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Cultural Experience, Possible Selves And Subjective Well-Being Among Anishnaabe Youth, Graham G. Trull
Cultural Experience, Possible Selves And Subjective Well-Being Among Anishnaabe Youth, Graham G. Trull
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aboriginal youth in Canada face a number of economic, health and social challenges, while being one of the fastest-growing segments of the country's population. Researchers have suggested that involvement in positive cultural experiences can be beneficial to the well-being of these youth. However, past research has not defined the types of cultural experience that are most impactful, or the areas of well-being that are affected. As well, no research has investigated the role that cultural experience may have on the views of the future among Aboriginal youth, or how these views may impact well-being. Working together with Walpole Island First …
The Influence Of Weather And Ambient Light On The Dawn Chorus Start Times Of North Temperate Birds, Adrianna Bruni
The Influence Of Weather And Ambient Light On The Dawn Chorus Start Times Of North Temperate Birds, Adrianna Bruni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The dawn chorus is a bout of increased song output performed by birds prior to sunrise during the breeding season. Although nearly ubiquitous among avian species, the dawn chorus is poorly understood compared to daytime song. Little is known about how extrinsic variables influence dawn chorus performance. In this thesis, I measured relationships between dawn chorus start times and moon brightness, cloud cover, precipitation, ambient temperature, and artificial light exposure in a community of north temperate birds. I found that birds begin their dawn choruses significantly earlier with increasing moon brightness and ambient temperature, and significantly later with presence of …
Influencing Cross-Race Eyewitness Identification Accuracy Using Photographic Lineup Procedures, Lisa Pascal
Influencing Cross-Race Eyewitness Identification Accuracy Using Photographic Lineup Procedures, Lisa Pascal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The elimination lineup was created to improve children's eyewitness identification accuracy, but recent research suggests that it may be suitable for use with adults. However, there is a lack of research on its robustness, particularly for cross-race identifications which are known to result in poor accuracy. There is also limited research investigating how lineup procedures affect cross-race identifications. The current study sought to explore how lineup procedures affect same- and other-race identifications, and investigate whether lineup procedures can moderate the cross-race effect. White participants watched a video of a White or Chinese male stealing money and were asked to identify …
Effects Of Puberty Onset On Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) Symptoms In Female University Students, Dragana Ostojic
Effects Of Puberty Onset On Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) Symptoms In Female University Students, Dragana Ostojic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite the growing evidence that circulating sex hormones during puberty may help explain the subtle sex differences that exist in the symptom profile, neuropathology and clinical sequelae of ADHD, there is limited research in this area. The current study investigated how the timing of female pubertal maturation influences the extent of ADHD symptoms in a non-clinical female undergraduate sample (N=253). Participants completed a set of self-report rating scales examining pubertal onset, and ADHD symptoms and related deficits. Using logistic regression models, difficulties in attention, emotion regulation, psychosocial functioning and more risky behaviour were shown to significantly help classify those who …
Her Choice, Her Voice: An Exploration Of Women Centred Health Care, Barat Jade Wolfe
Her Choice, Her Voice: An Exploration Of Women Centred Health Care, Barat Jade Wolfe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Patient perspectives are increasingly acknowledged as key indicators of health care quality, and the utilization of health services. Given the recent cutbacks to women's health services and governing organizations in Ontario, women's perspectives are particularly important to help understand the impact of these decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how women centred care was being employed in Ontario women's health centres, and to explore women's experiences with this paradigm of care. Four directors of women's health centres completed an online survey to assess the extent to which Hills and Mullett's (2005) women centred mandate was …
Belief And Emotion Correlates With Changes In Attitude As A Result Of Suggestion, Alexander Maurice Wilson
Belief And Emotion Correlates With Changes In Attitude As A Result Of Suggestion, Alexander Maurice Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Prior research has shown that suggestion can influence believe in the occurrence of the event as well as other attitudes that are related to the object of the suggestion. While researchers have proposed autobiographical belief as a mechanism for the change in attitudes, this hypothesis has not been tested. The current study aimed to determine whether autobiographical belief accounts for the change in attitudes toward a food as a result of suggesting a childhood food-related illness. One hundred and thirty psychology undergraduates participated in the two-part randomized experiment. Contrary to predictions, autobiographical belief did not directly account for the changes …
Attentional Processes Associated With Victimization History And Posttraumatic Symptomatology In Women Exposed To Intimate Partner Violence, Ryan B. Matlow
Attentional Processes Associated With Victimization History And Posttraumatic Symptomatology In Women Exposed To Intimate Partner Violence, Ryan B. Matlow
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) puts women at risk for severe and chronic physical and mental health consequences, including elevations in IPV-related psychopathology and increased risk for future victimization. Previous research has examined attention as one of the key information processing mechanisms associated with elevated psychopathology and risk for victimization; however, the nature of attentional processing in response to IPV-related information in women exposed to IPV is poorly understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to further understanding of associations between attentional processing, IPV exposure, and related distress using measures of eye movement and subjective interpretations of IPV-related information. A …
Inhibitory Control And Source Monitoring: A Developmental Investigation Into Memory For Recently Witnessed Events, Dana Maryse Shapero
Inhibitory Control And Source Monitoring: A Developmental Investigation Into Memory For Recently Witnessed Events, Dana Maryse Shapero
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research has demonstrated that younger children experience difficulty monitoring the source of information and, accordingly, have disproportionately more difficulty accurately recalling details of witnessed events. Within age variability in memory performance, however, suggests that chronological age may not be the only nor the best predictor of source monitoring ability. The present study examined whether inhibitory control (IC) better accounts for variations in the ability to monitor the source of retrieved information than chronological age. Ninety-five children aged 4 to 10 years engaged in a source monitoring task designed to evaluate their ability to accurately identify what information they had witnessed …
Childhood Abuse Survivors' Experience Of Self Over The Course Of Emotion Focused Therapy For Trauma: A Qualitative Analysis, Elisabeth Sylvia Heide Mundorf
Childhood Abuse Survivors' Experience Of Self Over The Course Of Emotion Focused Therapy For Trauma: A Qualitative Analysis, Elisabeth Sylvia Heide Mundorf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study is a qualitative approach to understanding how childhood abuse survivors experience and describe their sense of self, as well as how this experience of self changes over the course of therapy. Participants of the present study were adult clients engaging in Emotion Focused Therapy for Trauma (EFTT; Paivio &Pascual-Leone, 2010) to address psychological effects of childhood maltreatment. The data source was audio-recorded therapy sessions in which clients discussed their experiences of self. The author identified and selected excerpts from these therapy sessions that contained client statements about their experience of self (e.g., perceptions and feelings about oneself, sense …
Ptsd, Depression, And Substance Abuse Symptoms In Women Exposed To Intimate Partner Abuse, Claire L. Hebenstreit
Ptsd, Depression, And Substance Abuse Symptoms In Women Exposed To Intimate Partner Abuse, Claire L. Hebenstreit
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study explores relationships among several established correlates of trauma in women exposed to intimate partner abuse (IPA), including PTSD, depression, and dissociation symptoms as well as alcohol use as well as other trauma-related variables, such as social support and violence exposure. Two analysis methods were utilized: variable-oriented methods, which examine relationships between variables, and person-oriented analysis methods, which examine groupings of participants within a larger sample (N = 233). Results of the variable-oriented analyses indicated positive links among depression, PTSD, dissociation, and alcohol use in women exposed to IPA, as well as positive links between the aforementioned …
Examining The Alliance-Outcome Relationship: Reverse Causation, Third Variables, And Treatment Phase Artifacts, John Paul M. Reyes
Examining The Alliance-Outcome Relationship: Reverse Causation, Third Variables, And Treatment Phase Artifacts, John Paul M. Reyes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Psychotherapy research reveals consistent associations between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes in the youth and adult literatures. Despite these consistent findings, prospective associations are not sufficient to support the claim that the alliance is a change mechanism in psychotherapy. The current study examined the direction of effect of the alliance-outcome relationship, the contribution of early symptom change in treatment to the development of therapeutic alliance, and the potential for pretreatment interpersonal functioning characteristics to be third variables that account for the association between alliance and outcome. Participants were adolescents with depression and a history of interpersonal trauma that presented to …
Mental Health Literacy Of Latina Women In The United States For Their School-Aged Children, Annarheen S. Pineda
Mental Health Literacy Of Latina Women In The United States For Their School-Aged Children, Annarheen S. Pineda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite known mental health (MH) disparities faced by Latino children relative to children from other minority groups of similar socioeconomic status (SES), little is known about how Latina mothers make MH decisions for their children. The present study examined links between Latina mothers' mental health literacy (MHL), including the recognition of and response to child psychiatric symptoms, and maternal acculturation factors as well as interpersonal violence (IPV) related symptomatology. Participants were 80 Latina mothers from Denver, Colorado and Modesto, California with at least one child between the ages of 8-12 years. Mothers were presented vignettes depicting child internalizing and externalizing …
Embodied Properties Of Semantic Knowledge Acquired From Natural Language, Kevin K. Durda
Embodied Properties Of Semantic Knowledge Acquired From Natural Language, Kevin K. Durda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The symbol interdependency hypothesis (Louwerse, 2007, 2008) posits that word meaning is dependent upon two sources of information: embodied or grounded knowledge, obtained from observation of and interaction with the physical world, and symbolic or co-occurrence information, gleaned from experience with how words are used together in written and spoken language. This theory assumes that embodied properties of objects influence the statistical structure of language to such an extent that the embodied properties become partially encoded within the structure of language. The work presented in this dissertation provides support for the symbol interdependency hypothesis by demonstrating that grounded knowledge (in …
Training Terminology On Perceptions Of Women Who Engage In Muscle Strengthening Activities, Brittany E. Cooper
Training Terminology On Perceptions Of Women Who Engage In Muscle Strengthening Activities, Brittany E. Cooper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined the impact of muscle strengthening terminology on impressions formed of female exercisers, in addition to the influence of participant impression motivation and BSRI category on ratings of personality and physical attributes. Male and female participants ( N = 265, M age = 21.23) were presented with one of four vignettes describing a female target (weight trainer, resistance trainer, strength trainer, control). Participants then rated the target on personality and physical characteristics. Results indicated no significant differences among ratings of target types ( p > .05). Moreover, the participants' impression motivation did not influence target ratings ( p …
Photograph Type And Content Influences Memory Retrieval Models That Are Too Broad, Too Tight, Or Just Right, Joanna Hessen Kayfitz
Photograph Type And Content Influences Memory Retrieval Models That Are Too Broad, Too Tight, Or Just Right, Joanna Hessen Kayfitz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research to date suggests that non-event-specific photo/narrative pairings produce higher false memory rates than do event-specific photos. The former differ from the latter in that the former provide relevant imagery but omit the specific event to be recalled, thereby promoting novel imaginings and increasing the likelihood of false memories. Two studies sought to determine which type of photograph constitutes a superior retrieval cue. The first study explored the role of how the photograph was framed upon presentation. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to conditions as follows: 1) narrative alone, 2) narrative plus photograph introduced as having been taken during the …
Body Surveillance As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Fat Stereotypes And Body Dissatisfaction In Normal Weight Women, Jean Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the moderating effect of body surveillance on the relationship between fat stereotyping and body dissatisfaction in normal weight women. Undergraduate participants (N = 301) completed online measures assessing explicit and implicit fat stereotyping, body surveillance, and body dissatisfaction. Neither explicit nor implicit fat stereotyping significantly predicted body dissatisfaction. Further, body surveillance did not moderate the relationship between either explicit or implicit fat stereotypes and body dissatisfaction. However, post-hoc analyses examining Caucasian participants (N = 224) found differing results. Specifically, body surveillance significantly moderated the relationship between explicit fat stereotyping and body dissatisfaction. Higher explicit fat stereotypes predicted …
Lexical Representation And Processing In Cross-Script Urdu-English Bilinguals: The Case Of Frequency-Balanced And Frequency-Unbalanced Cognates And Noncognates, Quratulain H. Khan
Lexical Representation And Processing In Cross-Script Urdu-English Bilinguals: The Case Of Frequency-Balanced And Frequency-Unbalanced Cognates And Noncognates, Quratulain H. Khan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The overall goal of this study was to examine the nature of lexical access and representation of frequency-balanced and frequency-unbalanced cognate and noncognate words in a previously unexamined cross-script language pair. More specifically, Experiment 1 was designed to determine if the cognate advantage obtained for same-script languages in the simple lexical decision task will also be obtained for the Urdu-English language pair. Both facilitation and inhibition effects were obtained for cognate words when participants were tested in English. This indicated nonselective lexical access and interconnectivity of the bilingual mental lexicon. However, when participants were tested in Urdu, a statistically significant …
Discovering The Meaning Of Leadership: A First Nations Exploration, Twiladawn Stonefish
Discovering The Meaning Of Leadership: A First Nations Exploration, Twiladawn Stonefish
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the relationship among implicit leadership preferences, values, and acculturation (heritage/mainstream) from a Native Canadian perspective (N = 103), testing the following hypotheses: Worldviews will predict degree of acculturation; degree of acculturation will correlate with a preference for leadership styles; worldviews will predict leadership preference; and acculturation mediates the relationship between values and leadership preferences. The results revealed that this sample strongly endorses heritage culture, but also maintains strong connections to mainstream society; however, cultural associations were predicted by different values. A preliminary examination of the value structure and acculturative strategies of this sample provides insight into Native …
Critical Factors Predicting Willingness To Seek Professional Treatment And Informal Support Among Frequent Gamblers, David Han Zhang Liang
Critical Factors Predicting Willingness To Seek Professional Treatment And Informal Support Among Frequent Gamblers, David Han Zhang Liang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Professional treatment services for problem gambling are vastly underutilized, while help-seeking through informal support networks has been understudied. The key determinants of help-seeking in problem gamblers are not well understood, in large part because of the lack of a theoretical framework to elucidate the help-seeking process in this population. The present study tested a revised version of the Andersen Behavioural Model using structural equation modeling in a heterogeneous sample of at-risk gamblers. Variables that were included fell into the Andersen Behavioural Model's framework of Predisposing Factors (attitudes toward professional and informal help-seeking), Enabling Factors (perceived barriers to treatment and social …
Voices From Liminal Spaces: Narratives Of Unacknowledged Rape, Dusty Jane Johnstone
Voices From Liminal Spaces: Narratives Of Unacknowledged Rape, Dusty Jane Johnstone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The phenomena of unacknowledged rape has been well documented in the empirical literature on sexual assault, and it has been found that a substantial number of women who have experiences that would legally constitute rape or sexual assault choose not to name it as such. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how women who have not acknowledged discuss their experiences in the absence of the labels of rape and sexual assault, and also to examine what influences how they do conceptualize their coercive experiences. Interviews were conducted with ten women from the University of Windsor who reported experiences …
Rats' (Rattus Norvegicus) Encoding And Retrieval Of Spatial And Non-Spatial Environmental Features In A Foraging Task, Corrine Nicole Keshen
Rats' (Rattus Norvegicus) Encoding And Retrieval Of Spatial And Non-Spatial Environmental Features In A Foraging Task, Corrine Nicole Keshen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Animals use various spatial and non-spatial cues when navigating the environment. They can use spatial cues such as a landmark's local position, global position and orientation, or they can use a landmark's non-spatial featural information. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to determine the conditions under which rats process information separately or simultaneously; 2) to determine how rats process stimuli when previously fixed information becomes more variable; 3) to determine whether animals can use spatial information when a previously encoded non-spatial cue is occasionally eliminated. The results obtained from this research suggest that rats use two different types of …
Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Potential Mediator Of The Impulsivity-Antisocial Behaviour Relation, Andrew A. White
Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Potential Mediator Of The Impulsivity-Antisocial Behaviour Relation, Andrew A. White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the hypothesis that callous-unemotional traits mediate the relation between impulsivity and antisocial behaviour in an undergraduate, emerging adult sample. Participants (n=181) provided demographic information and completed a computerized battery of questionnaires and tasks addressing personality and behaviour. Total scores on the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) and Self-Report Delinquency Scale (SRD) were used as indicators of callous-unemotionality and antisociality, respectively. Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was calculated from a stop-signal task as an indicator of impulsivity. A stepwise multiple regression showed that the best combination of predictors for antisocial behaviour was having a mother whose highest level …
The Contribution Of Therapist Empathy To Client Engagement And Outcome In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Complex Trauma, Ashley Mlotek
The Contribution Of Therapist Empathy To Client Engagement And Outcome In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Complex Trauma, Ashley Mlotek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study tested a partial mediation model of change in emotion-focused therapy for complex trauma (EFTT), such that therapist empathy during the first therapy session contributes to client emotional engagement with trauma material, which in turn, contributes to client outcome (trauma symptoms and abuse resolution). Archival data (videotaped treatment sessions and self-report measures) collected for an outcome study (Paivio, Jarry, Chagigiorgis, Hall, &Ralston, 2010) were utilized. Clients were men (n=16) and women (n=22) who were dealing with issues related to childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; emotional neglect). The degree of therapist empathy was rated using the Measure …
Seeking Help For Psychological Distress: The Role Of Acculturation, Family Relationships, Coping, And Stigma Among Latin Americans In Canada, Alma E. Roldan-Bau
Seeking Help For Psychological Distress: The Role Of Acculturation, Family Relationships, Coping, And Stigma Among Latin Americans In Canada, Alma E. Roldan-Bau
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present research investigated help-seeking intentions among Latin American adults living in Canada. Path analysis was utilized to test the utility of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) to explain help-seeking in this population. The impact of various additional variables, including stigma, perceived barriers, and cultural variables (e.g., familism, acculturation, coping) was also examined. The sample consisted of 223 Latin American adults living in Canada. Participants had the option to complete the study questionnaire online or in a paper format and in their language of choice (i.e., English or Spanish). Qualitative data were collected using an …
Psychosocial Risks And Decision-Making Processes In Emerging Adults, Tatiana Nedecheva Carreira
Psychosocial Risks And Decision-Making Processes In Emerging Adults, Tatiana Nedecheva Carreira
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The study examined whether the pattern of relations between rational and intuition-based decisionmaking processes, psychosocial background variables, and risky behaviours in emerging adults supports the analytical-experiential theory (Klaczynski, 2001a, 2001b), which highlights the role of the rational process, or the fuzzy-trace theory (Reyna &Brainerd, 1992), which highlights the role of the intuition-based process in optimal decision-making. Additionally, the study compared the think-aloud and self-report methods of measuring decision-making processes. One-hundred and twenty five undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 21 years completed online questionnaires reporting on their demographic characteristics, communication with their parents, risk and protective factors, risky …
How Do We Know What Emotion To Show: The Influence Of Culture And Relational Context On Display Rules In The Workplace, Joanna M. Kraft
How Do We Know What Emotion To Show: The Influence Of Culture And Relational Context On Display Rules In The Workplace, Joanna M. Kraft
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Display rules are an important and often overlooked aspect of emotional labour, a process which occurs when how we regulate and display our emotion is based on rules created by the organization. Only a limited number of studies have examined display rules within this context (Diefendorff & Greguras, 2009; Grosserand & Diefendorff, 2005; Gullekson & Vancouver, 2010; Mann, 2007). The current study examined display rules on both a part-time and full-time sample to examine how these rules may change across discrete emotions, work specific targets (e.g., internal customers such as supervisors, coworkers, and subordinates; and external customers or clients), and …
Young Children's Emotion Regulation And Social Skills: The Role Of Maternal Emotional Socialization And Mother-Child Interactional Synchrony, Holly Ambrose
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined parent-child interactional synchrony and parents' socialization of emotion as predictors of young children's social and emotional functioning. Participants were 136 children aged 3 to 6 years (80 males, 56 females) and their mothers. Mothers' reports of their typical reactions to their children's negative emotional expressions and of their children's emotion regulation and social skills were attained. Mother-child dyads engaged in a free play task and a structured teaching task that were coded for interactional synchrony. Results revealed that mothers' distress reactions to children's negative emotions predicted emotion regulation difficulties in children, while mothers' minimizing reactions predicted …
Dyadic Perfectionism, Communication Patterns And Relationship Quality In Couples, Anna Arcuri
Dyadic Perfectionism, Communication Patterns And Relationship Quality In Couples, Anna Arcuri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Maladaptive dyadic perfectionism and couples' negative communication patterns, particularly demandwithdraw and mutual avoidance-withholding patterns of communication, are among various factors that are associated with poor relationship quality. Individuals high in maladaptive dyadic perfectionism are inclined to believe that their romantic partner's performance always falls short of their high ideal expectations. Informed by Robins and Boldero's (2003) relational discrepancy theory, this study was designed to assess three primary questions: (a) How does maladaptive dyadic perfectionism relate to perceived relationship quality for both partners?; (b) How does maladaptive dyadic perfectionism relate to negative communication patterns between romantic partners?; and (c) Do negative …
Modeling The Multidimensional Nature Of Impulsivity And Its Relation To Functional Outcomes, Bojana Knezevic
Modeling The Multidimensional Nature Of Impulsivity And Its Relation To Functional Outcomes, Bojana Knezevic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present studies examined the role that impulsivity plays in personality development and emotion dysregulation both concurrently and longitudinally. The three studies utilized two extant (secondary) datasets as well as new data collection with a Canadian undergraduate sample. First, data from the Block and Block dataset were used to assess the relations between impulsivity and personality development across the life span. Next, the lifelong relation between impulsivity and emotion dysregulation was examined using the Simmons Longitudinal Study dataset. Finally, 175 undergraduate students were administered multiple measures associated with impulsivity. The aim was to use measures across theoretical orientations to explore …
Narrative Identity Development: Integrating Sibling Conflict Into The View Of The Self, Ashley Paterson
Narrative Identity Development: Integrating Sibling Conflict Into The View Of The Self, Ashley Paterson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to examine how sibling conflicts are processed and integrated into emerging adults' narrative identity. A total of 238 participants completed questionnaires and wrote about a sibling conflict. Fifty-five siblings of participants also completed the study allowing for a sample of 55 sibling pairs. Qualitative exploration indicated that the causes of sibling conflicts were related to the developmental tasks of the emerging adult participants (Arnett, 2004), suggesting that siblings use conflicts as opportunities to negotiate developmental challenges. Data from the total sample of non-matched target participants were used to test the initial steps in …