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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
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Habitat Use Of The Threatened River Redhorse (Moxostoma Carinatum) In The Grand River, Mi, Usa, Nicholas M. Preville, Eric B. Snyder, Dan O'Keefe, Scott Hanshue, Amy Russell, Justin Radecki
Habitat Use Of The Threatened River Redhorse (Moxostoma Carinatum) In The Grand River, Mi, Usa, Nicholas M. Preville, Eric B. Snyder, Dan O'Keefe, Scott Hanshue, Amy Russell, Justin Radecki
Peer Reviewed Publications
The resilience of aquatic ecosystems hinges on our ability to protect the native species that reside within them. The river redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum) is one such example and populations have become low enough to warrant a threatened status by the State of Michigan. An insufficient understanding of the species’ habitat use outside of its spawning season hinders the ability of fisheries managers to implement appropriate habitat protection and restoration measures. To enhance our understanding of river redhorse habitat use, we implanted 15 individuals with radio transmitters during the spring spawning run and tracked their locations over the course …
Global Civil Society: Challenges Of Security And Policing, Brian F. Kingshott, Jan B. Kingshott
Global Civil Society: Challenges Of Security And Policing, Brian F. Kingshott, Jan B. Kingshott
Peer Reviewed Publications
Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life, global consciousness; and an expectation of global societal norms and behaviors underpinned by just laws. The democratization of established and emerging nation states identified challenges of security for its citizens. Emerging nation states require a stable government supported by a comprehensive security apparatus that supports its citizenry. That support is provided by a policing paradigm that embraces the state and private security agencies. The authors discuss the challenges facing the security industry and a law enforcement community policing paradigm that is inclusive, transparent, and accountable.
Assistant Us Attorney Ella Mae Backus: “A Most Important Figure In The Legal Profession In The Western District Of Michigan”, Ruth Stevens
Assistant Us Attorney Ella Mae Backus: “A Most Important Figure In The Legal Profession In The Western District Of Michigan”, Ruth Stevens
Peer Reviewed Publications
No abstract provided.
Traps As Treats: A Traditional Sticky Rice Snack Persisting In Rapidly Changing Asian Kitchens, Rachel Schwallier, Hugo J. De Boer, Natasja Visser, Rojier R. Van Vugt, Barbara Gravendeel
Traps As Treats: A Traditional Sticky Rice Snack Persisting In Rapidly Changing Asian Kitchens, Rachel Schwallier, Hugo J. De Boer, Natasja Visser, Rojier R. Van Vugt, Barbara Gravendeel
Peer Reviewed Publications
Background: An accessory to modern developing economies includes a shift from traditional, laborious lifestyles and cuisine to more sedentary careers, recreation and convenience-based foodstuffs. Similar changes in the developed western world have led to harmful health consequences. Minimization of this effect in current transitional cultures could be met by placing value on the maintenance of heritage-rich food. Vitally important to this is the preservation and dissemination of knowledge of these traditional foods. Here, we investigate the history and functionality of a traditional rice snack cooked in Nepenthes pitchers, one of the most iconic and recognizable plants in the rapidly growing …
Native Warm-Season Grasses Resist Spotted Knapweed Resurgence, Neil W. Macdonald, William J. Bottema
Native Warm-Season Grasses Resist Spotted Knapweed Resurgence, Neil W. Macdonald, William J. Bottema
Peer Reviewed Publications
No abstract provided.
Bottlenecks In The Open-Access System: Voices From Around The Globe, Elisa Bonaccorso, Reneta Bozhankova, Carlos Daniel Cadena, Veronika Čapská, Laura Czerniewicz, Ada Emmett, Folorunso Fasina Oludayo, Natalia Glukhova, Marc L. Greenberg, Miran Hladnik, María Eugenia Grillet, Mochamad Indrawan, Mate Kapović, Yuri Kleiner, Marek Łaziński, Rafael D. Loyola, Shaily Menon, Luis Gonzalo Morales, Clara Ocampo, Jorge Pérez-Emán, A. Townsend Peterson, Dimitar Poposki, Ajadi Adetola Rasheed, Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Brian Rosenblum, Victor Sánchez-Cordero, Filip Smolík, Marko Snoj, Imre Szilágyi, Orlando Torres, Piotr Tykarski
Bottlenecks In The Open-Access System: Voices From Around The Globe, Elisa Bonaccorso, Reneta Bozhankova, Carlos Daniel Cadena, Veronika Čapská, Laura Czerniewicz, Ada Emmett, Folorunso Fasina Oludayo, Natalia Glukhova, Marc L. Greenberg, Miran Hladnik, María Eugenia Grillet, Mochamad Indrawan, Mate Kapović, Yuri Kleiner, Marek Łaziński, Rafael D. Loyola, Shaily Menon, Luis Gonzalo Morales, Clara Ocampo, Jorge Pérez-Emán, A. Townsend Peterson, Dimitar Poposki, Ajadi Adetola Rasheed, Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Brian Rosenblum, Victor Sánchez-Cordero, Filip Smolík, Marko Snoj, Imre Szilágyi, Orlando Torres, Piotr Tykarski
Peer Reviewed Publications
A level playing field is key for global participation in science and scholarship, particularly with regard to how scientific publications are financed and subsequently accessed. However, there are potential pitfalls of the so-called “Gold” open-access (OA) route, in which author-paid publication charges cover the costs of production and publication. Gold OA plans in which author charges are required may not solve the access problem, but rather may shift the access barrier from reader to writer. Under such plans, everyone may be free to read papers, but it may still be prohibitively expensive to publish them. In a scholarly community that …
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study examined how race, gender, and age interact to affect defendants’ sentences using a trichotomized dependent variable. The findings indicate that the racial and gender disparity found in sentencing decisions was largely due to Black men’s increased likelihood of receiving jail as opposed to probation. The results also show that being young resulted in increased odds of receiving probation over jail for White men and for women but resulted in decreased odds for Black men. Separate analysis of incarceration terms to jail and prison further reveal that legal factors had a greater impact on prison than on jail sentence …
Hand Pulling Following Mowing And Herbicide Treatments Increases Control Of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Stoebe), Neil W. Macdonald, Laurelin M. Martin, Corey K. Kapolka, Timothy F. Botting, Tami E. Brown
Hand Pulling Following Mowing And Herbicide Treatments Increases Control Of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Stoebe), Neil W. Macdonald, Laurelin M. Martin, Corey K. Kapolka, Timothy F. Botting, Tami E. Brown
Peer Reviewed Publications
Extensive areas in the upper Midwest have been invaded by spotted knapweed, and effective management strategies are required to reestablish native plant communities. We examined effects of mowing, mowing plus clopyralid, or mowing plus glyphosate in factorial combination with hand pulling and burning on knapweed abundances on a knapweed-infested site in western Michigan. We applied mowing and herbicide treatments in summer 2008, and seeded all plots with native grasses and forbs in spring 2009. We conducted the knapweed pulling treatment from 2009 to 2012 in July. The prescribed burn was conducted in April 2012. By 2012, hand pulling reduced adult …
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
Peer Reviewed Publications
This article explores the current status of the licensing and regulation of bail recovery agents in the United States. By reviewing state legislative and administrative codes in all the 50 states, this study found that 24 states control bail recovery agents through licensure or the imposition of other occupational regulations. These state controls include age, criminal history, and pretraining and educational requirements; some states also require continuing education and training for licensure and/or regulation. In contrast, 18 states have no licensing or other occupational requirements for bail recovery agents. These findings raise questions about the actual utility and function of …
Pheromonal Interactions Among Gametophytes Of Osmundastrum Cinnamomeum And The Origins Of Antheridiogen Systems In Leptosporangiate Ferns, Stephanie N. Hollingsworth, Eric A. Andres, Gary K. Greery
Pheromonal Interactions Among Gametophytes Of Osmundastrum Cinnamomeum And The Origins Of Antheridiogen Systems In Leptosporangiate Ferns, Stephanie N. Hollingsworth, Eric A. Andres, Gary K. Greery
Peer Reviewed Publications
Antheridiogen systems, whereby notch-bearing, archegoniate gametophytes induce maleness in ameristic neighbors, have been detected in many core leptosporangiate ferns. Previous studies have failed to detect an antheridiogen system in Osmundales, which is sister to all other extant leptosporangiates; hence, antheridiogen systems are thought to have evolved after their divergence. Detailed studies of morphological development and patterns of gender expression in Osmundales and other basal leptosporangiate clades are needed to clarify how antheridiogen systems evolved. Here, we tracked the development and gender expression of gametophytes of Osmundastrum cinnamomeum grown in isolation and multispore populations exposed to basal media (control), gibberellic acid …
Rhododendron Species In The Indian Eastern Himalayas: New Approaches To Understanding Rare Plant Species Distributions, Shaily Menon, Mohamed Latif Khan, Ashish Paul, A. Townsend Peterson
Rhododendron Species In The Indian Eastern Himalayas: New Approaches To Understanding Rare Plant Species Distributions, Shaily Menon, Mohamed Latif Khan, Ashish Paul, A. Townsend Peterson
Peer Reviewed Publications
Rhododendrons are an important, dominant, and primitive group of flowering plants with considerable ecological and economic importance found in the temperate, subalpine and alpine regions of western Arunachal Pradesh, India. In addition to aesthetic, sacred, and ethnomedicinal values, several species have commercial and social importance. Rhododendrons are one of the preferred plant species used by local inhabitants in the region. Anthropogenic disturbance associated with deforestation, unsustainable extraction, over-exploitation, and agricultural practices have collectively put pressure on Rhododendron species; as a result many species have become endangered, rare, or threatened. Knowledge of the specifics of a species’ distribution is essential for …
Estimated Change In Tundra Ecosystem Function Near Barrow, Alaska Between 1972 And 2010, M. J. Lara, S. Villarreal, D. R. Johnson, R. D. Hollister, P. J. Webber, C. E. Tweedie
Estimated Change In Tundra Ecosystem Function Near Barrow, Alaska Between 1972 And 2010, M. J. Lara, S. Villarreal, D. R. Johnson, R. D. Hollister, P. J. Webber, C. E. Tweedie
Peer Reviewed Publications
How the greening of Arctic landscapes manifests as a change in ecosystem structure and function remains largely unknown. This study investigates the likely implications of plant community change on ecosystem function in tundra near Barrow, Alaska. We use structural data from marked plots, established in 1972 and resampled in 1999, 2008 and 2010 to assess plant community change. Ecosystem functional studies were made close to peak growing season in 2008 and 2010 on destructive plots adjacent to marked plots and included measurement of land–atmosphere CH4 and CO2 exchange, hyperspectral reflectance, albedo, water table height, soil moisture, and plant species cover …
Tundra Vegetation Change Near Barrow, Alaska (1972–2010), S. Villarreal, R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber, C. E. Tweedie
Tundra Vegetation Change Near Barrow, Alaska (1972–2010), S. Villarreal, R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber, C. E. Tweedie
Peer Reviewed Publications
Knowledge of how arctic plant communities will respond to change has been largely derived from plot level experimental manipulation, not from trends of decade time scale environmental observations. This study documents plant community change in 330 marked plots at 33 sites established during the International Biological Program near Barrow, Alaska in 1972. Plots were resampled in 1999, 2008 and 2010 for species cover and presence. Cluster analysis identified nine plant communities in 1972. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicates that plant communities have changed in different ways over time, and that wet communities have changed more than dry communities. The relative …
Environmental Variation, Fish Community Composition, And Brown Trout Survival In The Pigeon River, Ottawa County, Michigan, Neil W. Macdonald, Daniel W. Mays, Richard R. Rediske, Carl R. Ruetz Iii
Environmental Variation, Fish Community Composition, And Brown Trout Survival In The Pigeon River, Ottawa County, Michigan, Neil W. Macdonald, Daniel W. Mays, Richard R. Rediske, Carl R. Ruetz Iii
Peer Reviewed Publications
The Pigeon River, a small coolwater stream in western Michigan, has a history of hydrologic, stream habitat, and water quality degradation that led to the loss of its trout population by the late 1980s. After regulatory and watershed management efforts to reduce point- and nonpoint source pollution in the 1990s, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources reinstituted brown trout (Salmo trutta) stocking in 2003. As part of these efforts, we monitored water quality in the Pigeon River each fall between 1996 and 2008, and conducted stream surveys in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the fish community and outcome of trout …
Recent Advances In The Climate Change Biology Literature: Describing The Whole Elephant, A. Townsend Peterson, Shaily Menon, Xingong Li
Recent Advances In The Climate Change Biology Literature: Describing The Whole Elephant, A. Townsend Peterson, Shaily Menon, Xingong Li
Peer Reviewed Publications
Climate change biology is seeing a wave of new contributions, which are reviewed herein. Contributions treat shifts in phenology and distribution, and both document past and forecast future effects. However, many of the current wave of contributions are observational and correlational, and few are experimental in nature, and too often a conceptual framework in which to contextualize the results is lacking. An additional gap is the lack of effective cross-linking among areas of research, for example, connection of sea-level rise and climate change implications for distributions of species, or evolutionary adaptation studies with distributional shift studies. Although numerous important contributions …
Differential Gene Expression And Protein Abundance Evince Ontogenetic Bias Toward Castes In A Primitively Eusocial Wasp, James H. Hunt, Florian Wolschin, Michael T. Henshaw, Thomas C. Newman, Amy L. Toth, Gro V. Amdam
Differential Gene Expression And Protein Abundance Evince Ontogenetic Bias Toward Castes In A Primitively Eusocial Wasp, James H. Hunt, Florian Wolschin, Michael T. Henshaw, Thomas C. Newman, Amy L. Toth, Gro V. Amdam
Peer Reviewed Publications
Polistes paper wasps are models for understanding conditions that may have characterized the origin of worker and queen castes and, therefore, the origin of paper wasp sociality. Polistes is ‘‘primitively eusocial’’ by virtue of having contextdependent caste determination and no morphological differences between castes. Even so, Polistes colonies have a temporal pattern in which most female larvae reared by the foundress become workers, and most reared by workers become future-reproductive gynes. This pattern is hypothesized to reflect development onto two pathways, which may utilize mechanisms that regulate diapause in other insects. Using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for Polistes metricus we …
Ecological Niche Modeling And Local Knowledge Predict New Populations Of Gymnocladus Assamicus A Critically Endangered Tree Species, Shaily Menon, Baharul I. Choudhury, M. Latif Khan, A. Townsend Peterson
Ecological Niche Modeling And Local Knowledge Predict New Populations Of Gymnocladus Assamicus A Critically Endangered Tree Species, Shaily Menon, Baharul I. Choudhury, M. Latif Khan, A. Townsend Peterson
Peer Reviewed Publications
Gymnocladus assamicus is a critically endangered tree species endemic to northeastern India. Local inhabitants traditionally used this species for a variety of purposes. However, rapid population declines led to the species being considered extinct, until fieldwork in 2004 to 2007 identified 14 discrete populations of 1 to 7 trees each. To overcome constraints on field surveys imposed by the region’s remoteness and rugged terrain, we targeted areas of further field inventories by estimating the potential distribution of the species. Ecological niche modeling enabled us to identify 26 sites which the model predicted to be highly suitable for the species’ occurrence. …
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
Prior research has established that children from traditional, two-parent nuclear families experience a lower risk of delinquency than children raised in alternative family structures. However, many studies have ignored the effect of parental cohabiting on delinquent development. A growing body of research suggests that cohabiting (even among biological parents) may be harmful to children. This study tests the hypothesis that cohabiting is associated with four different types of delinquent behavior. It examines two theoretical models, a family stress model and a community stress/selection model, as possible explanations of ‘‘the cohabiting effect.’’ The analysis reveals that cohabiting is generally associated with …
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
Peer Reviewed Publications
There is an abundance of studies that examine judicial discretion in the final sentencing stages; however, few have examined discretion in the early stages of court decisions. Pretrial release is especially concerning as it has been strongly correlated with a final sentence of incarceration and deprives defendants of their freedom. This study examined whether race, gender, and age influence judges’ decisions to detain or release a defendant prior to trial. The results indicate that females and younger defendants were less likely to be detained. Race was not significant after economic variables were included. When examining males and females separately, race …
Diel Fish Habitat Selection In A Tributary Stream, Andria K. Salas, Eric B. Snyder
Diel Fish Habitat Selection In A Tributary Stream, Andria K. Salas, Eric B. Snyder
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study investigated the location and diel habitat preferences (at 100 m reach scale) of fish in a small tributary stream in late spring, early summer. During the day, coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) preferred areas with more cover (deeper, greater extent of undercut banks) vs. night when LWD was preferred (Pearson correlation and step-wise MLR). Chinook (O. tshawytscha) exhibited an opposite pattern, preferring LWD during the day vs. higher velocity at night. This suggests these two potadromous species may be partitioning resources. Pooling coho, chinook and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) indicated reaches with more LWD …
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research seeks to broaden our understanding of methamphetamine’s (meth’s) place within the study of drugs and crime. Through extensive court records research and interviews with 200 offenders in local jails in western Colorado, this research contributes to the creation of a meth user profile and begins to identify the place of meth in the drug–crime nexus. The study compares the criminal behavior of meth users with other drug users, finding that meth users are more likely than other drug users to be drunk or high at the time of arrest and claim their crimes were related to drug use …
Projected Climate Change Effects On Nuthatch Distribution And Diversity Across Asia, Shaily Menon, M. Zafar-Ul Islam, A. Townsend Peterson
Projected Climate Change Effects On Nuthatch Distribution And Diversity Across Asia, Shaily Menon, M. Zafar-Ul Islam, A. Townsend Peterson
Peer Reviewed Publications
We used ecological niche modeling approaches to explore climate change implications for one family of birds, the Sittidae, in Asia. Quantitative niche models based on present-day distributions for each of 13 species were projected onto future climate change scenarios. Species’ potential distributional areas tended to be predicted to retract along their fringes, and at lower elevations along mountain ranges. As observed in other studies, montane systems were relatively more robust to the horizontal effects of climate change on species’ distributions compared to flatland systems, so range contractions were focused in Southeast Asia and peninsular India.
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
Victim–offender mediation has grown to establish itself among criminal justice practices as an alternative to traditionally retributive notions of justice. As the number of programs claiming to be restorative in nature continues to grow, victim–offender mediation programs are emerging as one of the state’s preferred delivery methods for restorative justice. Restorative practices, including victim–offender mediation, are inclusive practices. Participation is not only encouraged, it is a necessary element for victim–offender mediation to achieve restorative outcomes. Through the use of observations and content analysis of agreements produced in victim–offender mediation, this research uncovers several impediments to individual participation, including problems in …
Preliminary Analysis Of The Ecology And Geography Of The Asian Nuthatches (Aves: Sittidae), Shaily Menon, Zafar-Ul Islam, Jorge Soberon, A. Townsend Peterson
Preliminary Analysis Of The Ecology And Geography Of The Asian Nuthatches (Aves: Sittidae), Shaily Menon, Zafar-Ul Islam, Jorge Soberon, A. Townsend Peterson
Peer Reviewed Publications
We explored distributions of Asian nuthatch species in ecological and geographic space using ecological niche modeling based on occurrence data associated with specimens and observations. Nuthatches represent a well-defined clade occurring throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but are most diverse in southern Asia where 15 of the 24 species occur and where the lineage is believed to have evolved. Species richness was focused in a narrow east-west band corresponding to the forested parts of the Himalayas with a maximum number of nine species predicted present in these foci. The distributional predictions have a mid-elevation focus with highest species diversity between 1,000 …
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research assesses a potentially harmful condition among police chiefs: anomia. The article analyzes a large (N = 1,120) stratified sample survey of American police chiefs. Nine hypotheses are tested using multiple regressions. Results show relatively little anomia (as defined by Srole’s 5-point Likert-type scale) among the respondents. Data analysis reveals little relationship between anomia and the following four variables: age, being a chief in a previous jurisdiction, race/ethnicity, and internal hire. However, the analysis also reveals significant negative relationships between anomia and education, merit selection, and years in law enforcement and between anomia and size of department and tenure …
Mid-Spring Burning Reduces Spotted Knapweed And Increases Native Grasses During A Michigan Experimental Grassland Establishment, Neil W. Macdonald, Brian T. Scull, Scott R. Abella
Mid-Spring Burning Reduces Spotted Knapweed And Increases Native Grasses During A Michigan Experimental Grassland Establishment, Neil W. Macdonald, Brian T. Scull, Scott R. Abella
Peer Reviewed Publications
The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com Infestations of the exotic perennial Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) hinder the restoration and management of native ecosystems on droughty, infertile sites throughout the Midwestern United States. We studied the effects of annual burning on knapweed persistence on degraded, knapweed-infested gravel-mine spoils in western Michigan. Our experiment included 48, 4-m2 plots seeded to native warm-season grasses in 1999 using a factorial arrangement of initial herbicide and fertility treatments. Beginning in 2003, we incorporated fire as an additional factor and burned half of the plots in late April or May for three …
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study’s objective was to determine if involvement in the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) accreditation process will have a significant, positive effect on the representation of sworn women in large police agencies at all organizational levels and on the representation of women of color as a percentage of the total workforce. This study compared 193 large (100 or more sworn personnel) non-CALEA agencies with 201 large CALEA agencies. Results of this research suggest that there are significant differences between CALEA and non-CALEA agencies and that involvement in the CALEA accreditation process appears to encourage and facilitate …
Race, Performance, And Baseball Card Values, John D. Hewitt, Robert Muñoz Jr., William L. Oliver, Robert M. Regoli
Race, Performance, And Baseball Card Values, John D. Hewitt, Robert Muñoz Jr., William L. Oliver, Robert M. Regoli
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study reports on a search for racial disparities in the value of baseball cards for Black and White members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame (HOF). The study’s sample of 51 players was derived from the population of the 96 players elected to the HOF since 1936 by the Baseball Writers of America. Although the authors found that race produced no statistical difference in Black and White players’ card values, they did observe that players’ career performance plus the availability of a player’s card (scarcity) exerted a significant effect on the value of cards. The study concludes with …
Left-Sided Directional Bias Of Cloacal Contacts During House Sparrow Copulations, Karen B. Nyland, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe
Left-Sided Directional Bias Of Cloacal Contacts During House Sparrow Copulations, Karen B. Nyland, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe
Peer Reviewed Publications
Most female birds have only a left ovary and associated oviduct. The entry to the oviduct is on the left side of the urodeum of the cloaca. This arrangement may favor males that mount females from the left during copulation if it results in sperm being placed closer to the opening of the oviduct. Therefore, we predicted a left-sided directional bias of cloacal contacts during House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) copulations. Cloacal contacts from the left outnumbered those from the right 74 to 25 (3:1) during 25 bouts of copulation at 11 House Sparrow nests. While this pattern suggests …
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Peer Reviewed Publications
Transnational and domestic terrorists may employ unconventional weapons of mass destruction and/or mass contamination in their future operations against governments. These asymmetrical tactics may include nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons designed to produce panic and disruption in daily life. This article addresses several of the myriad legal and practical issues relative to potential radiological weapons. Several suggestions as to local-level policy are offered and discussed. Among these suggestions are the need for local law enforcement and policy decision makers to formally recognize the potential use of radiological weapons of mass contamination and the need to develop both protection strategies for …