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Detection Of Malingering Via Cognitive Cues, Birgit M. Smart
Detection Of Malingering Via Cognitive Cues, Birgit M. Smart
Doctoral Dissertations
Malingering is a frequently encountered problem of faking psychological or physiological symptoms or exaggerating existing conditions for external gain. Malingerers typically are seen in clinical and forensic settings and create a burden to our society due to loss of economic resources or professional time. The impact of malingering is difficult to calculate due to problems with identifying actual cases of malingering. Psychological tests traditionally have been used in the assessment of malingering. Despite major improvements in instruments and clinical interviewing techniques, however, no failsafe assessment tool has been identified for the accurate detection of malingering. Cognitive studies of lie detection …
Examining Subjective Understanding Of Participants And Trained Coders In Adolescent Romantic Couples' Interactions, Joseph Warren Dickson
Examining Subjective Understanding Of Participants And Trained Coders In Adolescent Romantic Couples' Interactions, Joseph Warren Dickson
Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the similarities and differences of adolescent romantic couple members' and trained coders' subjective understanding and to assess simultaneously their unique contributions to predicting relationship satisfaction and whether couples were dating a year later. Data were collected from 211 couples over two years (median age = 17 years of age; median week dating = 31.5 weeks). Couples and trained coders used Video-recall procedures, which included recording couples' conversations and ascertaining couple members' and trained coders' understanding of the conversations. Individual couples were followed up approximately 1 year after Time 1 data collection. Multilevel …
An Empirical And Theoretical Investigation Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy And Neuroleptic Medication For The Treatment Of Schizophrenia, Eric J. Peters
An Empirical And Theoretical Investigation Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy And Neuroleptic Medication For The Treatment Of Schizophrenia, Eric J. Peters
Doctoral Dissertations
Since the early 1950s, biopsychiatric conceptualizations have dominated empirical, theoretical and therapeutic efforts to understand the treatment of schizophrenia. The contemporary preeminence of biopsychiatric conceptualizations of schizophrenia have overshadowed other perspectives that might contribute fruitfully to our capacity to understand and aid individuals suffering with this devastating emotional disorder. The origin of modern biopsychiatric conceptualizations is deconstructed by illuminating the non-epistemic underpinnings of Emil Kraeplin's dementia praecox concept, which is the forerunner of the modern schizophrenia construct. Two widely held assumptions of the biomedical model, namely: 1) that schizophrenia is a degenerative, organic brain disease; and 2) that neuroleptic medications …
The Dark Side Of Control Assessing Control In Relationships From A Dyadic And Longitudinal Perspective, Ivelina N. Naydenova
The Dark Side Of Control Assessing Control In Relationships From A Dyadic And Longitudinal Perspective, Ivelina N. Naydenova
Doctoral Dissertations
Psychological research suggests that, other things being equal, the desire for or exercise of control over consequences is advantageous to the individual. However, in the context of relationships the preference and enactment of control may be more problematic. The primary purpose of the present research was to advance the study of control in relationships through the validation of a self-report instrument specifically designed to measure it. Specifically the goals of this research project included: (a) to further validate the Control in Relationships Scale (CIR) using a dyadic and longitudinal approaches, (b) to further differentiate the control and power construct, and …
An Examination Of Factors Affecting Weight And Health In Exercising Adults, Cynthia West Dupuis
An Examination Of Factors Affecting Weight And Health In Exercising Adults, Cynthia West Dupuis
Doctoral Dissertations
Obesity is a significant problem in American society with approximately 65% of the population classified as overweight and the obesity rate exceeding 30% of all American adults. Obesity is associated with widespread physical and mental health problems which lead to increased healthcare costs, increased work absenteeism, and decreased work productivity. The factors of genetics and diet have been studied extensively by researchers in relation to weight gain and health. Physical exercise also has been established as a factor that affects weight and health, but exercise programs of all types suffer from an average attrition rate of approximately 50%. The additional …
The Effects Of Documentation On Young Children's Memory, Bethany Karen Benson Fleck
The Effects Of Documentation On Young Children's Memory, Bethany Karen Benson Fleck
Doctoral Dissertations
A central part of the Reggio Emila approach to early childhood education is the teaching method of "documentation." In documentation, educators extensively observe, record, and display young children's work through its progression. Educational and developmental literatures offer speculative claims and a theoretical basis supporting the facilitative effects of documentation on young children's memory. The current study is the first to empirically investigate the effects that documentation has on episodic and semantic memory. Sixty-six four and a half to 6-year-old children experienced a novel learning event. Two days later the children were reminded of the event and its content information using …
Keeping Visual-Auditory Associations In Mind: The Impact Of Detail And Meaningfulness On Crossmodal Working Memory Load, Anne T. Gilman
Keeping Visual-Auditory Associations In Mind: The Impact Of Detail And Meaningfulness On Crossmodal Working Memory Load, Anne T. Gilman
Doctoral Dissertations
Complex objects have been found to take up more visual working memory---as measured by lowered change-detection accuracy with such stimuli---than simple colored shapes (Treisman, 2006; Xu, 2002). While verbal working memory studies have similarly shown reduced apparent capacity for longer words (Baddeley, 2007), other research has demonstrated that features contributing to object categorization and recognizability can help visual working memory capacity (Olsson & Poom, 2005; Alvarez & Cavanagh, 2004). Until very recently, no measures of crossmodal working memory capacity had been proposed, even though crossmodal associations are part of the fabric of learning, from classical conditioning to calculus. The working …
The Mental Demands Of Marine Ecosystem -Based Management: A Constructive Developmental Lens, Verna Gerard Delauer
The Mental Demands Of Marine Ecosystem -Based Management: A Constructive Developmental Lens, Verna Gerard Delauer
Doctoral Dissertations
Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) is a relatively new and promising approach to the management of marine systems. EBM is holistic by seeking to include ail stakeholders affected by marine policy. Stakeholders may include individuals from ail levels of government, academia, environmental organizations, and marine-dependent businesses and industry. This dissertation lays out the substantive differences of marine EBM stakeholder engagement processes versus other, single sector processes. EBM processes are more complex than existing stakeholder engagement mechanisms, to sufficiently require a more sophisticated conceptual understanding of the process and the people involved. There are implicit cognitive, interpersonal, and intra-personal demands of EBM that …
The Maritime Revival: Antimodernity, Class, And Culture, 1870--1940, Glenn Michael Grasso
The Maritime Revival: Antimodernity, Class, And Culture, 1870--1940, Glenn Michael Grasso
Doctoral Dissertations
Between 1870 and 1940, Americans redefined their perceptions, ideas, and cultural meanings of seafaring under sail. The Maritime Revival---a cultural phenomenon that took the workaday nineteenth-century maritime world and converted it into an archetypical exercise in essential Americanism---selectively picked stories, symbols, and specific lifestyles and elevated them to heroic status. Part of larger nineteenth-century revivalism, the Maritime Revival created an image of seafaring that was a small subset of the entire experience-as-lived. By the 1930s, Americans recognized a heroic, but lost, golden age of sailing ships that did not correspond to the maritime world that had once been a ubiquitous …
Executive Control In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Lori A. Newman
Executive Control In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Lori A. Newman
Doctoral Dissertations
Converging evidence supports the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is critical for executive control. One prefrontal subregion, the anterior cingulate cortex has previously been shown to be active in situations involving high conflict, presentation of salient, distracting stimuli, and error processing, i.e. situations that occur when learning new response contingencies, when previously learned response strategies fail, or when a shift in attention or responding is required. These situations all involve goal-oriented monitoring of performance in order to effectively adjust cognitive processes. Several neuropsychological disorders, for instance schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder, are correlated with morphological changes …
Emotional Responses To Environmental Messages: Implications For Future Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intentions, Jeffrey L. Perrin
Emotional Responses To Environmental Messages: Implications For Future Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intentions, Jeffrey L. Perrin
Doctoral Dissertations
The present study analyzed the role of environmental message characteristics (message modality and message valence) and emotional arousal (positive and negative) in predicting environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. Using an experimental protocol designed to induce emotions in the laboratory, I measured specific emotional responses to gains-framed and losses-framed video and text-only environmental messages, and investigated the relation between intensity of emotional responses to environmental messages and environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. The sample consisted of 161 college students (116 women, 45 men). A hierarchical linear multiple regression was computed to assess the contributions of background variables (environmental knowledge, environmental beliefs, and outdoor …
Predicting Inclusive Teaching Using The Transtheoretical Model Of Behavior Change And The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Heather D. Hussey
Predicting Inclusive Teaching Using The Transtheoretical Model Of Behavior Change And The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Heather D. Hussey
Doctoral Dissertations
The diversity related materials in many university and college courses do not reflect the extent of diversity in society (Banks, 2002). Attempts to diversify curriculum have been made (Montgomery, 2001; Richards, Brown, & Forde, 2007), but further work is needed to prepare students to thrive in a culturally diverse society (Banks, 2002; Marshall, 2002). Research regarding faculty views toward diversity on campus and in the curriculum is limited (Brunner, 2006; Piland, Hess, & Piland, 2000; Wasonga & Piveral, 2004). Although a majority of faculty believe that a diversified institution and curriculum is positive, little research has examined the types of …
Understanding Personality Through Preferences In Popular Mass Media: An Archetypal Approach, Michael A. Faber
Understanding Personality Through Preferences In Popular Mass Media: An Archetypal Approach, Michael A. Faber
Doctoral Dissertations
In the Digital Age, it may be possible to assess personality in ways beyond those traditionally employed by psychologists. This work examines individual preferences in popular or mass culture media and what they say about people's psychological processes. For example, knowing that someone likes romantic comedy movies and jazz music arguably paints a more useful picture of personality than saying that one is high in both extraversion and openness. In such cases, a media-based self-description provides a clear and tangible metric of individual interests. Here, we hypothesize that one reason such preferences may reflect personality is because media and the …