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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
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Paying Attention To Prior Reinforcement: How Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, And Adolescence Influence Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function, Madison K. Clement
Paying Attention To Prior Reinforcement: How Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, And Adolescence Influence Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function, Madison K. Clement
Doctoral Dissertations
Converging evidence supports the need to understand the unique contributions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in attention. The ACC has been implicated in filtering distractors, determining the relevance of stimuli, generating prediction errors, conflict monitoring, and goal-oriented behavioral changes. Unfortunately, much of this work has used broad definitions of ACC, which have often captured activity or deficits in regions outside of the ACC. Specific attention to the ACC, without concomitant damage to other regions of the prefrontal cortex is necessary to illuminate the specific role of the ACC in attention. Dysfunction of the ACC in humans is implicated in …
Analysis And Enhancement Of Human Cognitive Control Using Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces, Soheil Borhani
Analysis And Enhancement Of Human Cognitive Control Using Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces, Soheil Borhani
Doctoral Dissertations
Cognitive control including attention and working memory are crucial to human daily life. Whether a civilian who walks across a street or a military service member who is responsible for navigating a mission, cognitive control is involved, entirely. This ability is subject to impairment. People with attention disorder are easily disposed to distraction and lacks the ability to maintain the focus to a task. Multiple treatment strategies have been suggested which most of them has been pharmaceutical. Evidently, the medical treatment has side effects for long-term use. Moreover, it has a risk of drug misuse. Another line of treatment is …
Neural Correlates Of Individuation And Subordinate-Level Categorization Of Other-Race Faces In Infancy, Kelly Roth
Neural Correlates Of Individuation And Subordinate-Level Categorization Of Other-Race Faces In Infancy, Kelly Roth
Doctoral Dissertations
Perceptual narrowing is a domain-general process in which infants move from a broad sensitivity to a wide range of stimuli to developing expertise within often experienced native stimuli (Maurer & Werker, 2014). One outcome of this is the own-race bias, characterized by an increasing difficulty in discriminating other-race faces with age and experience for those raised in a racially homogenous environment (Anzures, Quinn, Pascalis, Slater, Tanaka, & Lee, 2013). Recent theorists have proposed that this is due to a categorization-individuation process, wherein infants begin to categorize non-native stimuli, such as other-species’ faces, but individuate native stimuli, such as often-experienced human …
Exploring The Effects Of Traditional And Expert-Derived Attentional Focus Cue Structures On Complex Skill Learning, Kaylee Woodard
Exploring The Effects Of Traditional And Expert-Derived Attentional Focus Cue Structures On Complex Skill Learning, Kaylee Woodard
Doctoral Dissertations
Instructions that direct attention externally have been shown to enhance motor performance. However, research on learning effects has produced mixed findings, particularly in skilled populations, and particularly when realistic instructional protocols have been used. Most studies have presented an overly simplistic view of attention, such that all-internal focus protocols are contrasted with all-external focus protocols. Expert performers, however, have reported adopting combined approaches, revealing the need for research to test more realistic instructions. The current project was a two-part study designed to investigate the effects of realistic focus instructions on performance and learning. Study 1 was an exploratory study of …
Stress Appraisals And Coping Strategies In Response To Palatable Food Cues Among Women With A Spectrum Of Internalized Weight Stigma, Mora A. Reinka
Stress Appraisals And Coping Strategies In Response To Palatable Food Cues Among Women With A Spectrum Of Internalized Weight Stigma, Mora A. Reinka
Doctoral Dissertations
Across two experiments, we set out to explore whether palatable food—densely caloric, low nutrition food—acts as a stigma-based stressor for individuals who have internalized negative stereotypes and beliefs against larger bodies. Using a sample of women with a normative BMI spectrum, we test whether participant’s cognitive, physiological, and psychological responses to food map onto a commonly theorized stress appraisal process—specifically that the food images are appraised as relevant, negative, and exceeding the available resources the individual possesses to deal with the implications or consequences. Furthermore, we explore coping responses to stress through direct measurement of caloric intake in the laboratory …
Looking And Thinking: The Relationship Between Attention Functioning And Executive Functioning In 2.5- And 3.5-Year-Olds, Anastasia Nicole Kerr-German
Looking And Thinking: The Relationship Between Attention Functioning And Executive Functioning In 2.5- And 3.5-Year-Olds, Anastasia Nicole Kerr-German
Doctoral Dissertations
Attention is the initial step in a cascade of perception and action. Cognitive processing, and subsequent encoding and retrieval are dependent on the success of attentional engagement and efficiency. Attention can be described as the ability to maintain an alert state, orient to internal and external events, and self-regulate responses to those events. In infancy, attention develops from being primarily exogenously drawn to endogenously controlled. Executive attention develops in late infancy and on in to early childhood and is considered a higher level of attentional functioning that involves not only attending to objects but attending to specific features of objects. …
Efficacy Of Short-Term Emotional Regulation Training On Interference During Cognitive Tasks, Kerry Margaret Cannity
Efficacy Of Short-Term Emotional Regulation Training On Interference During Cognitive Tasks, Kerry Margaret Cannity
Doctoral Dissertations
The experience of emotion and attempts to regulate it are universal human phenomena. Emotion regulation is used to alter the affective intensity or tone, behaviors, and consequences associated with an emotional experience. This study examined how two common emotional regulation strategies (mindfulness and distraction) affect attentional performance following a negative mood induction via film. While previous literature has compared emotional regulation strategies’ effects on a variety of outcomes, the efficacy of these strategies to reduce cognitive interference caused by negative mood has not been examined. Both mindfulness and distraction are hypothesized to occur through the Attention Deployment mechanism of the …
The Effect Of Yoga On Attention In Students Diagnosed With Adhd, Andrew Petsche
The Effect Of Yoga On Attention In Students Diagnosed With Adhd, Andrew Petsche
Doctoral Dissertations
ADHD impacts approximately 5% of children and has substantial negative effects on school behaviors, particularly with regard to attention. A number of school-based interventions exist to address the attention and focusing abilities of individuals diagnosed with ADHD; however, all of the existing interventions feature drawbacks such as expense, inefficient uses of time and resources, or negative side effects. Yoga has been shown to be a viable alternative to the traditional treatment methods for ADHD, particularly with regard to improving the attention and concentration levels of students. The present study utilized the Yoga Fitness for Kids videotape as an intervention for …
Effect Of Mindfulness Training On Interpretation Exam Performance In Graduate Students In Interpreting, Julie E. Johnson
Effect Of Mindfulness Training On Interpretation Exam Performance In Graduate Students In Interpreting, Julie E. Johnson
Doctoral Dissertations
Many graduate interpreting students struggle because the real-time, interactive nature of interpreting dictates that they be able to regulate their attention across different parallel cognitive activities and manage the inherent stress and unpredictability of the task. Within the framework of Cognitive Load Theory, this mixed-methods study explored the effect of short-term mindfulness training on consecutive interpreting exam performance using a quasi-experimental repeated-measures design. It also examined the relationships among mindfulness, stress, aspects of attention, and interpreting exam performance. The sample included 67 students (age M = 26.9 years; 82% female) across seven language programs (Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, …
Competition And Cooperation: An Assessment And Integration Of Seemingly Paradoxical Actions, Kyle Dean Turner
Competition And Cooperation: An Assessment And Integration Of Seemingly Paradoxical Actions, Kyle Dean Turner
Doctoral Dissertations
Competition and cooperation represent two foundational elements within the strategic management research domain. While substantial research examining competition or cooperation exists, research assessing these two paradoxical actions simultaneously has been limited. This study leverages the attention based view of the firm and insights from literature examining organizational ambidexterity to further understand if, and how, these two seemingly contradictory actions are managed and leveraged by firms. First, this research identifies and assesses the extent to which attention within the firm shapes competitive and cooperative action. Further, this research conceptually defines and empirically tests curvilinear relationships between competitive and cooperative action and …
Objectively Measuring The Effects Of Sleep On Reading Comprehension And Sustained Selective Attention, Jennifer L. Thibodeaux
Objectively Measuring The Effects Of Sleep On Reading Comprehension And Sustained Selective Attention, Jennifer L. Thibodeaux
Doctoral Dissertations
The overall performance of a university is measured by retention rates of students. Because individuals who achieve lower grade point averages are at a higher risk of failing or dropping out of college, the academic performance of undergraduates should be the target of concern to maintain good retention rates. Academic performance, which is associated with attention and reading comprehension abilities, is affected by the sleep behavior of students. In regards to college students and sleep, research has indicated that college students demonstrate habitually poor sleep habits. Poor sleep habits have been linked to impaired attention and concentration abilities, but the …
An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Flow By Skilled Professional Contract Workers, Patricia C. Johnson
An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Flow By Skilled Professional Contract Workers, Patricia C. Johnson
Doctoral Dissertations
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The Effects Of Pacing On Academic Performance In Elementary School Students With Attention Difficulties, Emily Jane Fuller
The Effects Of Pacing On Academic Performance In Elementary School Students With Attention Difficulties, Emily Jane Fuller
Doctoral Dissertations
Researchers have investigated pacing and accuracy of students’ academic work. However, studies investigating the effects pacing have mixed results regarding accuracy levels and student acceptability. Fuller, Krohn, Orsega, Skinner, and Williams (2009) conducted a pilot study examining the impact of slowing students down on their accuracy levels. Specifically, Fuller et al. (2009) had computers deliver multiplication problems one at a time. In the no-delay condition a new problem was delivered immediately after students provided an answer to the previous problem. In the delay condition, after students entered the answer to a problem there was a 7-second delay before the computer …