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Evaluation Of Cultivar Susceptibility And In-Furrow Fungicide Efficacy For Management Of Southern Blight Of Soybean, Adam Joseph Connor
Evaluation Of Cultivar Susceptibility And In-Furrow Fungicide Efficacy For Management Of Southern Blight Of Soybean, Adam Joseph Connor
Theses and Dissertations
Southern Blight (SB), caused by the fungus Athelia rolfsii, has increasingly impacted Mississippi soybean production with estimated economic losses in recent years rising from $181,616 in 2016 to $9,508,412 in 2021. Currently, there are no recommended fungicides and no known commercially available cultivar resistance. Eleven cultivars were evaluated for their response to the presence of Athelia rolfsii in the 2021 field trial. An in vitro fungicide assay was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five fungicides to determine the respective EC50. These fungicides were then evaluated in combination with three cultivars, one mild, one moderate, and one severe in the …
Activity Level Of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hearnpv) And Feeding Habits Of Helicoverpa Zea Larvae After Ingestion Of Hearnpv In Mississippi Soybean, Judge Tyler Fortenberry
Activity Level Of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hearnpv) And Feeding Habits Of Helicoverpa Zea Larvae After Ingestion Of Hearnpv In Mississippi Soybean, Judge Tyler Fortenberry
Theses and Dissertations
HearNPV was applied to a soybean field and evaluated for residual efficacy at different time intervals (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) after application in laboratory bioassays with treated leaves. Larval mortality was rated at five, seven and twelve days after larval infestation. Larval mortality increased as the number of days after infestation increased. To evaluate the feeding habits of Helicoverpa zea at the 2nd and 3rd instar, HearNPV exposed larvae and untreated larvae were weighed at zero (before diet exposure), four, and seven days. At four days after exposure, larval weight gain of …
Marginal Agricultural Land Identification In The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Prakash Tiwari
Marginal Agricultural Land Identification In The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Prakash Tiwari
Theses and Dissertations
This study identified marginal agricultural lands in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley using crop yield predicting models. The Random Forest Regression (RFR) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models were trained and validated using county-level crop yield data, climate data, soil properties, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The RFR model outperformed MLR model in estimating soybean and corn yields, with an index of agreement (d) of 0.98 and 0.96, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) of 0.88 and 0.93, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.34% and 5.84%, respectively. Marginal agricultural lands were estimated to 26,366 hectares using cost and sales …
Managing Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (Idc) In Soybean Through A Cropping System Approach, Katelin Savannah Waldrep
Managing Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (Idc) In Soybean Through A Cropping System Approach, Katelin Savannah Waldrep
Theses and Dissertations
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a frequent problem throughout many areas of the United States where soils are high in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), including the Blackland Prairie regions of Mississippi. The main objectives of this study were to 1) determine the effects of seven different cropping systems on IDC visual symptomology and grain yield in rainfed soybeans grown in calcareous soils, and 2) evaluate the effects of soil water tension (SWT) on IDC. Rotating soybeans with corn produced significantly higher yields for both tolerant and susceptible soybean varieties. IDC symptomology was worse, and yields were lower in cropping …
Assessing Wood Failure In Plywood By Deep Learning/Semantic Segmentation, Ramon Ferreira Oliveira
Assessing Wood Failure In Plywood By Deep Learning/Semantic Segmentation, Ramon Ferreira Oliveira
Theses and Dissertations
The current method for estimating wood failure is highly subjective. Various techniques have been proposed to improve the current protocol, but none have succeeded. This research aims to use deep learning/semantic segmentation using SegNet architecture to estimate wood failure in four types of three-ply plywood from mechanical shear strength specimens. We trained and tested our approach on custom and commercial plywood with bio-based and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. Shear specimens were prepared and tested. Photographs of 255 shear bonded areas were taken. Forty photographs were used to solicit visual estimates from five human evaluators, and the remaining photographs were used to train …
Metagenomic Analysis Of Root-Associated Microbiome Of Healthy And Taproot Decline-Affected Soybeans And Identification Of Healthy Soybean Root Endophytes With Protective Activity Against The Causal Agent, Xylaria Necrophora, Uyen Wesser
Theses and Dissertations
Plant roots are associated with a diverse microbial community of bacteria and fungi. The root microbiome communities associate with the root surface or penetrate the superficial layers of root tissues. It is of high agronomic interest to characterize root microbiomes and identify microbes with beneficial effects on plant defense against pathogens. Soybean taproot decline (TRD) is an emerging soil-borne disease caused by a fungus classified as Xylaria necrophora, challenging to control and with devastating effects on yield. Our group has initiated a study of the soybean root microbiome with three primary experiments: (I) perform a comparative study of root …
Evaluation Of Agronomic Performance And Weed Control In Soybean Grown With Different Row Configurations, Planting Dates, And Soil Textures, Franklin Read Kelly
Evaluation Of Agronomic Performance And Weed Control In Soybean Grown With Different Row Configurations, Planting Dates, And Soil Textures, Franklin Read Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
Planting date, seeding rate, soil texture, and row configuration are important factors in soybean production. Each of these factors can impact overall production and yield of soybean immensely. Growers can have difficulty making decisions about how to best manage their production systems with these factors in mind. Therefore, research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, to evaluate the agronomic performance, yield components, and weed control of soybean planted with different planting dates, row configurations, soil textures and/or seeding rates. Common row configurations utilized in Mississippi soybean production were compared to …
Determining Residual Control And Systemic Activity Of Commonly Used Insecticides In Soybean And Cotton, Jacob H. Smith
Determining Residual Control And Systemic Activity Of Commonly Used Insecticides In Soybean And Cotton, Jacob H. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Chemical control is a critical component of integrated pest management in cotton and soybean production. Residual efficacy of foliar insecticides can be highly variable and difficult to quantify due to several factors. The purpose of this research was to determine residual control and concentrations in flowering structures of commonly used insecticides. This research focused on the concentrations of active ingredient within the plant as well as efficacy over time. Previous research suggested chlorantraniliprole had a long residual and was highly lethal on corn earworm up to 28 days after treatment (DAT) in soybean; however, the results found in cotton were …
Soybean (Glycine Max) Response To Multiple, Sublethal Exposures Of 2,4-D And Dicamba From Vegetative Through Reproductive Growth, Graham Robert Oakley
Soybean (Glycine Max) Response To Multiple, Sublethal Exposures Of 2,4-D And Dicamba From Vegetative Through Reproductive Growth, Graham Robert Oakley
Theses and Dissertations
This study was conducted to determine whether soybean productivity is affected by multiple, sublethal herbicide exposures. The effects of dicamba and 2,4-D on soybean (Glycine max) productivity was investigated at 17 site-years. Relative to a single exposure of dicamba at R1, an additional exposure at either V3 or R3 reduced yield up to 23%. Three or more applications did not further decrease yields relative to an R1&R3 exposure. For 2,4-D, a single application to V3, R1, R3, or R5 soybean did not affect grain yield. However, two exposures of 2,4-D occurring from V3 through R3 reduced yield 5 to 7%. …
Positive Correlation Between A3 Subunit Of Glycinin And Firmness Of Tofu Made From Soybeans Grown In Three Locations Over Two Years, Ruiqi Chen
Theses and Dissertations
Producing desirable firmness is important in manufacturing tofu from soybeans. This study’s objective was to explore the environmental impact (location and year) on soybean chemical components and identify the correlations between chemical composition and the firmness of tofu made from soybeans planted in three locations over two years. Seventeen soybean Plant Introductions (PI) from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and eight check varieties were planted in Mississippi, Virginia and Missouri in 2017 and 2018. Protein subunit composition, protein secondary structure, phytic acid content, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content were determined. The result showed that A3 subunit content was …
A Remote Sensing Driven Geospatial Approach To Regional Crop Growth And Yield Modeling, Sadia Alam Shammi
A Remote Sensing Driven Geospatial Approach To Regional Crop Growth And Yield Modeling, Sadia Alam Shammi
Theses and Dissertations
Agriculture and food security are interlinked. New technologies and instruments are making the agricultural system easy to operate and increasing the food production. Remote sensing technology is widely used as a non-destructive method for crop growth monitoring, climate analysis, and forecasting crop yield. The objectives of this study are to (1) monitor crop growth remotely, (2) identify climate impacts on crop yield, and (3) forecasting crop yield. This study proposed methods to improve crop growth monitoring and yield predictions by using remote sensing technology. In this study, we developed crop vegetative growth metrics (VGM) from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging …
Identification And Evaluation Of Mycotoxins Produced By Macrophomina Phaseolina, Vivek Hemant Khambhati
Identification And Evaluation Of Mycotoxins Produced By Macrophomina Phaseolina, Vivek Hemant Khambhati
Theses and Dissertations
The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich (Mp) is the causal agent of charcoal rot in soybean and infects over 500 plant species worldwide. Mp produces various mycotoxins and is suspected of utilizing a toxin-mediated process to penetrate host tissue. Identification and evaluation of secondary metabolites produced by Mp will further elucidate the pathogenesis mechanisms used by the fungus. Mp cultures isolated from soybean were evaluated for phytotoxicity in a hydroponic soybean bioassay and chemically analyzed by LC-MS/MS. All Mp cultures at two dilutions induced phytotoxicity symptoms including chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, stunting, and death. Analysis identified 13 unreported secondary metabolites including …
Evaluation Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Quality Following Automatic Fungicide And Harvest Aid Applications Under Delayed Harvest Conditions In The Mid-Southern U. S., Robert Louis Adams Ii
Evaluation Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Quality Following Automatic Fungicide And Harvest Aid Applications Under Delayed Harvest Conditions In The Mid-Southern U. S., Robert Louis Adams Ii
Theses and Dissertations
Soybean growers in the mid-southern U.S. face many challenges imposed by adverse weather conditions that vary spatially and temporally. As a result, growers experience variations in soybean seed quality, grain quality, and yield. While not every harvest season experiences extremes in environmental conditions, those that do may result in major quality issues that could lead to significant financial losses. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate quality as it relates to delayed harvest conditions for soybean following common management practices such as fungicide application to mitigate spread of pathogens or harvest aid application to facilitate more efficient harvest. …
Pyritic Lignite As A Source Of Iron For Soybean As Influenced By Variety And Soil Ph., Andrea Paola Elvir Flores
Pyritic Lignite As A Source Of Iron For Soybean As Influenced By Variety And Soil Ph., Andrea Paola Elvir Flores
Theses and Dissertations
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a frequent problem in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production on calcareous soils. Greenhouse and soil incubation experiments were established to evaluate pyritic lignite efficacy to supply Fe as compared to Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA sources across contrasting IDC tolerance varieties grown on a slightly acid and a calcareous soil. Soybean IDC incidence was influenced by the soil properties and variety tolerance. All iron sources increased plant dry matter accumulation on the Leeper soil, whereas on the Marietta soil only lignite at 0.672 kg ha-1 produced an increase. Lignite at 0.336 kg ha-1 successfully improved Fe …
Effects Of Cover Crop Management On Biologically Related Soil Properties In A Mississippi Dryland Soybean System, Sapana Pokhrel
Effects Of Cover Crop Management On Biologically Related Soil Properties In A Mississippi Dryland Soybean System, Sapana Pokhrel
Theses and Dissertations
Soil microorganisms are important for the stabilization and preservation of a good soil structure. Management practices can affect the diversity and population of microorganisms, which could beneficially change soil properties and promote a more sustainable dryland system. This study was established near Pontotoc, MS on Atwood silt loam to evaluate the impacts of cover crops and fertilizer sources on selected biologically related soil properties in a no-tillage, dryland soybean system. Soil analyses included total carbon and nitrogen, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP), water stable aggregate (WSA) and soil pH. Cover crop biomass and percent groundcover, …
Evaluation Of Economics And Management In Mid-South Soybean Production, Richard Turner
Evaluation Of Economics And Management In Mid-South Soybean Production, Richard Turner
Theses and Dissertations
Two studies were conducted from 2017 – 2019 at Stoneville, MS the first was to determine optimum seeding rates on single and twin row configuration during both late and early planting dates. The second study was to compare two row configurations with two planting populations (whole plot) but add management strategies (subplots) within each whole plot. From this data, yield optimization could be reached within each system that likely encompasses everything a producer in the Mississippi Delta could encounter during a growing season. Soybean seed from this data was analyzed for protein, oil, and fatty acid composition to determine which …
Refinement And Validation Of Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) (Walker) Thresholds In Mississippi Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.), Mary Huff
Theses and Dissertations
Experiments were conducted to refine and validate the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) threshold in Mississippi soybeans, Glycine max. (L.) Merr. Equivalencies between sweep net and drop cloth sampling methods were evaluated, overall the sweep net was more effective at capturing soybean looper larvae greater than third instar and larvae less than or equal to third instar when compared to the drop cloth method. Feeding studies were conducted to determine the feeding rates of each instar, results showed that fifth instar larvae consume the greatest amount of leaf tissue, and larvae greater than or equal to third instar consume more …
Best Management Practices Of Non-Irrigated Soybean (Glycine Max) Production Systems In The Mid-South, Daniel Zachary Reynolds
Best Management Practices Of Non-Irrigated Soybean (Glycine Max) Production Systems In The Mid-South, Daniel Zachary Reynolds
Theses and Dissertations
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the most profitable and effective management practices for non-irrigated soybean production. Common production practices were compared side by side to evaluate yield response and economic returns. Combinations of row spacings and planting dates were evaluated to determine interactions between the two factors and also the effects on yield. Lastly, the effectiveness of various iron sources was examined in iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) susceptible soybeans when applied foliar, inurrow at planting, and a split application. These data suggest that in non-irrigated soybeans, “low input management” practices do not maximize yields, but can be more profitable, depending …
Varietal And Residual Soil Test K Level Effects On Soybean Leaf K Status And Yield, Andrew Dygert
Varietal And Residual Soil Test K Level Effects On Soybean Leaf K Status And Yield, Andrew Dygert
Theses and Dissertations
Newer multi-trait soybean varieties have resulted in greater yields, bringing into question whether current soil test K (STK) correlation, calibration, and recommendations need updating to maximize yield. The objective of this study was to refine soil test correlation and calibration using a range in residual STK levels and response in temporal leaf and seed K concentrations and yield across soybean maturity groups IV and V. For the 0- to 15-cm soil depth STK levels greater than 125 mg K kg-1, K did not limit yield. Critical tissue K varied between years and maturity group. Critical K at R1, R3, and …
Impact Of Early Season Insect Management Decisions On Yield Of Soybean, John Hartley North
Impact Of Early Season Insect Management Decisions On Yield Of Soybean, John Hartley North
Theses and Dissertations
To determine the optimal seeding rate and utilization of seed treatment combinations for maximizing soybean yield within optimal and late planting dates. Also, experiments were conducted to quantify effects of soybean stand loss and to determine optimal seeding rates at various planting dates comparing three seed treatments. Experiments were conducted to test influence of planter type and seeding rate on soybean. Soybean seed treated with at planting insecticides showed no difference in yield compared to fungicide only treated seed. Also, yields were maximized at low seeding rates where no stand loss occurred. Soybean yields benefited from where seeding rates were …
Agronomic Management Of Flooded Soybean In Mississippi Delta, William Lassiter
Agronomic Management Of Flooded Soybean In Mississippi Delta, William Lassiter
Theses and Dissertations
Flooding is a major obstacle for soybean production in the Mississippi Delta. One management practice that soybean producers use to mitigate the effects of flooding is planting soybean on raised beds. Another potential management practice that could be employed in the Mississippi Delta is the use of flood tolerant soybean cultivars. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of raised beds for flooding management and compare the tolerance of six soybean cultivars under flooded conditions at multiple growth stages and flood durations. Field studies were established during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons at the Mississippi …
Characterization Of Xylaria Sp., The Causal Agent Of Taproot Decline In Mississippi Soybean, Hope Becton
Characterization Of Xylaria Sp., The Causal Agent Of Taproot Decline In Mississippi Soybean, Hope Becton
Theses and Dissertations
Taproot decline (TRD), caused by an undescribed species of Xylaria, is an emerging root disease of soybean in Mississippi. Xylaria sp. isolates were collected from soybean roots and used to characterize TRD distribution as well as optimal growth temperature, pathogenicity, alternative host range, in vitro pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity. The 24 selected Xylaria sp. isolates from the 2016 collection had a mean optimal growth temperature of 26.7°C, and were pathogenic to soybean; however, differences in virulence occurred among isolates. Five selected Xylaria sp. isolates produced stroma on six hosts: corn, cotton, peanut, rice, sorghum, and wheat. Xylaria sp. colonized corn, …
Impact Of Preventative Fungicide Practices On Mid-South Soybean (Glycine Max) Grain Development, Quality, And Economic Return, Chase Alan Floyd
Impact Of Preventative Fungicide Practices On Mid-South Soybean (Glycine Max) Grain Development, Quality, And Economic Return, Chase Alan Floyd
Theses and Dissertations
The need for profitable soybean production practices gain continually with increasing input costs and reduced profit margins. Constant cultivar and product developments has resulted in limited current data available regarding the profitability of preventative fungicide applications and physiological benefits that can occur from these applications. Research was conducted during 2017 and 2018 to determine optimal fungicide application timing, while assessing multiple fungicide options and resulting effect on soybean grain yield, seed quality, and profitability. Additional research was conducted to determine optimal row spacing, planting date and fungicide application combinations to maximize soybean production profitability. These data suggest using multi-mode of …
Influence Of Winter Annual Cover Crops And Insect Management Strategies On Insect Pests Of Mississippi Soybean, Daniel Adam Whalen
Influence Of Winter Annual Cover Crops And Insect Management Strategies On Insect Pests Of Mississippi Soybean, Daniel Adam Whalen
Theses and Dissertations
An increasing cultural practice in soybean, Glycine max (L.), production is the use of winter annual cover crops before planting. Species of grasses, legumes, and forbs are planted for many agronomic purposes during the fall months. In the spring, cover crops are killed and soybean planted into the residue. When the termination of the cover crops is delayed for longer lasting benefits, insect pest issues can arise. The movement of insect pests from cover crops to subsequent cash crops happens through a connection known as the “Green Bridge”. Pests found in cover crops such as the pea leaf weevil, Sitona …
Temperature Effects On Soybean Vegetative, Physiological, Reproductive Growth And Development, And Seed Yield And Quality, Firas Ahmed Alsajri
Temperature Effects On Soybean Vegetative, Physiological, Reproductive Growth And Development, And Seed Yield And Quality, Firas Ahmed Alsajri
Theses and Dissertations
Temperature is a major factor affecting plant growth and development at all stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the temperature effects on all aspects of soybean growth and development. Five experiments were conducted at a wide range of temperatures under optimum water and nutrient conditions at specific growth stages. Two cultivars, Asgrow AG5332 (AG) and Progeny P5333RY (PR) from MG V with different growth habits, were used. All studies except the seed germination were conducted in sunlit plant growth chambers under optimum water and nutrient conditions. The seed germination experiment was conducted in a temperature-controlled incubator. Germination …
A Functional Developmental Genomics Analysis Of Rin4 And Exocyst Genes As They Relate To Glycine Max Defense To The Plant Parasitic Nematode Heterodera Glycines Infection, Keshav Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
The initial interaction of vesicle and the target membrane prior to their fusion is called vesicle tethering, a process mediated by an octameric protein complex called the exocyst. The exocyst connects vesicles and binds them to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate (PI (4,5) P2), located on the plasma membrane. The exocyst complex is located at the target site, helping to prepare the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) for docking and subsequent release of vesicular contents after fusion. The importance of the exocyst in cellular processes is inevitable since it performs central roles in exocytosis thereby inducing SNARE-mediated membrane …
Effects Of Cultural Practices On Soybean Nectar Production, Tyler Miles Smith
Effects Of Cultural Practices On Soybean Nectar Production, Tyler Miles Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cultural practices such as irrigation, planting date, and maturity group on soybean nectar production. Multiple interactions between different factors influences the amount of total sugar present in soybean flowers. Pod production was increased in later planted soybean, but later planting resulted in reduction in yield. Another study was conducted to explore the effects that variety selection had on soybean nectar production. Soybean nectar production was highly variable among varieties and was influenced further depending on their growing location. Later maturing varieties produced significantly more soybean pods. This increase in pod production was …
Impact Of Planting Strategies On Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Growth, Development And Yield, Shane Michael Carver
Impact Of Planting Strategies On Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Growth, Development And Yield, Shane Michael Carver
Theses and Dissertations
Soybean seed is one of the most costly inputs for soybean producers. Research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Mississippi to evaluate the impact of row spacing, planting date and seeding rate on soybean yield. Additional research was conducted to determine the optimal replant seeding rate, following a sub-optimal stand of soybean, to maximize soybean yield. These data suggest an early planting date, mid-April, at a seeding rate of 296,400 seeds ha-1, no matter the row spacing, resulted in the greatest soybean yield. No yield differences were observed for a replant seeding rate of 160,500 seeds ha-1 added to …
Evaluation Of Kudzu Bug As A Pest In Mississippi Soybean Production Systems, William Michael Mcright
Evaluation Of Kudzu Bug As A Pest In Mississippi Soybean Production Systems, William Michael Mcright
Theses and Dissertations
The kudzu bug is an invasive species to the United States, and it has recently become a problem in the southern U.S. Experiments were conducted to examine the potential damage to vegetative stage soybean, with findings suggesting that kudzu bugs pose little threat to vegetative stage soybean in Mississippi soybean production systems. Foliar insecticides are an effective option for management of kudzu bug, however, neonicotinoid seed treatments are not recommended as an effective management strategy. Kudzu bug population densities of nymphs peaked in early August in soybean, and adult densities peaked in late September. This project was designed to develop …
Evaluation Of Soybean Production Practices That Impact Yield Losses From Simulated Insect Defoliation, Benjamin Carroll Thrash
Evaluation Of Soybean Production Practices That Impact Yield Losses From Simulated Insect Defoliation, Benjamin Carroll Thrash
Theses and Dissertations
Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is planted across a vast amount of land in the Mid-Southern U.S. (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee), and yield responses to defoliation can vary. Experiments were conducted during 2015-2017 evaluating how soybean yield responds to multiple and continuous defoliation, as well as planting date and plant population. Multiple defoliation events were evaluated by defoliating soybean at varying levels at V3, V6, and both growth stages. There was no interaction between defoliation occurring at V3 and V6 growth stages, indicating that the impact of each defoliation event was independent of the other. The effect of continuous …