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Resting-State Hyperconnectivity Of The Anticorrelated Intrinsic Networks In Schizophrenic Patients And Their Unaffected Siblings, Yoshio A. Kaneko
Resting-State Hyperconnectivity Of The Anticorrelated Intrinsic Networks In Schizophrenic Patients And Their Unaffected Siblings, Yoshio A. Kaneko
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Abnormal connectivity of the intrinsic anticorrelated networks, the task-negative network (TNN) and task-positive network (TPN), is implicated in schizophrenia. Comparisons between schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings offer an opportunity to further understand illness susceptibility and pathophysiology. We hypothesized that schizophrenic patients would demonstrate hyperconnectivity in the intrinsic networks and that similar, but less pronounced, hyperconnectivity would be evident in the networks of the unaffected siblings. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from schizophrenic patients (n=25), their unaffected siblings (n=25), and healthy controls (n=25). The posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as seed …
Ictal Functional Neuroimaging Of Childhood Absence Epilepsy, Matthew Vestal
Ictal Functional Neuroimaging Of Childhood Absence Epilepsy, Matthew Vestal
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Absence seizures in Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) are 5 10 second episodes of impaired consciousness that are characterized on electroencephalography (EEG) by frontally-predominant, 3 4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWD). The aims of this study were to use simultaneous EEG, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and behavioral testing to identify the neural networks involved in absence seizures as well as to examine the timecourse of those ictal fMRI changes. It was hypothesized that absence seizures involve wide-reaching neural networks including the areas traditionally associated with normal attention processing and that absence seizures produce fMRI signal changes not only during …
White Matter Hyperintensity Volume As A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Zachary Andrew Corbin
White Matter Hyperintensity Volume As A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Zachary Andrew Corbin
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITY VOLUME AS A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE Zachary A. Corbin, Natalia S. Rost, MGH Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Jeffrey B. Blumberg, Paul E. Milbury, Antioxidant Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Michael K. Parides, Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Karen L. Furie, MGH Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (Sponsored by Walter N. Kernan, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, …
Influence Of A Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-Httlpr) On Corticolimbic Abnormalities In Bipolar Disorder An Integrated Genetics And Functional Mri Study, Maulik Shah
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with abnormalities of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the amygdala, components of a corticolimbic neural system that subserves emotional regulation. The short s allele - as opposed to the long l allele - of a serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is associated with more severe course features of BD and impaired functional connectivity between the sgACC and amygdala in healthy control (HC) individuals. This study tests the hypothesis that the s allele influences the dysfunction in the sgACC-amygdala neural system in BD. Twenty-six euthymic BD participants (17 s carriers, 9 ll) and 43 …
The Relationship Between Liver Fat Content And Unenhanced Computed Tomography, Karen Shoebotham
The Relationship Between Liver Fat Content And Unenhanced Computed Tomography, Karen Shoebotham
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to chart unenhanced CT liver and spleen attenuation data on patients with normal and fatty livers to demonstrate a relationship between liver fat content and attenuation on unenhanced CT using MR chemical shift imaging as a reference standard. Retrospective data was gathered on 116 patients from NYU Tisch Hospital who had undergone both an unenhanced CT and MR opposed-phase imaging of the liver within 2 months. MR fat fraction (MR FF) was calculated using signal decrease on in]phase and opposed]phase imaging, with a cutoff of 0.2 considered significant fatty infiltration. Three CT liver attenuation …
Comparison Of Four Different Embolic Materials For Uterine Artery Embolization In Post-Procedure Mri Enhancement, Steven David Abramowitz
Comparison Of Four Different Embolic Materials For Uterine Artery Embolization In Post-Procedure Mri Enhancement, Steven David Abramowitz
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The aim of this study was to assess embolic agent equivalency in uterine artery embolization (UAE) using post-procedure MRI enhancement of uterine fibroids in patients embolized using Embosphere Microspheres, (EM) Contour SE spheres (CSE), Poly-Vinyl Alcohol particles (PVA) and Bead Block spheres (BB). A total of 84 women with 6-month MRI follow-up constituted this retrospective study. Within this group, 25 women were treated with PVA, 23 were treated with CSE, 19 were treated with EM and 17 were treated with BB. Pre- and post-procedure MRI exams were analyzed for the total number of fibroids present in the uterus of each …
Interactions Between Fmri Bold-Activation During Reading Tasks And Mrs-Measured Metabolite Levels, Hassana Aisha Ibrahim
Interactions Between Fmri Bold-Activation During Reading Tasks And Mrs-Measured Metabolite Levels, Hassana Aisha Ibrahim
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Recent studies in the field of dyslexia have used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to explore neurochemical manifestations of neurobiological differences in the brains of dyslexic adults compared to controls. This study examines the potential relationship between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD (blood oxygen level demand) activation scores in response to cognitive tasks and MRS-measured levels of a metabolite and a neurotransmitter, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) respectively, in the occipital region of brains of seven-year old children. Preliminary results from this multi-arm, longitudinal study indicate a significant positive correlation between fMRI BOLD signal elicited in response to picture-cues …
Magnetic Resonance Findings Of Exaggerated Fluid In Facet Joints Predicts Instability, Kimberly Anne Schinnerer
Magnetic Resonance Findings Of Exaggerated Fluid In Facet Joints Predicts Instability, Kimberly Anne Schinnerer
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of exaggerated fluid signal in lumbar facet joints on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and evaluate the correlation of this finding with radiographic evidence of instability. One hundred and thirty-four consecutive lumbar MRIs obtained by a single surgeon over a 2-year period were selected for review. Studies were evaluated for exaggerated fluid (defined as greater than one millimeter) between the articular surfaces of the facets on axial views. Standing plain films of all patients were then evaluated to determine the incidence of spondylolisthesis for patients with and without exaggerated fluid in …
The Effect Of Teleradiology On Interpretation Times For Ct Pulmonary Angiography Studies, Scott Thomas Olcott Kennedy
The Effect Of Teleradiology On Interpretation Times For Ct Pulmonary Angiography Studies, Scott Thomas Olcott Kennedy
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a teleradiology service on the timely interpretation of computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography studies. A survey of clinical and imaging physicians was performed to develop achievable goals for interpretation of CT pulmonary angiography studies. Percentages of studies given preliminary written reports within these thresholds were compared for 1,102 pulmonary angiography CT studies from three months before teleradiology was implemented to three months after. Identical control data were matched over the same periods for 1,638 CT brain studies. Data are reported as averages and percentages. Statistical significance was evaluated with …
Self And Other: An Fmri Study Of Referential Processing And Retrieval, Tamara Vanderwal
Self And Other: An Fmri Study Of Referential Processing And Retrieval, Tamara Vanderwal
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The self-reference effect has often been used as an indicator of how the brain processes information about ones self. Using fMRI, we studied the neural correlates of the self-reference effect during both encoding and retrieval by means of a unique paradigm of stimuli presentation. Changes in BOLD signal during self-referential processing were compared with those observed during mother-referential processing, and conjunction analysis of these two conditions resulted in joint activations of the superior fontal, inferior frontal and posterior cingulate gyri. Areas of the anterior cingulate gyrus and the visual word form area were observed for self-referential processing and not for …
Uterine Arterial Embolization: Classification Of Leiomyomas To Determine Predictors Of Response, Trusher Patel
Uterine Arterial Embolization: Classification Of Leiomyomas To Determine Predictors Of Response, Trusher Patel
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study is to determine features of uterine leiomyoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that identify predictors of response to Uterine Arterial Embolization (UAE). MRI images were obtained before and after UAE in 35 women. These images were analyzed for uterine and fibroid size changes along with fibroid border characteristics and location for a total of 73 fibroids. Fibroids were classified as either smooth or lobulated based on border appearance on MR imaging to determine any differences in mean fibroid volume reduction post-embolization. The mean decrease in fibroid volume from pre-embolization to post-embolization was 48.1% ± 28.6 …
Large, Single Institution Review Of Prognostic Factors In Oligodendroglioma, Heather Mckee
Large, Single Institution Review Of Prognostic Factors In Oligodendroglioma, Heather Mckee
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Studies have demonstrated an association between loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 1p and chromosome 19q in oligodendrogliomas with both chemosensitivity and prolonged survival. This represents the first time genetic mutations have been utilized to guide clinical decision making. Studies have also found these genetic mutations to be associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features including indistinct tumor borders on T1-weighted imaging, susceptibility effect, and mixed signal intensity. However, no study has yet demonstrated an association between imaging features and survival. We seek to confirm the clinical utility of known prognostic factors such as age and tumor grade while investigating the …