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Articles 1 - 30 of 333
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Impact Of A Multifaceted Intervention On Promoting Adherence To Screening Colonoscopy Among Hiv/Aids Population, Pansy Ferron
Impact Of A Multifaceted Intervention On Promoting Adherence To Screening Colonoscopy Among Hiv/Aids Population, Pansy Ferron
Open Access Dissertations
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in the United States and has the highest death rate among Blacks. Whereas studies have targeted patients to increase CRC adherence in the general population few studies have focused on improving providers’ adherence to screening guidelines. Also, CRC screening studies among HIV-positive patients consistently show lower screening rates compared to screening rates among HIV negative persons. Results of screening colonoscopy studies among HIV positive patients show higher prevalence of neoplastic lesions and colon cancer is diagnosed at advanced cancer stages; these patients have shorter disease-free survival compared to HIV-negative patients. …
Comparison Of Impairments, Activity Limitations, Physical Activity, And Self-Efficacy Among Healthy Weight, Overweight And Obese Minority Middle School Children, Annabel Nunez-Gaunaurd
Comparison Of Impairments, Activity Limitations, Physical Activity, And Self-Efficacy Among Healthy Weight, Overweight And Obese Minority Middle School Children, Annabel Nunez-Gaunaurd
Open Access Dissertations
The feasibility and outcomes of a 12-week extracurricular family-based intervention led by physical therapists that was designed to increase physical activity (PA) in three Hispanic male middle-school children was examined. This intervention has limited feasibility and may increase physical activity levels for overweight Hispanic middle school children. In a second study, differences in motor proficiency, strength, endurance, and PA among healthy weight, overweight and obese children were examined, and correlations between BMI and physical impairments were explored. Obese children demonstrated impairments in motor proficiency, strength, and endurance when compared to healthy weight children. Among overweight children, higher BMI was associated …
Adolescent Interpersonal Predictors Of Early Therapeutic Alliance In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Laura B. Levin
Adolescent Interpersonal Predictors Of Early Therapeutic Alliance In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Laura B. Levin
Open Access Dissertations
This study examined interpersonal predictors of early therapeutic alliance in a cognitive-behavioral treatment study for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. Client, therapist, and observer rated measures of alliance were obtained from the third session of treatment in a sample of twenty-seven adolescents. Results indicate that alliance ratings across the three perspectives are significantly associated with one another, but that pretreatment interpersonal variables were differentially associated with varying informant perspectives. Adolescents’ perceptions of their relationships to their caregivers positively related to their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance, such that adolescents with more positive representations of relationships with their attachment figures …
A Daily Phone Diary Procedure To Assess Behavioral Engagement In The Treatment Of Adolescent Anxiety And Depressive Disorders, Carolyn Snell
A Daily Phone Diary Procedure To Assess Behavioral Engagement In The Treatment Of Adolescent Anxiety And Depressive Disorders, Carolyn Snell
Open Access Dissertations
Anxiety and depressive disorders are common conditions for adolescents and are associated with significant impairments in functioning. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment modality for these youth, and the behavioral components of CBT protocols, in particular, are thought to be one of the active mechanisms through which positive symptom changes are produced. However, few procedures are available to measure the behavioral changes taking place in adolescents’ daily lives as they make therapeutic progress. This study examined adolescents’ “behavioral engagement” throughout treatment, a construct defined as time spent in social, athletic and academic activities. Behavioral engagement was measured using …
Attention Regulation And Social Competence In Younger Siblings Of Children With Autism, Leena Mohapatra
Attention Regulation And Social Competence In Younger Siblings Of Children With Autism, Leena Mohapatra
Open Access Dissertations
Younger siblings of children with autism (Sibs-ASD) are at risk for the development of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or subclinical social and cognitive deficits better known as the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP).The current study utilized a multi-level approach to examine executive attention and social competence in preschool-aged Sibs-ASD and a comparison group of age-, sex-, and Verbal IQ-matched younger siblings of children without autism (Sibs-COM). Forty-two participants (24 Sibs-ASD, 18 Sibs-COM) completed a modified version of the Children’s Attention Network Task (ANT), with electroencephalograph (EEG) collected simultaneously, and a peer interaction paradigm with an unfamiliar peer.Overall, Sibs-ASD and Sibs-COM …
Access To Health Care And Patient Safety: A Model For Measurement And Analysis, Michelle P. Taveras
Access To Health Care And Patient Safety: A Model For Measurement And Analysis, Michelle P. Taveras
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation is to effectively understand, measure, and model the impact of Access to Care (AC) on Patient Safety (PS) through the creation of a model that evaluates their interdependence. Through the use of statistical tools and through the combination of variables that define patient access to health care and patient safety, a Patient Access and Safety (PACSA) index is developed. The calculated Patient Access and Safety index provides information to both providers and patients about the impact of access and safety on treatment outcomes. The input variables used to support this research are Patient Access Factors …
The Balloon-Borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope And Its Rebirth As A Polarimeter, Nicholas Evan Thomas
The Balloon-Borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope And Its Rebirth As A Polarimeter, Nicholas Evan Thomas
Open Access Dissertations
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) is a 1.8 meter Cassegrain telescope that operates in three bands (250, 350, and 500 μm), each with 30% bandwidth. The detection system is comprised of 280 silicon-nitride micromesh bolometers distributed on three focal plane arrays with 30”, 42”, and 60” FWHM (full width at half max) beam sizes, respectively. BLAST's goal is to study the evolutionary history and processes associated with star formation. Earth's atmosphere is opaque to submillimeter radiation and astronomical observations in this wavelength are best conducted at high altitudes. BLAST is designed to be flown above 99.5% of the …
Geochemical Insights Into Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: Proxy Reconstructions From Long-Lived Western Atlantic Corals And Sclerosponges, Amanda J. Waite
Geochemical Insights Into Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: Proxy Reconstructions From Long-Lived Western Atlantic Corals And Sclerosponges, Amanda J. Waite
Open Access Dissertations
In order to understand and predict climate in a world driven by anthropogenic influences, increased understanding of natural climate variability is vital. The doctoral dissertation presented here focuses on multi-decadal climate modes, and in particular, the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), and how it is expressed in the tropical to sub-tropical western Atlantic Ocean over the last ~700 years. Multi-decadal modes have been linked to weather around the Atlantic, and have also been correlated with the occurrence of anomalous climatic events (in both temperature and precipitation), although the relationship of these modes to anthropogenic impacts is still undefined. The study area …
Numerical Study Of Three Dimensional Low Magnetic Reynolds Number Hypersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Flows, Jaejin Lee
Numerical Study Of Three Dimensional Low Magnetic Reynolds Number Hypersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Flows, Jaejin Lee
Open Access Dissertations
Hypersonic vehicles generate shocks that can heat the air sufficiently to partially ionize the air and create an electrically conducting plasma that can be studied using the equations of single fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Introducing strong applied magnetic and electric fields into the flow could have beneficial effects such as reducing heat damage, providing a sort of MHD parachute, and generating electric power or thrust in the vehicle. The Low Diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme with a fifth order WENO scheme has recently been developed by Zha et al. [1, 2]. The purpose of this work is to incorporate the low magnetic …
Web-Based Medical Imaging Simulation System For Education And Research, Xiping Li
Web-Based Medical Imaging Simulation System For Education And Research, Xiping Li
Open Access Dissertations
In this work, a major effort has been made to establish an Internet accessible system for medical imaging simulation as a convenient service under the cloud computing environment. First, an Internet accessible, medical imaging education platform has been developed. It includes teaching and dynamic assessment tracking system for five commonly used imaging modalities. The system is integrated by the open source MySQL database software that manages updating materials and also tracks students’ learning engagements, which allow the reliability and appropriateness of the on-line teaching material and assessment methods to be optimized. The evaluation results have shown increased learning gains promisingly. …
Fulfillment In Perception: A Critique Of Alva Noë’S Enactive View, Kristjan Laasik
Fulfillment In Perception: A Critique Of Alva Noë’S Enactive View, Kristjan Laasik
Open Access Dissertations
In an apparently original and radical departure from mainstream ideas, Alva Noë argues that perception does not involve inner representations but needs to be regarded a kind of active engagement with the environment. According to Noë’s enactive view, visual perception requires “sensorimotor knowhow”: the perceiver needs to have certain perceptual skills and expectations. In his influential book Action in Perception, Noë develops the enactive view as solution to the “problem of perceptual presence,” the problem of how to conceive of “the presence of that which, strictly speaking, I do not perceive” (Noë 2004, p. 60). According to Noë, the problem …
Development And Validation Of A Music-Based Attention Assessment For Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury, Eunju Jeong
Development And Validation Of A Music-Based Attention Assessment For Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury, Eunju Jeong
Open Access Dissertations
Impairments in attention are commonly seen in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). While attention assessment measurements have been developed rigorously and utilized frequently in cognitive neurorehabilitation, there is a paucity of auditory attention assessment instruments that are ecologically valid and that assess different subtypes of attention. Yet, deficits in auditory attention can severely limit everyday functioning, negatively impact work and personal relationships and compromise personal safety. The purpose of this study was to develop and to investigate the psychometric properties of a Music-based Attention Assessment (MAA) instrument. The MAA is a multiple choice, melodic contour identification test, designed to …
The Role Of Music Perception In Predicting Phonological Awareness In Five- And Six-Year-Old Children, Linda M. Lathroum
The Role Of Music Perception In Predicting Phonological Awareness In Five- And Six-Year-Old Children, Linda M. Lathroum
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of music perception in predicting phonological awareness in five- and six-year-old children. This study was based on the hypothesis that music perception and phonological awareness appear to have parallel auditory perceptual mechanisms. Previous research investigating the relationship between these constructs—music perception and phonological awareness—has been promising, but inconclusive. Phonological awareness is an important component of early literacy which many children struggle to acquire. If the constructs are shown to be related, music-based interventions may then be developed to promote phonological awareness, thus enhancing early literacy. Music perception, phonological awareness, and …
Extended Depth Optical Coherence Tomography For Anterior Segment And Accommodation Imaging In Real-Time, Marco Ruggeri
Extended Depth Optical Coherence Tomography For Anterior Segment And Accommodation Imaging In Real-Time, Marco Ruggeri
Open Access Dissertations
The changes in the human crystalline lens shape and its internal structure during accommodation and with aging are a fundamental component of the dynamic mechanism of accommodation and presbyopia, the loss of near vision with age. A better understanding of the crystalline lens changes during accommodation will help in developing new treatments to correct for presbyopia. The goal of this dissertation is to design and develop an imaging system to study the dynamic changes in lens shape during accommodative response. An imaging system based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was developed with long axial range, high axial and …
Functional Integrity Of Somatosensory Pathways In The Neuropathic Pain Conditions After Spinal Cord Injury, Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
Functional Integrity Of Somatosensory Pathways In The Neuropathic Pain Conditions After Spinal Cord Injury, Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
Open Access Dissertations
Neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) can significantly and negatively affect a person’s quality of life and is often refractory to currently available treatments. In order to advance the field and find effective therapeutic avenues; signs, symptoms, and biomarkers in humans should be identified and related to specific pain-generating mechanisms. The present work utilizes quantitative sensory testing (QST) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate the relationship between the functional integrity of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (DCML), the spinothalamic tract (STT), and metabolic markers of neuronal loss and glial activation in the thalamus of persons with/without NP …
Micrornas As Effectors For Acetyltransferase P300 In Cardiac Hypertrophy, Salil Sharma
Micrornas As Effectors For Acetyltransferase P300 In Cardiac Hypertrophy, Salil Sharma
Open Access Dissertations
Myocardial transcriptional response to stress is critically dependent on availability of the histone acetyltransferase p300. p300 is a transcription coactivator which is rapidly induced by hemodynamic stress in the myocardium. This induction is both necessary and sufficient to drive myocardial hypertrophy in vivo. Although short-term elevation of p300 may be adaptive, sustained elevation of p300 increases the risk of heart failure. The mechanism of p300 induction during stress is unknown. The downstream effectors of p300 have been only incompletely elucidated. In this context, the role of microRNAs in regulating p300-driven cardiac hypertrophy can be of potential interest. MicroRNAs are short …
Sources Of Information And Hiv/Aids In Minority Communities Of Broward County, Elizabeth Sanchez Brana
Sources Of Information And Hiv/Aids In Minority Communities Of Broward County, Elizabeth Sanchez Brana
Open Access Dissertations
In 2008 it was estimated that in Broward County approximately 1 in 130 was living with HIV/AIDS. Broken down by race, it was 1 in 216 Whites, 1 in 50 Blacks and 1 in 198 Hispanics. Broward County had the second highest case rate of all the counties in the state of Florida. HIV/AIDS prevention remains a critical challenge and high impact prevention strategies are needed consistently to reach the most people using limited time, effort and funds. There has been little evidence to demonstrate the relationship between sources of information, specifically media channels, and risk perception and risk behaviors. …
Examining The Efficacy Of Hiv Risk-Reduction Counseling On The Sexual Risk Behaviors Of A National Sample Of Drug Abuse Treatment Clients: Analysis Of Subgroups, Lauren K. Gooden
Examining The Efficacy Of Hiv Risk-Reduction Counseling On The Sexual Risk Behaviors Of A National Sample Of Drug Abuse Treatment Clients: Analysis Of Subgroups, Lauren K. Gooden
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation sought to evaluate the efficacy of brief, HIV risk-reduction counseling (versus information only) among subgroups of substance abuse treatment clients by conducting a series of post-hoc analyses of data that were collected from the CTN 0032 trial. It was hypothesized that HIV risk-reduction counseling would be associated with decreased sexual risk behaviors in several subgroups as determined by baseline characteristics. Findings of this dissertation suggest that brief, HIV risk-reduction counseling delivered in conjunction with rapid HIV testing is not efficacious in reducing number of risky sex acts among subgroups of substance abuse treatment clients. Findings suggest that brief, …
Operant Conditioning Of Tibialis Anterior And Soleus H-Reflex Improves Spinal Reflex Modulation And Walking Function In Individuals With Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, Kathleen Joy Manella
Operant Conditioning Of Tibialis Anterior And Soleus H-Reflex Improves Spinal Reflex Modulation And Walking Function In Individuals With Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, Kathleen Joy Manella
Open Access Dissertations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) manifests signs of spasticity, plantar flexor (PF) hyperreflexia and ankle clonus, and deficits in motor function. In individuals with motor-incomplete SCI (MISCI), ankle clonus may limit independent walking function. Ankle clonus is attributed to enhanced soleus stretch reflex (SSR) excitability due to decreased supraspinal input and maladaptive reorganization of spinal reflex circuitry. We explored these questions: 1. What are the biomechanical, clinical, and neurophysiologic correlates of ankle clonus? 2. Does locomotor training improve ankle clonus and walking function? 3. Will operant conditioning-based interventions that increase tibialis anterior activation or decrease soleus reflex excitability improve ankle motor …
P27 And Metastatic Progression: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Bone Metastasis, Seth A. Wander
P27 And Metastatic Progression: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Bone Metastasis, Seth A. Wander
Open Access Dissertations
The complex PI3K/mTOR pathway regulates tumor progression via effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and motility. New drugs that inhibit the catalytic site of both PI3K and mTOR have shown promise in clinical trials. Here, we report the first use of a novel, dual PI3K/mTOR catalytic site inhibitor (PF-04691502, PF1502) in a xenograft model of breast cancer metastasis to bone. Metastatic MDA-MB-1833 cells showed PI3K/mTOR activation relative to parental MDA-MB-231. Low-dose PF1502 significantly impaired tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro without causing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or reduced proliferation. Pre-treatment of tumor cells at this dose reduced bone metastatic …
Mouse Models Of Menopause And Ovarian Cancer Risks, Ying Wang
Mouse Models Of Menopause And Ovarian Cancer Risks, Ying Wang
Open Access Dissertations
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western countries. A better understanding of the etiology and risk factors associated with this disease is crucial for the development of early detection protocols as well as more effective therapies. Epidemiological data has shown that the risks of EOC are highest among peri- or post- menopause women, while increased parity or the use of oral contraceptives is preventive. These data suggest that alterations in reproductive factors are associated with ovarian cancer risks; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying such a link remain to be understood. For decades, …
The Effect Of Combined Moderate-Intensity Training On Immune Functioning, Metabolic Variables, And Quality Of Life In Hiv-Infected Individuals Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Eduard Tiozzo
Open Access Dissertations
Highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the prognosis of HIV-infected individuals. Unfortunately it has also been associated with impaired functional capacity and development of metabolic perturbations which increases health risk. This study tested the hypothesis that a combined cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise training (CARET) intervention may result in significant health benefits in HIV-infected individuals receiving HAART. Thirty-seven HIV-infected men and women, predominantly of lower socioeconomic status (SES), were recruited and randomly assigned to: 1) a group of moderate-intensity CARET for three months or 2) a control group receiving no exercise intervention for three months. At baseline and following the intervention, …
Guidelines And Criteria To Assess Singing And Music Training In Baccalaureate Music Theater Programs, Rachelle Fleming-Deberger
Guidelines And Criteria To Assess Singing And Music Training In Baccalaureate Music Theater Programs, Rachelle Fleming-Deberger
Open Access Dissertations
Within the last twenty years there have been a growing number of prospective students interested in pursuing musical theater (MT) training in colleges and universities throughout the United States. To meet this demand, the number of schools offering baccalaureate MT degrees has also grown. However, information on how to assess the music and singing training of undergraduate MT programs is not easily accessible to prospective undergraduate students. This is likely due to the fact that colleges and universities have only begun offering degrees in MT since 1970. Research-based information in this area is primarily found in peer-reviewed journals or by …
Truth Is A One-Player Game: A Defense Of Monaletheism And Classical Logic, Benjamin A. Burgis
Truth Is A One-Player Game: A Defense Of Monaletheism And Classical Logic, Benjamin A. Burgis
Open Access Dissertations
The Liar Paradox and related semantic antinomies seem to challenge our deepest intuitions about language, truth and logic. Many philosophers believe that to solve them, we must give up either classical logic, or the expressive resources of natural language, or even the “naïve theory of truth” (according to which "P" and “it is true that 'P'” always entail each other). A particularly extreme form of radical surgery is proposed by figures like Graham Priest, who argues for “dialetheism”—the position that some contradictions are actually true—on the basis of the paradoxes. While Priest’s willingness to dispense with the Law of Non-Contradiction …
Psychological Distress, Social Support And Substance Use In Women With Hiv In Substance Use Recovery, Brian E. Mccabe
Psychological Distress, Social Support And Substance Use In Women With Hiv In Substance Use Recovery, Brian E. Mccabe
Open Access Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate concurrent and prospective relationships between psychological distress and social support and substance abuse in a convenience sample of predominantly minority women with HIV in substance use recovery. This study involved a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial comparing a family therapy intervention and a group health intervention. Participants completed the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales (psychological distress) and the Social Support Questionnaire (social support) at baseline and 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months post-baseline. Substance use over a 30-day period was measured by the Addiction Severity Index Lite, …
Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation In Schwann Cells Regulates Regeneration And Re-Myelination, Paul D. Morton
Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation In Schwann Cells Regulates Regeneration And Re-Myelination, Paul D. Morton
Open Access Dissertations
Schwann cells (SCs) are crucial for peripheral nerve development and regeneration; however, the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms governing post-injury responses are poorly understood. Activation and deacetylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) in SCs have been implicated as prerequisites for peripheral nerve myelination. Using GFAP-IκBα-dn mice, in which NF- κB transcriptional activation is inhibited in SCs, we found no discernable differences in the quantity or structure of myelinated axons in adult facial nerves. Following crush injury, axonal regeneration was impaired at 31 days and greatly improved at 65 days in GFAP-IκBα-dn mutants. Compact re-myelination and sensory fiber organization were significantly compromised at …
Checking The Walls For Cracks: Race/Ethnic Differences In Age-Related Arterial Changes, And The Relevance Of Carotid Ultrasound For Subclinical Neurovascular Disease, Matthew Scott Markert
Checking The Walls For Cracks: Race/Ethnic Differences In Age-Related Arterial Changes, And The Relevance Of Carotid Ultrasound For Subclinical Neurovascular Disease, Matthew Scott Markert
Open Access Dissertations
Despite advances, stroke remains the largest cause of disability and fourth leading cause of death in the United States. The relationship between changes in human vasculature (atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis) prior to clinical incident, and other risk factors for stroke remains unclear. This dissertation represents work towards the identification of imaging biomarkers for vascular change, focusing on ultrasound to characterize persons at risk, including differences among race/ethnic groups. This research contained three distinct projects. The first goal was to determine if changes within ultrasonographic measures of carotid vasculature could be found across race/ethnic groups after adjustment for risk factors. The second …
Predictors Of Nulliparas' Childbirth Preferences, Adriana Arcia
Predictors Of Nulliparas' Childbirth Preferences, Adriana Arcia
Open Access Dissertations
The aims of this study were to describe the childbirth preferences of nulliparous women in early pregnancy and to develop a model of the predictors of those preferences. Participants were recruited with Facebook advertisements and data were collected from 344 women via online survey. Predictors were measured using the Utah Test for the Childbearing Year. Predictors of childbirth preferences (type of birth care provider, birth setting, mode of delivery, and use/avoidance of pain medication) were tested using structural equation modeling. Conventional content analysis was employed to analyze women’s reasons for selecting the type of provider and setting they expected for …
High-Resolution Studies Of The ùA₂– X̃¹A₁Electronic Transition Of Formaldehyde: Spectroscopy And Photochemistry, Cheryl Tatum Ernest
High-Resolution Studies Of The ùA₂– X̃¹A₁Electronic Transition Of Formaldehyde: Spectroscopy And Photochemistry, Cheryl Tatum Ernest
Open Access Dissertations
Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a primary role in tropospheric chemistry. Its photochemical activity is an important source of radical species such as HCO, H, and subsequently HO2 as well as molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide. As a source of hydrogen radicals (HOx = OH + HO2), HCHO plays a significant role in the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, and an important part in the interrelated chemistries of ozone and the HOx and NOx (NO + NO2) cycles. Accurate atmospheric photolysis rates of HCHO are thus required in order to properly model tropospheric chemistry. Despite extensive studies HCHO’s spectroscopy and photochemistry remains …
Multi-Scale Patch Dynamics Of Coral Communities: A Cross-Caribbean Investigation Using A Landscape Ecology Approach, Brittany Huntington
Multi-Scale Patch Dynamics Of Coral Communities: A Cross-Caribbean Investigation Using A Landscape Ecology Approach, Brittany Huntington
Open Access Dissertations
The overarching objective of this dissertation was to improve our knowledge of the relationship between seascape heterogeneity and diversity of stony coral assemblages across spatial scales. Coral communities on patch reefs in three regions of the Caribbean were used as a model system to investigating this relationship because patch reef heterogeneity could be readily quantified within the seascape using remote sensing and image analysis techniques. I began with a theoretical approach, exploring the origins of observed species diversity among coral communities at increasing spatial scales. Hierarchical sampling and null models revealed that coral diversity was governed by non-random processes at …