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Evaluation Of Myplate Recommendations And Dietary Habits Of Eiu Rotc Cadets: A Mixed Methods Approach, Lilibeth Nevarez
Evaluation Of Myplate Recommendations And Dietary Habits Of Eiu Rotc Cadets: A Mixed Methods Approach, Lilibeth Nevarez
Masters Theses
The purpose of this study was to determine if MyPlate recommendation knowledge, dietary habits, and eating for performance influence the daily consumption among Eastern Illinois University ROTC Cadets. The sample population included EIU ROTC cadets (n=19), between the ages of 18 to 28 years old. A mixed-method approach, using a questionnaire along with focus groups interviews of six to ten cadets from all class levels, was used to obtain data. Results indicated that the highest mean score was 18.9 for MyPlate recommendation knowledge. In addition, five themes were analyzed: Inconsistency of dietary intake, High cost of eating healthy, Post workout …
Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Masters Theses
In mammals, calcium influx is required for oocyte maturation and egg activation, as it supports the persistent calcium oscillations induced by fertilization. These oscillations are required for the initiation of embryo development. The molecular identities of the plasma membrane calcium-permeant channels that underlie calcium influx are not established. Among these channels, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid, member 3 (TRPV3) allows divalent cations, namely strontium (Sr2+) and calcium (Ca2+) with high permeability, into cells, and its expression pattern seems to predict an essential role in the initiation of development. Another channel that was identified to be expressed in …
Fundamental Limit Of Analog Multiplication In Linear Discriminant Classifier, Md Munir Hasan
Fundamental Limit Of Analog Multiplication In Linear Discriminant Classifier, Md Munir Hasan
Masters Theses
In this thesis analog implementation of a machine learning algorithm, Linear Discriminant Analysis, is analyzed and shown how it performs on a classification problem. Analog machine learning has emerged as a promising field that provides advantages over its digital counterpart in power consumption, circuit area and scalability. Analog computation achieves its efficiency from the physics of device or circuit operation. This allows analog computation to operate on very low signal levels. However, low signal levels make itself vulnerable to noise. Excessive noise levels can render the machine learning system unstable and prone to making wrong decisions. To ensure reasonable accuracy …
Examining The Runoff Reduction Potential Of Highway Swales, Bailee Young
Examining The Runoff Reduction Potential Of Highway Swales, Bailee Young
Masters Theses
Across the country, the impacts of stormwater runoff are being managed through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System intended to ensure the licensee makes advances toward more environmentally-sensitive management strategies. Departments of Transportation fall within this regulatory framework, being tasked with reducing the volume of runoff as well as pollutant concentrations leaving their catchments. Stormwater runoff along highways contains pollutants which may be detrimental to local surface waters. However, the highway environment also has substantial amounts of green space. There are questions as to how much runoff reduction and pollution abatement are provided by these spaces, as their function will …
Implications Of The Internet Of Things For The Small And Medium Sized Business, Amanda Marie Smart
Implications Of The Internet Of Things For The Small And Medium Sized Business, Amanda Marie Smart
Masters Theses
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects containing the embedded capability to interact, communicate, and otherwise exchange data with one another and the external environment over a network without human intervention. As the Internet of Things begins to grow into almost all aspects of business, the small to midsize business (SMB) must not get behind. Some unanswered questions include: How will small and medium-sized businesses (SMB) participate in IoT? Have they already begun participating and what challenges have they encountered along the way? Do smaller organizations have a disadvantage compared to larger organizations in the IoT …
An Assessment Of Traits Impacting Native Warm-Season Grass Adoption By Pasture Managers In The Mid-South, Neal R. Wepking
An Assessment Of Traits Impacting Native Warm-Season Grass Adoption By Pasture Managers In The Mid-South, Neal R. Wepking
Masters Theses
In the Mid-South, Native warm season grasses (NWSG) provide alternative forage to tall fescue (TF) during hot, dry summers. However, NWSG adoption rates are low. This study will evaluate two NWSG pasture types (big bluestem/indiangrass mixture; BBIG; switchgrass; SG) for alternative characteristics that may induce increased adoption of NWSG. The first experiment evaluated the monthly forage characteristics of NWSG (SG and BBIG) and tall fescue (TF) during fall stockpiling (August-December) and winter grazing (January-April) by proteinsupplemented yearling beef heifers. Both BBIG and SG nutritive value deteriorated during the fall, but did not continue during winter grazing. Tall fescue provided adequate …
Snapshot Of Rural Appalachian High School Students' College-Going And Stem Perceptions, Pamela Rosecrance
Snapshot Of Rural Appalachian High School Students' College-Going And Stem Perceptions, Pamela Rosecrance
Masters Theses
We examined 892 high school student’s perceptions related to college-going and science, technology, engineering, math, and medical (STEMM) careers. Students were 10th and 11th graders attending three rural Appalachian high schools in the Southeastern U.S. Social Cognitive Career Theory was used to examine group differences in perceptions related to gender, perspective first-generation college student (PFGCS) status, and the presence or absence of aspirations to pursue a STEMM career. Young women and men scored similarly on all but one dependent variable, college-going self-efficacy, where young women scored higher. Students who plan to pursue a STEMM career had higher scores on every …
The Roles Of Calprotectin And Calgranulin C In Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Janette Marie Shank
The Roles Of Calprotectin And Calgranulin C In Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Janette Marie Shank
Masters Theses
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. In the developed world, campylobacteriosis is most commonly acquired following the consumption of cross contaminated foods or undercooked poultry meat, since the bacterium asymptomatically colonizes chickens. In the developing world, infection most commonly occurs through drinking contaminated water. Following ingestion, Campylobacter adheres to the intestinal epithelium and mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inflammation and inhibition of fluid reabsorption. Currently, the bacterial mechanisms behind colonization and disease are relatively unknown. Thus, it is important to identify factors that influence the development of these sequelae during and after initial C. jejuni infection.Ferrets ( …
A Meta-Analysis Of The Facial Feedback Literature: Effects Of Facial Expressions On Emotional Experience Are Small And Variable, Nicholas Alvaro Coles
A Meta-Analysis Of The Facial Feedback Literature: Effects Of Facial Expressions On Emotional Experience Are Small And Variable, Nicholas Alvaro Coles
Masters Theses
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions influence our emotional experience. In light of Wagenmakers et al.’s (2016) failure to replicate Strack, Martin, and Stepper’s (1988) seminal demonstration of facial feedback effects, a meta-analysis was conducted on 286 effect sizes derived from 136 facial feedback studies. Results revealed that the overall effect of facial feedback on affective experience was significant, but small (d = .20, p < .000000005).Approximately 70% of variation in facial feedback effect sizes is due to heterogeneity, which suggests that facial feedback effects are stronger in some circumstances than others. Eleven potential moderators were examined, and three were associated with differences in effect sizes: (1) Type of affective reaction: Facial feedback influenced emotional experience (e.g., reported amusement) and, to an even greater degree, perceptions of stimuli’s affective quality (e.g., funniness of cartoons). However, after controlling for publication bias, there was little evidence that facial feedback influenced perceptions of affective quality. (2) Presence of emotional stimuli: Facial feedback effects on emotional experience were larger in the absence of emotionally evocative stimuli (e.g., cartoons). (3) Type of stimuli: When participants are presented with emotionally evocative stimuli, facial feedback effects were larger in the presence of some types of stimuli (e.g., imagined scenarios) than others (e.g., pictures).
Borderline Personality Disorder And The Rate Of Intergenerational Transmission Of Child Maltreatment Between Mothers And Adolescents, Stephanie Brooke Kors
Borderline Personality Disorder And The Rate Of Intergenerational Transmission Of Child Maltreatment Between Mothers And Adolescents, Stephanie Brooke Kors
Masters Theses
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness often characterized by affective instability, an unstable sense of self, fear of abandonment, and difficulty maintaining stable relationships with others. Child maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor for the development of the disorder. Additionally, research has found offspring of mothers with BPD experience higher rates of maltreatment than those without a mother with the disorder. The current study examined maternal child maltreatment and intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment in the context of maternal borderline features in a sample of 41 adolescents aged 14-18 and their mothers. Results revealed that …
Sinter-Resistant Gold-144 Iron(Iii) Oxide Core-Shell Structures: Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Via Heterogeneous Catalysis, Michelle E. Lukosi
Sinter-Resistant Gold-144 Iron(Iii) Oxide Core-Shell Structures: Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Via Heterogeneous Catalysis, Michelle E. Lukosi
Masters Theses
In the realm of catalysis, small nanoparticles have been an area of interest due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. This is even more so with gold nanoparticles in that gold only becomes catalytically active with small particles sizes. Thus, gold clusters are desirable given their uniformity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and high catalytic activity. Given the nature of small gold particles to sinter, it was found to be advantageous to protect the particles using a gold-metal oxide core-shell configuration. Core-shell heterostructures have been utilized as a catalyst that is thermally stable and exhibits a synergistic effect between core and shell, resulting …
Demolishing An American Ghetto: How Neoliberalism Is Reinventing Life And Labor In Nashville, Tennessee, Charles Dean Walton
Demolishing An American Ghetto: How Neoliberalism Is Reinventing Life And Labor In Nashville, Tennessee, Charles Dean Walton
Masters Theses
The purpose of this project is to examine the adverse effects of neoliberal economic development in Nashville, Tennessee. For several years, the city has been widely praised for its rapidly growing economy, especially in industries such as healthcare and entertainment. There is, however, a contradiction built into this growth that is often left out of discussion. National trends related to deindustrialization, offshoring, and automation have left sectors of the population without work, oftentimes forcing them into the informal or underground economy. Tennessee especially fits into the neoliberal paradigm as the state promotes its emphasis on deregulation in its growing medical …
The Effects Of Retinoic Acid On The Expression Of Glucose Transporter 4 In Differentiating L6 Myocytes And 3t3-L1 Carδ1 Adipose Cells, Yan Zhang
Masters Theses
The epidemicity of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes globally has become a public health concern. Therefore, understanding interactions of macronutrients such as glucose and micronutrients such as vitamin A (VA) has become urgent. Both skeletal muscle and adipose tissues are critical for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Retinoid acid (RA) is an active metabolite of retinol which mediates the major functions of VA. RA and insulin signals have been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. However, their roles in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipocytes remain to be revealed. We postulate that insulin and RA signals may work …
The Relationships Between Self-Compassion, Self-Blame, Disengagement Coping, Ptsd, And Depression In Women Following Adult Sexual Assault, Lauren Ann Hamrick
The Relationships Between Self-Compassion, Self-Blame, Disengagement Coping, Ptsd, And Depression In Women Following Adult Sexual Assault, Lauren Ann Hamrick
Masters Theses
The present study investigated the associations between self-compassion, self-blame, disengagement coping, and PTSD and depression symptom severity in a volunteer sample of women (n = 207) who experienced one or more incidents of forced sexual contact in adulthood. The mean age of the participants was 27.07 (SD = 9.62), and the majority identified as Caucasian (85.5%). Participants completed a survey assessing trauma history, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity, depression symptom severity, disengagement coping, self-blame attributions, and self-compassion. The results from the hierarchical regression analyses showed that CSA history, characterological self-blame (CSB), behavioral self-blame (BSB), and disengagement coping significantly …
Differential Susceptibility Effects Of Maternal Sensitivity In Childhood On Small For Gestational Age (Sga) Adults' Wealth, Tobey Lewis Nichols
Differential Susceptibility Effects Of Maternal Sensitivity In Childhood On Small For Gestational Age (Sga) Adults' Wealth, Tobey Lewis Nichols
Masters Theses
Small for gestational age (SGA) birth has been shown to have adverse consequences on health and is considered as a developmental vulnerability. However, in-utero protection of the brain may not increase vulnerability but rather result in higher individual susceptibility to environmental experiences. The aim was to test if individuals born SGA are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental experiences assessed by sensitive parenting in childhood compared to those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The target outcome was economic success in young adulthood. 438 participants (SGA n = 109, AGA n = 329) were studied as part of …
The Application Of Mass Spectrometry Techniques For The Benefit Of Tungsten Impurity Transport Research And Nuclear Fusion, Jonah David Duran
The Application Of Mass Spectrometry Techniques For The Benefit Of Tungsten Impurity Transport Research And Nuclear Fusion, Jonah David Duran
Masters Theses
Several barriers prevent the capability of on the grid nuclear fusion power plants. With the research presented here, these issues are confronted and the work makes progress towards addressing known gaps in the fusion community’s understanding of material and impurity migration in fusion devices. Recent successes that were achieved during the DIII-D metal rings campaign of the summer in 2016 must continue to develop in preparation for testing on additional plasma devices. During this campaign, impurities generated from the metal tiles of DIII-D were collected on graphite collector probes. These were then studied with several techniques, and it has been …
Analog Axon Hillock Neuron Design For Memristive Neuromorphic Systems, Ryan John Weiss
Analog Axon Hillock Neuron Design For Memristive Neuromorphic Systems, Ryan John Weiss
Masters Theses
Neuromorphic electronics studies the physical realization of neural networks in discrete circuit components. Hardware implementations of neural networks take advantage of highly parallelized computing power with low energy systems. The hardware designed for these systems functions as a low power, low area alternative to computer simulations. With on-line learning in the system, hardware implementations of neural networks can further improve their solution to a given task.In this work, the analog computational system presented is the computational core for running a spiking neural network model. This component of a neural network, the neuron, is one of the building blocks used to …
Taking Back The Internet: Defeating Ddos And Adverse Network Conditions Via Reactive Bgp Routing, Jared Michael Smith
Taking Back The Internet: Defeating Ddos And Adverse Network Conditions Via Reactive Bgp Routing, Jared Michael Smith
Masters Theses
In this work, we present Nyx, a system for mitigating Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks by routing critical traffic from known benign networks around links under attack from a massively distributed botnet. Nyx alters how Autonomous Systems (ASes) handle route selection and advertisement in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in order to achieve isolation of critical traffic away from congested links onto alternative, less congested paths. Our system controls outbound paths through the normal process of BGP path selection, while return paths from critical ASes are controlled through the use of existing traffic engineering techniques. To prevent alternative paths …
A Gan-Based Synchronous Rectifier With Reduced Voltage Distortion For 6.78 Mhz Wireless Power Applications, Spencer Pierce Cochran
A Gan-Based Synchronous Rectifier With Reduced Voltage Distortion For 6.78 Mhz Wireless Power Applications, Spencer Pierce Cochran
Masters Theses
The call for a larger degree of engineering innovation grows as wireless power transfer increases in popularity. In this thesis, 6.78 MHz resonant wireless power transfer is explained. Challenges in WPT such as dynamic load variation and electromagnetic interference due to harmonic distortion are discussed, and a literature review is conducted to convey how the current state of the art is addressing these challenges.A GaN-based synchronous rectifier is proposed as a viable solution, and a model of the circuit is constructed. The precisely derived model is compared to a linearized model to illustrate the importance of exactness within the model …
Relative Abundance Of Forest Songbirds On Cherokee National Forest And The Surrounding Southern Appalachian Region Based On Analysis Of North American Breeding Bird Survey And Us Forest Service Point-Count Data, Andrew Travis Isenhower
Relative Abundance Of Forest Songbirds On Cherokee National Forest And The Surrounding Southern Appalachian Region Based On Analysis Of North American Breeding Bird Survey And Us Forest Service Point-Count Data, Andrew Travis Isenhower
Masters Theses
Managed forests provide dynamic habitats that support a diversity of bird species. The Cherokee National Forest (CNF) in eastern Tennessee provides a good case study on how forest management can affect forest bird communities. Also, given that the CNF has a wide elevation gradient; it can serve as a case study for potential climate change effects on elevationally-dependent species.This thesis used a large point-count database collected on the CNF, North American Breeding Bird Survey count data, and data on various forest management and climate variables to assess how avian populations have changed over the 1992-2015 period. Using Poisson regression, I …
Do You See What I Mean? The Role Of Visual Speech Information In Lexical Representations, Ryan Andrew Cannistraci
Do You See What I Mean? The Role Of Visual Speech Information In Lexical Representations, Ryan Andrew Cannistraci
Masters Theses
Human speech is necessarily multimodal and audiovisual redundancies in speech may play a vital role in speech perception across the lifespan. The majority of previous studies have focused particularly on how language is learned from auditory input, but the way in which audiovisual speech information is perceived and comprehended remains less well understood. Here, I examine how audiovisual and visual-only speech information is represented for known words, and if intersensory processing efficiency ability predicts the strength of the lexical representation. To explore the relationship between intersensory processing ability (indexed by matching temporally synchronous auditory and visual stimulation) and the strength …
Improving The Adhesion Of Glass/Polypropylene (Glass/Pp) And High-Density Polyethylene (Hdpe) Surfaces By Open Air Plasma Treatment, Vidyarani Sangnal Matt Durandhara Murthy
Improving The Adhesion Of Glass/Polypropylene (Glass/Pp) And High-Density Polyethylene (Hdpe) Surfaces By Open Air Plasma Treatment, Vidyarani Sangnal Matt Durandhara Murthy
Masters Theses
The objective of this study is to investigate the bonding between glass reinforced polypropylene (glass-PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces. These materials present low surface energy and surface adhesion problems. The atmospheric plasma treatment process enhances the adhesion between glass-PP and HDPE surfaces by increasing their surface energies. In this work, glass-PP and HDPE were subjected to the atmospheric/air plasma treatment by varying different parameters such as plasma intensity and number of treatments. Optimal plasma treatment conditions were then determined based on the bond strength between the surfaces after plasma treatment. Also, characterization techniques such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared …
Toward The Understanding Of Irradiation Effects On Concrete: The Irradiated Minerals, Aggregates, And Concrete Database, Mustafa Hameed Alsaid
Toward The Understanding Of Irradiation Effects On Concrete: The Irradiated Minerals, Aggregates, And Concrete Database, Mustafa Hameed Alsaid
Masters Theses
The understanding of irradiation effects on concrete has become urgent due to the possible extension of the operating life of nuclear power plants. Although there are scarcity, uncertainties, and inconsistency in concrete irradiation data, literature indicated that significant reduction in concrete mechanical properties occurred mainly due to the radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE) of aggregate at neutron fluence of 1.0x1019 n.cm-2 (Energy > 10 KeV). This fluence is expected to be reached at 80 years of operation. Therefore, better understanding of aggregate RIVE could be obtained through understanding the RIVE of its mineral composition.A large amount of minerals and aggregates …
Biomass Processing Using Ionic Liquids: Effects Of 3-Methylimidazolium Cations And Carboxylate Anions, Preenaa Moyer
Biomass Processing Using Ionic Liquids: Effects Of 3-Methylimidazolium Cations And Carboxylate Anions, Preenaa Moyer
Masters Theses
As the global transportation and industrial sectors continue to grow, fuels, chemicals, and products derived from lignocellulosic biomass have become a key alternative to petroleum-based products. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose linked together in a rigid structure. This spatial arrangement contributes to its resistance to degradation and requires pretreatment and/or separation before being processed to produce valuable chemicals and fuels. Biomass pretreatment has mainly been optimized to convert carbohydrates into monosugars. However, better sustainability is attained when the entire feedstock is utilized to produce fuel and value-added chemicals and products. To achieve this goal, an integrated …
Modeling Paleofloods In The Tennessee Valley: Calibrating The Naturals Model And Associating Flood Deposits With Flows, Hannah Rene Kubas
Modeling Paleofloods In The Tennessee Valley: Calibrating The Naturals Model And Associating Flood Deposits With Flows, Hannah Rene Kubas
Masters Theses
Flood frequency estimates for extreme flows outside of the historical record have been studied for over 50 years. However, many approaches used for such estimates lack precision and have large uncertainties. This is a concern, as accurate flood frequency estimates are critical to informing river operation organizations, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), for risk assessments and dam safety improvement projects. The TVA manages 49 dams in the Tennessee River system, necessitating extensive monitoring and modeling of the rivers and reservoirs throughout Tennessee and parts of surrounding states. Recent studies have highlighted the use of paleoflood hydrology as a …
Alternatives To Conventional Nitrogen Fertilization On Tall Fescue And Bermudagrass, Michael Dereck Corbin
Alternatives To Conventional Nitrogen Fertilization On Tall Fescue And Bermudagrass, Michael Dereck Corbin
Masters Theses
Alternatives to conventional nitrogen (N) fertilization on tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons. cv. Kentucky-31] and Bermudagrass [Cynadon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Vaughns # 1] were studied at the University of Tennessee Plateau Research and Education Center in Crossville, TN. Experimental period occurred from April-September 2016 and 2017, and the experimental design for each experiment was a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications per treatment (n = 24). For both experiments treatments were as followed: 1) control (CN) without N fertilization; 2) grass and white clover (WC) [Trifolium repens …
Academic-Related Perceptions, Beliefs, And Strategies Of Undergraduate Agricultural Students, Samantha Lynn Jordan
Academic-Related Perceptions, Beliefs, And Strategies Of Undergraduate Agricultural Students, Samantha Lynn Jordan
Masters Theses
A student’s academic success is entwined with their perceived beliefs and strategies. However, the effects of personal factors have yet to be fully explored in undergraduate agricultural students. This study aims to investigate students’ academic efficacy (AE), academic self-handicapping (SH) and skepticism about the relevance of school for future success (SR). AE, SH and SR were measured according to three scales from the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales. The scales required students to rate their level of disagreement or agreement (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). A response rate of 24% or 303 usable responses …
Experimental Investigation Of Transverse Mode Nozzle Damping, Theron James Price
Experimental Investigation Of Transverse Mode Nozzle Damping, Theron James Price
Masters Theses
Combustion instability remains one of the most stifling problems in the design of propulsive technologies. Instabilities may emerge as a result of a feedback mechanism between unsteady heat release and the acoustic modes of the combustion chamber, and these instabilities often have the potential to seriously damage, or even destroy, the vehicle experiencing these oscillations. To address underrepresentation in the literature involving transverse mode nozzle damping relative to longitudinal damping, an experimental campaign involving three nearly-identical nozzles was conducted at the University of Tennessee Space Institute. The goals of this experiment were to produce data corresponding to the attenuation of …
3d Experimental Quantification Of Fabric And Fabric Evolution Of Sheared Granular Materials Using Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography, Wadi Habeeb Imseeh
3d Experimental Quantification Of Fabric And Fabric Evolution Of Sheared Granular Materials Using Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography, Wadi Habeeb Imseeh
Masters Theses
Many experimental studies have demonstrated that mechanical response of granular materials is highly influenced by micro-structural fabric and its evolution. In the literature, quantification of fabric and its evolution has been developed based on microstructural observations using Discrete Element Method (DEM) or 2D experiments with simple particle shapes. The emergence of x-ray computed tomography (CT) technique has made quantification of such experimental micro-structural properties possible using 3D high-resolution images. Synchrotron micro-computed tomography (SMT) was used to acquire 3D images during in-situ conventional triaxial compression experiments on granular materials with different morphologies. 3D images were processed to quantify fabric and its …
A Longitudinal Study Of Anxious And Depressive Symptomology And Pain Medication Usage, Rebecca M. Skadberg
A Longitudinal Study Of Anxious And Depressive Symptomology And Pain Medication Usage, Rebecca M. Skadberg
Masters Theses
Evidence suggests that depression and anxiety may be related to pain medication use in a bidirectional manner. Understanding the relationship of these factors is of heightened importance due to the extensive use of long-term opioid pain medication therapy for treatment of adults suffering from chronic pain. The present study, utilizing a large longitudinal sample from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), examined the relationship between depression, anxiety, gender, and pain medication usage in individuals with chronic pain over an almost 20-year span. Structural equation modeling found stability of depression and anxiety in individuals with chronic …