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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
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Experimental Analysis Of Fish Sensory Systems: From Behavioural Responses To Physiological Extremes, Roselia Ayala-Osorio
Experimental Analysis Of Fish Sensory Systems: From Behavioural Responses To Physiological Extremes, Roselia Ayala-Osorio
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fishes are surrounded by various types of stimuli in their habitats which provide important information about their environments. Here, I investigated how various types of stimuli can affect the behaviour and physiology of two freshwater species: the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and the black bullhead (Ameiurus melas). In chapter 2, I tested for a synergistic response in the round goby to multimodal stimuli, by presenting acoustic, visual, and olfactory stimuli separately and simultaneously. The results showed a significant decrease in the average respiration rate during multimodal stimuli suggesting that a synergistic response to multimodal stimuli …
Studies Of Chemosensory Responses In The Pharynx Of The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus), Hasan Huseyin Polat
Studies Of Chemosensory Responses In The Pharynx Of The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus), Hasan Huseyin Polat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The sea lamprey is a basal vertebrate, and the oldest extant species with taste buds. The objective of this thesis was to study the chemosensory responses from the sea lamprey’s pharynx, which is located caudal to oral cavity and medial to seven lateral brachiopores. The pharynx contains taste buds that detect and respond to tastants to inform lampreys about gustatory factors in the environment. The location of these taste buds along the lateral surface of the pharynx was first determined using scanning electron microscopy. Then using electrophysiology, our recordings from these pharyngeal regions containing taste buds picked up responses from …
The Impacts Of Embryonic Arsenic Exposure Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Torey Bowser
The Impacts Of Embryonic Arsenic Exposure Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Torey Bowser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that exceeds safe drinking water standards in groundwater in many locations worldwide. Arsenic exposure in fish has been linked to destruction of gill tissues, impairment of growth, decreased muscle mass, memory impairment, increased aggression, and avoidance behaviors. We examined the behavior of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) following arsenic exposure during development in two studies. Embryos were collected from fish from three reference sites: Scorton Creek (SC), Massachusetts, Wells Harbor (WE), Maine, and Block Island (BLOC), Rhode Island and two contaminated sites: Callahan Mine (CM), Brooksville, Maine, and New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts. Embryos were …
Transgenerational Effects On The Microbiome Of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), Mubarak Ziab
Transgenerational Effects On The Microbiome Of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), Mubarak Ziab
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A critical emerging factor in the fitness of individuals is their microbiome, defined as the community of microorganisms found in and on the body of an individual. Despite the rapidly accumulating evidence of the significant role of the microbiome to host health and disease, there is a lack of studies partitioning microbiome variation into explanatory source components in fish, especially those relating to host genetics. To address this knowledge gap, this thesis made several contributions to estimate the transgenerational effects on the microbiome of an ecologically, economically and culturally important salmonid – Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). To achieve this goal, …
Diversification In The Neotropics – Evolution And Population Genetics Of The Armored Catfish Hypancistrus Sp. From The Xingu River, Marcella Goncalves Santos
Diversification In The Neotropics – Evolution And Population Genetics Of The Armored Catfish Hypancistrus Sp. From The Xingu River, Marcella Goncalves Santos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Xingu River, one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon River, is currently in peril due to the recent construction of hydroelectric dams, but little is known about the numerous fish species it supports. This dissertation focuses on three pleco catfish species belonging to the genus Hypancistrus from the Xingu River with partially overlapping distributions: H. zebra, H. sp. (L174), and H. sp. (L66/333). Chapter 1 is a bibliographic review of Amazonian freshwater fish diversity, with the goal of discussing the hypotheses of speciation mechanisms that can be tested in this system, including the relative importance of ecological adaptation …
Effect Of Microplastics On The Accumulation Of Pops In Fish, Stefan Grigorakis
Effect Of Microplastics On The Accumulation Of Pops In Fish, Stefan Grigorakis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Microplastic are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and commonly found in the gut contents of fish yet relatively little is known about the retention of microplastic particles by fish. Microplastics also contribute to an anthropogenic organic phase in the environment capable of absorbing hydrophobic organic compounds including persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Relatively little is known about the potential interactions between microplastics and persistent organic pollutant (POP) exposures to fish. In order to determine how microplastic particles affect the accumulation of POPs in fish, I first determined the gut retention of two types of microplastic particles (microbeads and microfibers) in goldfish. Although …
Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses To Grassland Restoration: Does The Field Of Dreams Really Exist?, David A. Schumann
Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses To Grassland Restoration: Does The Field Of Dreams Really Exist?, David A. Schumann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Landscape homogenization and the degradation of riparian areas has greatly impaired stream ecosystems throughout North America. Conservation programs may repair riparian ecosystems to indirectly improve water quality and instream habitat heterogeneity in hopes to elicit biological responses. However, focused manipulations on isolated stream fragments have rarely achieved biological goals. Prairie streams with restored riparian areas were appraised (chemical, physical, and biological variables) to quantify the indirect effects of prevalent grassland conservation practices on aquatic resources. Riparian rehabilitation, via passive methods, promoted bank-stabilizing vegetation along all conservation stream reaches. Riparian vegetation and function quickly recovered from previous agricultural disturbances at conservation …
Silver Nanoparticle Fate And Accumulation In The Aquatic Food Web Of Stream Microcosms, Stefan J. Petersen
Silver Nanoparticle Fate And Accumulation In The Aquatic Food Web Of Stream Microcosms, Stefan J. Petersen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in 25% of all nano-enabled products and applied for anti-microbial properties. Silver nanoparticles are discharged into aquatic environments through wastewater discharge, runoff, and chemical spills. Once in aquatic environments silver nanoparticles have the potential to harm aquatic organisms. While the fate of silver nanoparticles in lentic systems has been investigated, limited information is available for the fate of silver nanoparticles in flowing environments. The purpose of this study was to compare the fate of AgNPs following a one-time pulsed application simulating a chemical spill, or small repetitive applications simulating effluent discharge, in artificial stream communities …
Interactive Effects Of Pre- And Post-Natal Stressors On Chinook Salmon Performance And Fitness, Pauline Marian Capelle
Interactive Effects Of Pre- And Post-Natal Stressors On Chinook Salmon Performance And Fitness, Pauline Marian Capelle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Assessing the intergenerational effects of stress is an important factor in determining how populations will respond to changing environments. Stressful maternal environments often lead to perceived negative effects on offspring phenotype (e.g., small size, slow growth, high fearfulness/anxiety), yet these changes may better equip offspring for stressful conditions (i.e., environmental matching), showing that intergenerational effects have the potential to dampen negative effects of environmental stressors. This thesis aims to test this theory by manipulating a maternal signal of stress and measuring offspring phenotype and performance in multiple environments. I treated Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs with cortisol (low dose (LD), …
Hydroacoustic Analysis Of The Effects Of A Tidal Power Turbine On Fishes, Haley Viehman
Hydroacoustic Analysis Of The Effects Of A Tidal Power Turbine On Fishes, Haley Viehman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tidal currents help shape coastal marine environments and are essential in life cycles of many fish species. Areas with strong tidal currents are also targeted by humans for energy extraction via tidal energy turbines. The effects of these devices on fishes are difficult to predict because fish behavior within fast tidal currents is largely unstudied. Based at a tidal energy site in Cobscook Bay, Maine, this work sought to describe fish reactions to a tidal energy device, to understand the natural presence of fish at the site, and to provide guidance for future monitoring of tidal energy device effects in …
Finding Nemo's Place In A Complex Animal Society: An Exploration Of The Behavioural And Hormonal Correlates Of Dominance In Amphiprion Ocellaris, Eugene Cheung
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Exploration of the mechanisms underlying conflict resolution has been key to our understanding of the dynamics driving the formation and organization of complex animal societies. This thesis examines the role of aggression and individual variation on dominance hierarchies and the correlates of expression of cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, and testosterone on individual social status in novel size-matched Amphiprion ocellaris dominance hierarchies. Here, I report that greater aggressiveness relays higher dominance status during hierarchy establishment, as well as during experimental recruitment of highly aggressive smaller individuals into established groups. Additionally, I show that cortisol expression profiles are related to social status in both …
Tide-Dependent Predation Patterns Of Piscivorous Fishes In Shallow Estuarine Creeks, Matthew Ross Helms
Tide-Dependent Predation Patterns Of Piscivorous Fishes In Shallow Estuarine Creeks, Matthew Ross Helms
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The distribution and foraging behavior of predatory salt marsh fishes is shaped by the movements of prey, many of whom seek shelter in shallow and tributary creeks. I hypothesized that the distribution of piscivorous fishes in marsh creek channels would differ with proximity to the mouths of intertidal creeks and with tidal stage. Custom-built trotlines baited with live minnows were deployed during four discrete tidal stages at two microhabitats in main creek channels: (1) adjacent to intertidal creek mouths, and (2) along straight banks in North Inlet estuary, South Carolina. Catch-per-unit-effort of predatory fishes was significantly higher (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, …
Assessing The Accuracy Of Fish-Based Indicators Of Biological Condition In Coastal Wetlands Of The Great Lakes, Jeffrey D. Buckley
Assessing The Accuracy Of Fish-Based Indicators Of Biological Condition In Coastal Wetlands Of The Great Lakes, Jeffrey D. Buckley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Assessing the quality of biological communities is important in the management of Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands. Biological indicator models can be used to quantify the condition of biotic communities. A number of biological indicators have been developed for use with fish communities in Great Lakes Coastal wetlands. The overall goal of this thesis was to assess the performance of various biological indicators in their ability to identify degradation in wetland fish communities. Biological indicators were assessed with respect to the disturbance gradient against which they was originally derived. Subsequently, the models' utility as diagnostic tools was assessed for use in …
Non-Steady State Mercury Bioaccumulation And Dynamics, Rachel Abma
Non-Steady State Mercury Bioaccumulation And Dynamics, Rachel Abma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study explored Hg bioaccumulation with age in three Lake Huron lake trout populations, considering effects of growth and trophic dynamics. Hg concentrations and stable isotopes were measured in trout, smelt, round goby, zooplankton and zebra mussels. Trout populations demonstrated exponentially increasing Hg concentrations with age and revealed basin-specific accumulation patterns. High biomagnification Factor (BMF) correlated with low prey densities suggest that physiological and ecological factors regulating fish growth rates such as foraging efficiencies are important in regulating Hg bioaccumulation. Physiological processes affect Hg bioaccumulation, specifically elimination dynamics. Hg in liver, gonads, dorsal muscle, and remaining carcass in pre-spawn, spawning, …
Ecology Of Glacial Relict Fishes In South Dakota's Sandhills Region, Eli Felts
Ecology Of Glacial Relict Fishes In South Dakota's Sandhills Region, Eli Felts
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Native stream fish zoogeography has changed substantially across North America during the last century as habitat degradation, stream fragmentation and introductions of nonnative species have led to numerous extinctions, extirpations and altered distributions. Insufficient information regarding imperiled species often results in reactive, rather than proactive, management, and knowledge of species status and ecology is critical in identifying conservation priorities. South Dakota populations of three dace species (northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos, finescale dace Chrosomus neogaeus, and pearl dace Margariscus margarita) are relict of Pleistocene Glaciation and are isolated from the northern core of their distribution, but little information exists regarding …
The Correlation Of The Concentration Of Selected Metals Determined In Water And Fish Samples From A Public Pond., Paula Kay Edwards
The Correlation Of The Concentration Of Selected Metals Determined In Water And Fish Samples From A Public Pond., Paula Kay Edwards
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured in water, and fish samples caught from the pond at Fishery Park in Unicoi County, TN. The water samples were collected once a week for 8 weeks. The amounts of metals in the muscle tissues, gill, and liver of the two fish species were measured. This was to determine if any correlation exists between the metal contents in water and those in the fish samples. The concentration ranges for the heavy metals found in the water samples are as follows: Zn 0.04-0.13; Cu, 0.00-0.00; Pb, 0.00-0.59; Cd, …
Sauger Population Ecology In Three Missouri River Mainstem Reservoirs, Brian D. S. Graeb
Sauger Population Ecology In Three Missouri River Mainstem Reservoirs, Brian D. S. Graeb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sauger Sander canadensis populations have experienced widespread declines across much of their range. Factors suspected to contribute to these declines include hybridization, exploitation, loss of spawning areas, and general habitat alterations associated with regulated rivers. Several sauger populations within the Missouri River basin are also experiencing similar declines, particularly in the headwaters of Montana, and the lower basin states of Nebraska and Missouri. However, sauger populations in many of the reservoirs in South Dakota (between Montana and the lower basin) have relatively stable populations. Given the paucity of information on factors influencing sauger population ecology in general, and Missouri River …
The Fresh-Water Fishes Of Maine, Flavia Lucile Richardson
The Fresh-Water Fishes Of Maine, Flavia Lucile Richardson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this investigation is to determine the present status of the fish fauna of Maine. Data assembled during the course of this study includes descriptions of native and introduced species, records concerning their present distribution, and the extent of the official introduction of non-indigenous species. From this material may be derived conclusions respecting the survival of the introduced species and the probable capacity of the native species to successfully compete with them. Through the use of descriptive material assembled during the investigation of species it has been possible to construct a key as an aid in identifying any …