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Contrasts In Oxygen Variability Of Se Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone And Subtropical Gyre, Molly M. Martin
Contrasts In Oxygen Variability Of Se Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone And Subtropical Gyre, Molly M. Martin
Open Access Theses
Two decades of observations in the eastern South Pacific show changes in oxygen concentrations and apparent oxygen utilizations (AOUs) in the lower thermocline 26.5-27.0 sigma-theta. The 2013 GEOTRACES O2 and AOU data along ~12°S from the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ; O2 < 50 umol/kg) are compared with repeat hydrography data from the 1990s to the 2010s; the recent data add detail and process information to earlier work. In 2013, transient tracer ratio ages suggest renewal times of over two decades at the core of the ODZ as compared with being at least 7 years younger at the same densities in the subtropical gyre. Related to the age differences in the two regions, we observe oxygen parameters changing in different directions over the two decades, also different processes and forcing dominate. Similar to earlier studies, we found subtropical gyre oxygen concentrations increase and AOUs decrease due to increases in ventilation between 1990s and 2013, coupled to changes in southern hemisphere westerlies. In the core of the ODZ, oxygen concentrations decrease at an annual rate of 0.2 umol/kg/yr, AOUs increase between 1990s and 2013, and the 5 umol/kg contour reaches ~300 m deeper in the water column. ODZ changes are estimated to be due to increased biological consumption, consistent with increased upwelling corresponding to increased trade winds during that period. Thus, the difference in oxygen between the 1990s and 2013 is due to - proximity of the ODZ to coastal upwelling and longer ventilation time scales in the ODZ than gyre. In the gyre, water masses are closer to their sources and ages are younger. Whereas, the ODZ is more isolated from water mass source regions, and it takes more than two decades for the ventilated gyre waters to reach the ODZ. We have shown that in the South Pacific changes in oxygen parameters in the ODZ and subtropical gyre – to date – appear to be due to independent processes and forcing acting in each region. Continuing ocean observations are needed to monitor changes in gases such as oxygen that are critical to life.
Modeling Relationships Among Psychological Distress, Eating Styles, And Hunger, Jennifer Ann Schmaus
Modeling Relationships Among Psychological Distress, Eating Styles, And Hunger, Jennifer Ann Schmaus
Open Access Theses
Hunger is an essential human process and develops through both physiological and neurological mechanisms. Hunger is driven by secretion of molecules and hypothalamic neural circuits that stimulate appetite and promote food intake. Pathways to hunger may also be influenced by higher-order cognitive and emotional processes to ultimately impact food intake and eating behavior. For example, increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, and hostility (hereby referred to as “hostile negative affect”) are suggested to increase hunger and food intake. Additionally, perceived stress has been shown to both decrease and increase hunger and food intake. The stress-induced eating hypothesis posits that, when …
Perception Of Management Success In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A Comparative Analysis Between Residents And Visitors, Charline Tina Quenée
Perception Of Management Success In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A Comparative Analysis Between Residents And Visitors, Charline Tina Quenée
Open Access Theses
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is a multiple-use marine protected area with a history of tension between management entities and local stakeholders. At the root of the issues are differences in the definition of “successful management” between these two stakeholder groups and recent administrative vacancies within the Sanctuary’s management staff have made it difficult for the Sanctuary to update its management plan. This study surveyed two primary stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys in order to gain understanding of their perceptions of successful management. A comprehensive intercept survey detailing various management objectives was presented to participants in person using …
The Plastic Crisis Goes Public: Representations Of Plastic Pollution In Environmental Media, Savannah Geary
The Plastic Crisis Goes Public: Representations Of Plastic Pollution In Environmental Media, Savannah Geary
Open Access Theses
Plastic pollution emerged as a landmark environmental issue in the last few years, and as such, has appeared in environmental media. This thesis examines the representations of plastic pollution in environmental communication campaigns, social media of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), environmental campaigns created by the advertising industry, corporate environmentalism efforts, and media from concerned individuals. While plastic materials began as a way to mimic materials found in nature, their ubiquity, heavy promotion from petrochemical companies, and widespread adoption as single-use disposables outpaced waste disposal measures. NGOs and nonprofits unite under networked environmental campaigns, invoke agenda-setting theory, and favor framing that features …
Predicting Hiv Transmissions From Syndemic Factors In A Large Clinic-Based Sample, Satyanand Satyanarayana
Predicting Hiv Transmissions From Syndemic Factors In A Large Clinic-Based Sample, Satyanand Satyanarayana
Open Access Theses
Background: The theory of syndemics—whereby synergism between co-occurring psychosocial epidemics exacerbates health outcomes—has informed efforts to quantify the risk of contracting HIV, but it has rarely been used to quantify HIV transmission risk among people living with HIV (PLWH). To improve treatment as prevention (TasP) efforts, greater insight is needed about how syndemic factors influence viral suppression and biobehavioral transmission risk behavior among PLWH. Method: Data were from 14,261 PLWH receiving care through the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems at seven sites from 2007 to 2017. Syndemic factors (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, drug use, and alcohol …
The Effects Of Coral Presence Among Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle) Prop Roots On Caribbean Fish Communities., Jennifer Lynn Wright
The Effects Of Coral Presence Among Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle) Prop Roots On Caribbean Fish Communities., Jennifer Lynn Wright
Open Access Theses
Coral reefs and mangroves play a variety of roles in the lives of reef fishes, serving as nursery, feeding, and breeding grounds. Mangroves, while often near reef ecosystems, do not typically have suitable conditions for coral recruitment and growth, though mangrove-coral habitats do occur. The distribution and extent of these mangrove-coral habitats, as well as the composition of the fish community that utilizes them, are poorly understood. In several locations throughout Bocas del Toro, Panama, many species of corals grow on and among submerged red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) prop roots. This study aimed to analyze the reef fish …
Monitoring The Potential Fish Aggregating Device Effect Of The Ocean Cleanup's Barrier In The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Briana Rose Gibbs
Monitoring The Potential Fish Aggregating Device Effect Of The Ocean Cleanup's Barrier In The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Briana Rose Gibbs
Open Access Theses
Plastic pollution is a persistent transboundary problem in the open ocean. The largest accumulation zone of pelagic plastics is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP), located in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The Ocean Cleanup is a non-profit dedicated to removing pelagic plastics using a barrier system designed to passively collect plastic in the GPGP. This study presents acoustic monitoring of the biological impact of The Ocean Cleanup’s barrier system during its trial in the GPGP between 22 October and 29 December 2018. The acoustic monitoring was conducted using commercially available echosounders to monitor fish biomass presence and absence. It …
Satellite Infrared Retrievals Of Sea Surface Temperature At High Latitudes, Chong Jia
Satellite Infrared Retrievals Of Sea Surface Temperature At High Latitudes, Chong Jia
Open Access Theses
Climate change is amplified in the Arctic region (north of 60 ° N) relative to elsewhere. By analyzing climate model simulations, it has been found that the largest contribution to Arctic amplification comes from temperature feedbacks, due to both the different warming profile in low and high latitudes and a larger temperature increase in longwave emission per unit of warming at colder background temperatures compared to tropical conditions. Satellite remote sensing offers the best way of deriving sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arctic, but given that the retrieval algorithms in the infrared (IR) are designed to compensate for the …
Characterizing The Influences Of Cultural Mindset And Linguistic Context On Responses To Pain In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Morgan D. M. Gianola
Characterizing The Influences Of Cultural Mindset And Linguistic Context On Responses To Pain In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Morgan D. M. Gianola
Open Access Theses
Language and culture are integrally linked aspects of human experience known to influence bilingual individuals’ cognition across contexts. Pain, a subjective sensation shaped by social and cognitive forces, represents an ideal system for testing the impacts of language and cultural mindset on perception. In this Master’s thesis, I sought to disentangle the relative contributions of language and cultural context to pain perception among Spanish-English bilinguals. Bilingual participants experienced multiple types of painful thermal stimulations both before and after language-congruent cultural priming, on separate English and Spanish testing days. Different pain self-report ratings were sensitive to either language or cultural context …
An Exploratory Study To Examine A Drumming-To-Speech Intervention For Prosody Perception In Preschoolers With Cochlear Implants, Jessica Maclean
An Exploratory Study To Examine A Drumming-To-Speech Intervention For Prosody Perception In Preschoolers With Cochlear Implants, Jessica Maclean
Open Access Theses
Children who utilize cochlear implants (CIs) often have trouble detecting and utilizing prosody, an element of spoken language which uses variance in the timing, pitch, and dynamics of speech to communicate meaning beyond semantics. Without a true grasp of prosody, children with CIs can miss conversational elements such as sarcasm and may not communicate effectively with others. Children with CIs match typically-hearing peers in measures of rhythm perception, but fall below their peers in measures of pitch, or melodic, perception. Evidence for behavioral and neural overlaps between prosody and music perception provide rationale for utilizing a drumming intervention to practice …
Variation Of Body Condition And Plasma Metabolites In A Population Of South Florida Nurse Sharks, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, Shannon G. Moorhead
Variation Of Body Condition And Plasma Metabolites In A Population Of South Florida Nurse Sharks, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, Shannon G. Moorhead
Open Access Theses
The way an animal utilizes and stores energy directly affects its ability to perform essential life functions (e.g., foraging, migration, reproduction), with implications for its health and fitness; therefore, individual variation in energy storage and metabolism within a population leads to intra-population variation in individual fitness and survival. Consequently, understanding the factors that contribute to variation in energy storage and metabolism within a population can aid in identifying factors that influence that population’s fitness. Compared to other taxa, there has been relatively little research to investigate the factors that govern variation in elasmobranch energy use and storage, particularly in wild …
A Network Perspective On Peripartum Depression: How Do Symptoms Change Over Time?, Lara Michelle Baez
A Network Perspective On Peripartum Depression: How Do Symptoms Change Over Time?, Lara Michelle Baez
Open Access Theses
Depression that occurs during pregnancy and postpartum (collectively, “peripartum”) is a major public health concern. The goal of this study was to examine how individual depressive symptoms and affective, cognitive, and somatic subscales change and are related to one another over peripartum time. 418 women completed the Beck Depression Inventory at each of five phases: three pregnancy trimesters, early (<9 >weeks), and late (9-61 weeks) postpartum. ANOVA was used to examine differences in symptom and subscale severity and trajectory across the phases. Network analysis was used to model the causal mechanisms underlying these changes. Severity of most symptoms and all …
Approximate Free Space Construction And Maximum Clearance Path Planning For A Four Degree Of Freedom Robot, Chloe Arluck
Approximate Free Space Construction And Maximum Clearance Path Planning For A Four Degree Of Freedom Robot, Chloe Arluck
Open Access Theses
We present an algorithm for constructing an inner approximation of the free space for a polyhedral robot with four degrees of freedom. The robot rotates about a fixed axis and translates in three dimensions with respect to a fixed polyhedral obstacle. We approximate the free space by subdividing the rotation dimension into short angle ranges, generating a three dimensional free space for each angle range, and constructing a graph for navigation in the four dimensional space. We also present an algorithm for path planning that is complete in the approximated space. The path planning algorithm produces paths that are guaranteed …
Making The University Of Miami School Of Architecture: Conversations With Faculty On Research, Pedagogy, And The City: 1983-2003, Gilda Beatriz Santana
Making The University Of Miami School Of Architecture: Conversations With Faculty On Research, Pedagogy, And The City: 1983-2003, Gilda Beatriz Santana
Open Access Theses
Architecture was first taught at the University of Miami in the 1920s, but the School of Architecture emerged as an independent institution just in the last quarter of the 20th century. The timing was critical: on the one hand, it corresponded with the intellectual agitation of the Postmodern era; on the other hand, its emergence was also linked to the dynamic particularities of its location, climate, and especially to the multi-cultural influences of 1980s Miami, a period when the city was in the process of defining and claiming a distinct hemispheric identity. To an extraordinary degree, the school’s points of …
The Effects Of A Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine In Skin Wound Healing, Marquese Noel-Mccormick
The Effects Of A Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine In Skin Wound Healing, Marquese Noel-Mccormick
Open Access Theses
Wound care and the associated morbidity and mortality as well as high cost continue to pose major challenges in medicine and society, especially due to chronic non-healing wounds. In recent years, alternative medicine has become increasingly used for the chronic wounds due to its natural origins, weaker side effects, and low cost compared to synthetic pharmaceutical drugs. This study tested the effects of a topical Chinese herbal medicine used for the chronic wounds, called “Healing Paste,” on the functions of skin cells during the wound healing process as well different strains of bacteria that commonly colonize chronic wounds. The “Healing …
Comparing Brazilian College Soccer Players’ Lived-Experiences In Brazil And The United States: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Gender, Sport, And Location, Mandeville Anne Wakefield
Comparing Brazilian College Soccer Players’ Lived-Experiences In Brazil And The United States: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Gender, Sport, And Location, Mandeville Anne Wakefield
Open Access Theses
The present research serves as a pilot study, addressing the lived experiences of male and female Brazilian soccer players who play (or have played) college soccer in the United States. Specifically, it examines how these athletes perceive gender-based support in Brazil and in the U.S. We administered a quantitative study by means of an online survey in order to conduct this research. Our results indicate a few recurrent themes, including differing perceptions of community support for different sports based on gender and location, contradicting results on participants’ perceptions of gender discrimination, perceived presumed sexual orientation, participants responses to questions regarding …
The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Empathy In Predicting Indirect Peer Aggression During The Transition To High School, Naomi Tarlow
The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Empathy In Predicting Indirect Peer Aggression During The Transition To High School, Naomi Tarlow
Open Access Theses
Indirect peer aggression is prevalent during adolescence, and is associated with internalizing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and withdrawn behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying this mode of aggression are not well understood. Deficits in cognitive and affective empathy have been linked with indirect peer aggression, although findings regarding the precise nature of this relationship have been inconsistent. In particular, gender may play a role in this relationship. Therefore, the current study examined differential relationships between cognitive and affective empathy, and indirect peer aggression by gender during the transition to high school. Furthermore, the study extended findings to cyber peer aggression, …
Development And Evaluation Of The Preschool Family Attitudes And Beliefs Towards Science Measure, Elica Bahar Sharifnia
Development And Evaluation Of The Preschool Family Attitudes And Beliefs Towards Science Measure, Elica Bahar Sharifnia
Open Access Theses
Although children are naturally curious about their world starting at birth, there are already science achievement gaps present as early as kindergarten and are larger for children who come from economically disadvantaged and diverse backgrounds. To date, much effort has focused on better promoting and effectively supporting science in early childhood classrooms. However, policy reports stress the powerful position that parents have in building on their children’s natural interest in science and the need to better understand parental perceptions of science in early childhood. Few studies have examined parents’ attitudes and beliefs towards science for their children, especially within low-income …
Hybrid Rocket Engines: Development Of Composite Fuels With Complex 3d Printed Ports, Alec William Yenawine
Hybrid Rocket Engines: Development Of Composite Fuels With Complex 3d Printed Ports, Alec William Yenawine
Open Access Theses
Hybrid rocket engines provide many advantages over current solid and liquid systems including: throttling capability, good specific impulse, and relatively low cost due to greater operational safety and simplicity. However, hybrid rockets are limited by low fuel regression rates and combustion efficiencies. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been implemented in the design, print, and testing of hybrid rocket fuels. AM has enabled design of fuel grains with complex port geometries which are not possible or difficult to achieve through conventional casting techniques. These geometries can be used to manipulate the oxidizer flow and fuel interactions to increase performance …
Ocd And Impulsivity: Considering The Role Of Emotion, Stephanie E. Hudiburgh
Ocd And Impulsivity: Considering The Role Of Emotion, Stephanie E. Hudiburgh
Open Access Theses
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition marked by recurrent and distressing thoughts, images, and impulses that are typically accompanied by repetitive physical or mental rituals. Previous research has explored impulsivity as a potential risk factor for OCD using a variety of self-report and behavioral measures; however, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. An emerging line of work suggests that emotional precipitation may be an important consideration when looking at the role of impulsivity across the spectrum of psychopathology, including OCD. The current study examined the relationship between symptoms of OCD and emotion-based impulsivity using the Three Factor Impulsivity Index, a …
Steve Reich And Canon: The Polyphony Of Influence In Tehillim And Proverb, Nevena Stanić Kovačević
Steve Reich And Canon: The Polyphony Of Influence In Tehillim And Proverb, Nevena Stanić Kovačević
Open Access Theses
From the early 1980s onwards, Steve Reich’s musical influences evolved. Before the 1980s, he drew from non-Western music and later from Western classical composers, such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Perotinus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the aesthetic shifts in Reich’s opus and also to explore Reich’s claims about changes of influence in his music and its consequences in the reception of his work. Through a close examination of Tehillim (1981) and Proverb (1995), I explore Reich’s position within postminimalism and his relation to the musical tradition of counterpoint from historical, stylistic, and analytical perspectives. I also …
Children's Social Representations Of Music, Giulia Ripani
Children's Social Representations Of Music, Giulia Ripani
Open Access Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine children’s mental images of music and musical engagements through free responses to linguistic stimuli. Participants were primary students aged 8 to 11 (N = 132) enrolled in Miami-Dade public schools. For identifying context-related differences, schools were chosen by using purposive sampling based on previous demographic information. Free responses to linguistic stimuli (music, music and me, music at school, and music outside school) and participants’ demographic and socio-cultural data were processed by the software SPAD. Correspondences Analysis was used to reconstruct representational fields associated to the stimuli. For each stimulus, a three-factor …
It Takes Two To Make A Good Thing Right: Examining The Dynamics Among Teaching Teams In Head Start Classrooms, Silvia Maria Niño
It Takes Two To Make A Good Thing Right: Examining The Dynamics Among Teaching Teams In Head Start Classrooms, Silvia Maria Niño
Open Access Theses
Teams in the workplace are common across numerous industries, including healthcare, communications, service and education. In education, teaching teams are fundamental features in school success. Teaching teams are the norm in early childhood classrooms; however, few studies have explored the teaching team dynamics and identified the effective practices that promote collaboration within the classroom, even though preliminary research suggests a possible relationship between team dynamics and classroom quality, which in turn promotes children’s overall school readiness. This study addresses the gap in the literature by exploring the relationships between teachers and teacher assistants that comprise Head Start teaching teams. The …
Crafting Americana: The Band, The Last Waltz, And A Revivalist American Perspective In The 1970s, Grant Lawrence Unnerstall
Crafting Americana: The Band, The Last Waltz, And A Revivalist American Perspective In The 1970s, Grant Lawrence Unnerstall
Open Access Theses
The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock&Roll (1980) distinguishes the rock group, the Band, and their eponymous LP stating that, “The Band came out in the fall of 1969, and there was no time more appropriate to the release of such a collection of Americana. But what is Americana? The 2011 Grammy category descriptions state that the genre is, “contemporary music that incorporates elements of various mostly acoustic American roots music styles, including country, roots-rock, folk and bluegrass resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound that lives in a world apart from the pure forms of the genres upon which it …
A Rhythmic Cueing In Martial Arts Protocol For The Motor Skills Of Children With Autism: An Exploratory Pilot Study, Hilary Yip
Open Access Theses
This study examined the effect of rhythmic cueing and martial arts on the gross motor skills of children with autism and to determine whether children with autism can learn martial arts movements. Ten male children ages 7 to 12 years old and diagnosed with autism with no martial arts experience received eight, 30-minute martial arts sessions with rhythmic cueing over a 4-week period. Each session included reviewing and learning select martial arts movements (basic strikes, kicks, blocks, stances, and movement sequences) with rhythmic cues that were provided in the form of pre-recorded percussion sounds. These sounds included: temporal cues that …
The Role Of Nad Salvage Pathway Proteins In Proteotoxicity Suppression, Andrea Ruetenik
The Role Of Nad Salvage Pathway Proteins In Proteotoxicity Suppression, Andrea Ruetenik
Open Access Theses
Neurodegenerative proteopathies result from neurotoxicity induced by the misfolding and oligomerization of disease-specific proteins. These proteopathies include polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders such as Huntington’s disease (HD), a-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, and tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease. Previous work from our lab and others has shown robust suppression of proteoxicity through the overexpression of NMA1/NMNAT and other NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes in yeast, flies, and mice. However, the precise mechanism involved in this suppression remains controversial. To investigate this question further, we used a yeast model of Huntington’s as well as in vitro assays to evaluate how NMA1 and other yeast …
Qualitative Analysis Of International Student-Athletes In America And Transition Into American College Sport By Using Hofstede's Model, Jana Ajdukovic
Qualitative Analysis Of International Student-Athletes In America And Transition Into American College Sport By Using Hofstede's Model, Jana Ajdukovic
Open Access Theses
The purpose of this study was to understand international student-athletes in their process of adaptation upon arrival to the United States and their issues and obstacles they might face. It also aims to provide universities, schools, and coaches with insights on different communication approaches with international student-athletes. By adopting one-on-one interviews, this study offers important implications on how to best communicate with international student-athletes during the process of recruitment, as well as how to understand the “American” style of management or communication by using Hofstede’s two dimensions; power distance and uncertainty avoidance and Hall’s high and low context culture. The …
Risk And Resiliency Factors Related To Dementia Caregiver Mental Health, Olivia Altamirano
Risk And Resiliency Factors Related To Dementia Caregiver Mental Health, Olivia Altamirano
Open Access Theses
Prevalence rates for dementia are expected to rise exponentially as the elderly population rises. With this comes a corresponding increase in the number of family members who will become dementia caregivers. Caregivers of people with dementia have been found to experience high rates of mental illness including depression and anxiety. Identifying risk and resiliency factors that relate to caregiver mental health is necessary to develop appropriate interventions to prevent caregiver burnout. The current study explored how family functioning (measured with a latent variable that includes family cohesion, family balance, and family communication), caregiver expressed emotion, and patient symptom severity related …
Study Of Power Minimization Of Co-Flow Jet Active Flow Control With Fixed Airfoil Geometry, Yang Wang
Study Of Power Minimization Of Co-Flow Jet Active Flow Control With Fixed Airfoil Geometry, Yang Wang
Open Access Theses
The objective of this thesis is to numerically study the power minimization for subsonic Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) active flow control airfoil using fixed geometry for the whole flight envelop. The focus is to answer how to minimize the CFJ power consumption and drag while maximizing the lift coefficient at different cruise Mach numbers and at low speed for takeoff/landing. It is important to maximize the cruise efficiency and the efficiency at takeoff/landing, which includes vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) and Extremely Short Takeoff/landing (ESTOL). The simulations employ the intensively validated in house FASIP CFD code, which utilizes a 3D RANS solver with …
Family-Related Risk And Protective Factors For Suicidal Ideation In Individuals With Schizophrenia, Daisy Lopez
Family-Related Risk And Protective Factors For Suicidal Ideation In Individuals With Schizophrenia, Daisy Lopez
Open Access Theses
Suicide is the leading cause of premature death among those with schizophrenia (Palmer, Pankratz, & Bostwick, 2005). Although suicide is avoidable, it has been challenging to identify individuals at risk. Given the myriad of challenges that individuals with schizophrenia face, they often heavily rely on family members for both instrumental and social support. Thus, family relationships are paramount to the well-being of individuals with schizophrenia. The present study assessed relationships between suicidal ideation (measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Ventura, Lukoff, Nuechterlein, Liberman, Green, & Shaner, 1993) and family-related factors including expressed emotion (EE; measured with the Five-Minute Speech …