-Use Activities And Strategies, Andrea Botero, Kari-Hans Kommonen, Sanna Marttila
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper introduces an analytical framework for understanding the collaborative nature and distributed structure of what is often referred to as design space. We propose that the design space should be conceptualized as the space of possibilities for realizing a design, which extends beyond the concept design stage into the design-in-use activities of people. By locating different activities and mapping participants’ possibilities in a continuum from consumption to active creation, we develop a framework for understanding and locating design research interventions and a tool for mapping design activities. We argue that: 1) a design space is always actively co-constructed and …
Food Orbits: A Novel Design Tool For Complex Systems, Stephen Brogan, Seaton Baxter
Food Orbits: A Novel Design Tool For Complex Systems, Stephen Brogan, Seaton Baxter
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Food and our relationship with it is important to our very survival. To understand the different natures of various food systems it is critical to understand some of their general characteristics. We must know the components of the system and how they work together. Currently, there are several conceptual models of food systems available to facilitate the understanding of such: the linear, radial and loop models, none of which seem suitable for a design application. Natural food systems are complex adaptive systems that operate in a closed loop, with all inputs emanating from and all residuals returning to the source. …
Everyday People: Enabling User Expertise In Socially Responsible Design, Christine Caruso, Lois Frankel
Everyday People: Enabling User Expertise In Socially Responsible Design, Christine Caruso, Lois Frankel
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper examines the contemporary relevance of interdisciplinary research practice specifically within the field of design for social need. Examining the complexity of current social problems using the concepts of Rittel & Webber’s wicked problems, this paper looks at the potential for the application of co-design methods within an interdisciplinary framework. By proposing the use of a social model of design, it is argued that it is through co-design methods and the use of generative toolkits such as Liz Sanders’ MakeTools and IDEO’s Human-Centered Design Toolkit that the design process can be enhanced in the early stages. This paper argues …
Consumption Experience In Running: How Design Influences This Phenomenon Filipe Campelo Xavier Da Costa, Celso Carnos Scaletsky,, Filipe Campelo Xavier Da Costa, Celso Carnos Scaletsky, Gustavo Daudt Fischer
Consumption Experience In Running: How Design Influences This Phenomenon Filipe Campelo Xavier Da Costa, Celso Carnos Scaletsky,, Filipe Campelo Xavier Da Costa, Celso Carnos Scaletsky, Gustavo Daudt Fischer
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The studies on consumption experience have gained force not only in the Marketing field but also in relation to the impact that design can have in the construction of those experiences. This paper discusses the role that Design can play in the construction of experiences perceived in road running activities. In order to do so, an exploratory study was conducted through the use of multiple techniques of data collection (in-depth interviews, desk research, and ethnographic essay). The results indicate that the experience generated by the running activity is strongly dependent on external agents, like sport consultancy services and competitions, being …
Dynamique Des Ambiances Lumineuses Par Relevés Vidéo D’Espaces De Transition, Mathieu Coulombe, Claude M.H. Demers, André Potvin
Dynamique Des Ambiances Lumineuses Par Relevés Vidéo D’Espaces De Transition, Mathieu Coulombe, Claude M.H. Demers, André Potvin
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Natural light characterizes architecture in a complex manner, especially when considering its fluctuations and variations whenever we experience a transition or passage from a space to another. It also influences the comfort and the well-being of its occupants. This visual adaptation appears in a process that is translated into a spatio-temporal dynamics implying body movement from space to space. The literature review recognizes the lack of knowledge in the relation light-space-time. This research proposes to study this spatio-temporal relation existing between light and architectural space, to qualify an architectural promenade. It proposes to reconsider the design of transitional spaces by …
Design History Education And The Use Of The Design Brief As An Interpretative Framework For Sustainable Practice, John Calvelli
Design History Education And The Use Of The Design Brief As An Interpretative Framework For Sustainable Practice, John Calvelli
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Over the last several years, designers, researchers and educators have been increasingly concerned with what effect design has had, and could have, on the current condition of unsustainability. If design has had a significant part in materializing unsustainability, then we must try to change its disciplinary parameters and relationships. How can we teach design history in order to engage students in this critical work? This paper will document an ongoing experiment in the teaching of design history to undergraduate students in visual communication in two colleges of art and design. The course asks students to interpret images from the broad …
Scenario: The User Profiles Methods Applied To Product Design, Denise Dantas
Scenario: The User Profiles Methods Applied To Product Design, Denise Dantas
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper presents SCENARIO (System of Speculative Conception of New Environments related to the Individual and the Object), developed in the Ph.D. thesis called “Design futureoriented, focused on the individual and trend analysis”,(2005). SCENARIO is a project instrument created with the objective to help the designer to comprehend both the profile and the user necessities, so that the former is capable of designing more adequate objects to the contemporary context. The objective is also to create conditions that allow the verification and validation of the designer’s project proposal through the use of metaphors built on trend analysis. The project is …
Joinedupdesign For Academies: Enhancing Design Learning Through Complexity, John Butcher, Friedemann Schaber
Joinedupdesign For Academies: Enhancing Design Learning Through Complexity, John Butcher, Friedemann Schaber
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper reports on research undertaken on the Sorrell Foundation’s Joinedupdesign for Academies programme, a pilot scheme with four universities in the United Kingdom (UK) aiming to inform the transition of ‘failing’ secondary (11-18) schools into academies (involving substantial re-designs and re-building). From the authors’ university, 12 undergraduate Design students participated in Joinedupdesign for Academies, in partnership with two secondary schools in the Midlands region of England. Like other universities in the UK, it has well-established links with local schools and programmes of community engagement, corresponding with reported US experiences (Lerner & Simon, 1998). The Sorrell Foundation model is an …
The Success Of Designer-Producers In Québec, André Desrosiers
The Success Of Designer-Producers In Québec, André Desrosiers
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The author identified more than 120 designer owned manufacturing companies in Québec. He interviewed 50 designers who owned such companies, and obtained detailed information on more than 75 companies. He examined these companies for: area of activity, size, longevity and economic impact. The companies are highly concentrated in the area of lifestyle products and are of comparable size to other manufacturing companies, show similar revenue per employee and have similar economic impact. They are also much more successful than other Québec manufacturers as far as longevity is concerned. These designer-owned companies create more direct employment than do industrial design consulting …
The Challenges Of Information Transfer Between The Client Organization And The Temporary Multi-Organization (Tmo), Michel De Blois
The Challenges Of Information Transfer Between The Client Organization And The Temporary Multi-Organization (Tmo), Michel De Blois
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The mechanisms required for the transfer of both implicit and explicit information between the client organization and the temporary multi-organization are crucial in the programming process of construction projects. However, the identification and transfer of needs within the conception phase from the client (and eventually the users) towards the project team are rarely direct and easy. (Nadler et al., 1992) The evaluation of the project outcome (“as built”) against the initial project proposal, allows for a better understanding of both the project process and the influence of informal communications in translating client/user needs. This research project, comprised of three phases, …
Poetics As A Strategy Of Inquiry: Productive Science In Design Practice And Research, Kaja Tooming Buchanan
Poetics As A Strategy Of Inquiry: Productive Science In Design Practice And Research, Kaja Tooming Buchanan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
For many years practicing artists and designers, as well as design researchers, have struggled to find useful models for their creative work. To understand this struggle, we will use a model that gives intellectual strength and direction to research and creative projects, offering an alternative to other approaches such as Design Science, Dialectic and Rhetoric. The strategy is called Productive Science or Poetics, and it is a way of focusing and understanding the struggle of a practicing artist or designer as he or she seeks to develop creative work. There are three central features of the strategy: the identification of …
An Exploratory Study Of Scientists’ Perceptions Of Design And Designers, Alex Driver, Carlos Peralta, James Moultrie
An Exploratory Study Of Scientists’ Perceptions Of Design And Designers, Alex Driver, Carlos Peralta, James Moultrie
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As part of a wider empirical study in to the potential role of industrial design in scientific research, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with scientists to understand how their perceptions of design and designers might influence collaboration. This paper reports that scientists without prior experience of working with designers may be unclear as to their skills and areas of expertise, and may subsequently be missing out on collaborative opportunities. Scientists perceive a greater possible impact on applied research through engagement of professional design skills. It was revealed that design interventions could be suitable for many scientists as their …
Design, Democracy And Agonistic Pluralism, Carl Disalvo
Design, Democracy And Agonistic Pluralism, Carl Disalvo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In this paper, the author presents an alternative approach to ‘design for democracy,’ drawing on the notion of agonistic pluralism. Specifically, the author highlights the differences between politics and the political within agonistic pluralism, and employing examples of contemporary design projects, discusses how these differences can been seen in the objects and practices of design. Through this critical examination, the author contributes a new perspective to the discourses of ‘design for democracy’ and expands the possibilities for democratic action and critique available to both practicing designers and design scholars.
Understanding The Practical Challenges Of Moving From Closed To Open Source Collaborative Design, Natalie Ebenreuter
Understanding The Practical Challenges Of Moving From Closed To Open Source Collaborative Design, Natalie Ebenreuter
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This inquiry examines how effective collaborative user experiences can be shaped in open source communities. It focuses on the changing design and development conditions of the prototype computer software application LabanAssist (Ebenreuter, 2008). By changing the project’s environment and activity of development, it is envisaged that a range of experts will have the potential to participate in the ongoing advancement of LabanAssist. The challenge, here, rests in designing a way in which an integrated view of the design situation and the associated activities required to continue the open development of the LabanAssist project, can be shared and communicated effectively across …
Developing A Framework For Mapping Sustainable Design Activities, Bernhard Dusch, Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie
Developing A Framework For Mapping Sustainable Design Activities, Bernhard Dusch, Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The notion of sustainable design has become increasingly prominent within the design community. As a result, numerous design theories, strategies and tools are available to designers. Yet, limited attempts in the field evaluate these activities by placing them in relation to each other or within the broader context of sustainable development. Based on a literature review this study develops an integrated framework which connects the areas of sustainable development and sustainable design. This framework may be utilised in two ways: firstly, to visualise the interdependencies of sustainable design and sustainable development; secondly, as an assessment tool to measure and compare …
Taylorisme, Fordisme Et Toyotisme : Comment Le Design Management A Construit Les Principaux Modèles Productifs De La Théorie Des Organisations, Nabil El Hilali, Jean Pierre Mathieu
Taylorisme, Fordisme Et Toyotisme : Comment Le Design Management A Construit Les Principaux Modèles Productifs De La Théorie Des Organisations, Nabil El Hilali, Jean Pierre Mathieu
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Ancrée dans les sciences du management et la théorie des organisations, cette recherche établit un lien entre la recherche en design et les sciences du management. Elle vise à définir, en une perspective inscrite dans la complexité, les fondamentaux de la construction du territoire du design en théorie des organisations. Il s’avère de ce fait que le design est loin de ne constituer qu’un « outil négligé » sous forme d’appendice au service du marketing. Plus que cela, le design structure le champ de la théorie des organisations en étant présent au cœur des trois principaux modèles organisationnels, à l’origine …
Epistemological Positions Informing Theories Of Design Research: Implications For The Design Discipline And Design Practice, Luke Feast
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design research is not simply concerned with speculations regarding the relationship of theory and practice. Design research also brings out significant questions regarding the nature of research and the position of the doctorate in university education. This paper presents analyses of examples of objectivist, constructionist, and subjectivist theories of design research. The assumptions that underpin their perspectives are outlined, their powers of generalisation considered. The implications for the position of the design discipline in relation to the greater academic community, and the characterisations of design practice that they contain, are drawn out. The paper concludes by considering the pedagogical implications …
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters For Automotive Design, Stuart G. English, Matteo Conti
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters For Automotive Design, Stuart G. English, Matteo Conti
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market. With the emergence of the North East of England …
Converting The Participants’ Verbal Expressions Into Design Factors, Neda Ghadir, Dawood M. Garavand, Ali Faraji
Converting The Participants’ Verbal Expressions Into Design Factors, Neda Ghadir, Dawood M. Garavand, Ali Faraji
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The designers usually apply various qualitative and quantitative techniques in investigating users’ desires. Once such techniques are applied, they deal with the difficulties of making the outcome data comprehensible enough to be used in the subsequent steps. This paper presents some encountered complexities of a pilot survey titled “Designing and Implementing an Artificial Design Tool Based on Improved Kansei Engineering”, in an effort to describe the borderline between quantitative and qualitative methods and their transformation point, and a practical solution suggested as co-qual-quant model. Through conducted case study, we have used qualitative methods on the human side (e.g. PPP and …
Reading The Tea Leaves: Patterns Of Theorisation About Design Research, Joseph Frances
Reading The Tea Leaves: Patterns Of Theorisation About Design Research, Joseph Frances
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Heterogeneity is regarded as an inherent and significant feature of the emergent and complex field of Design. This pluralism is recognised as an important factor underpinning design’s increasingly significant role and position as an ‘inter’discipline which is both integrative and an interface and has the potential to bridge traditional divisions such as the ‘natural’ orientation of sciences and the ‘social’ orientation of the humanities through a ‘third culture’ concerned with the ‘artificial’ (Jonas, 2000). It is also recognised as contributing to the increasing articulation and vibrancy of design discourse. However there is a critical need for greater relational understanding between …