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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
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Development Of Novel Protein Digestion And Quantitation Methods For Mass Spectrometic Analysis, Yongling Ai
Development Of Novel Protein Digestion And Quantitation Methods For Mass Spectrometic Analysis, Yongling Ai
Dissertations
Proteins are the workhorses of biology, playing multifaceted roles in maintaining cellular function, signaling, and response to environmental cues. Understanding their abundance and dynamics is pivotal for unraveling the complexities of biological processes, which underpins the foundations of molecular and cellular biology. Accurate measurement of protein quantities provides insights into cellular homeostasis, facilitates the discovery of biomarkers, and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of diseases, bridging the gap between the molecular intricacies of proteins and their functional consequences in health and disease. The evolution of protein quantitation methodologies, from classical colorimetric assays to sophisticated mass spectrometry-based approaches, has expanded …
Probing Amyloid-Beta Protein Structure And Dynamics With A Selective Antibody, Shikha Grover
Probing Amyloid-Beta Protein Structure And Dynamics With A Selective Antibody, Shikha Grover
Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The AD brain is characterized by significant neuronal loss and accumulation of insoluble fibrillar amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, over the last decade, many studies have shown that the neurodegenerative effect of Aβ may in fact be caused by various soluble oligomeric forms as opposed to the insoluble fibrils. Furthermore, the data suggest that a pre-fibrillar aggregated form, termed protofibrils, mediates direct neurotoxicity, and triggers a robust neuroinflammatory response.
Antibodies targeting the various conformation of Aβ are important therapeutic agents to prevent the progression …
Analysis Of The Zebrafish Olfactory System Using Immunohistochemistry And Enhanced Techniques Of Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Desi-Ms), Tara Lynn Maser
Dissertations
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MS) is an ambient ionization technique where the sample is analyzed directly from a surface with very minimal sample preparation under ambient conditions and follows ESI-like ionization mechanisms. DESI-MS has proven powerful in analyzing or imaging lipids and other small molecules directly from biological samples and even allows for subsequent histological staining and analyses. However, DESI-MS is less widely used for protein analysis due to a lack of sensitivity and the complex diversity of proteins in biological samples.
A major goal of this research has been to obtain new neurobiological knowledge by combining histology and mass spectrometry …
Atmospheric Mercury Chemistry: Detection, Kinetics, And Mechanism, Na Mao
Atmospheric Mercury Chemistry: Detection, Kinetics, And Mechanism, Na Mao
Dissertations
The presence of mercury in the environment is of global concern due to its toxicity. The atmosphere is an important transient reservoir for mercury released by human activities and natural sources. The knowledge of atmospheric mercury chemistry is critical for understanding the global biogeochemical cycle. In the atmosphere, mercury primarily exists in three forms: gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM). Over the last decade, the existing knowledge of mercury cycle has dramatically changed: (1) There has been increasing evidence that current detection methods do not accurately quantify gaseous oxidized mercury and a technique which …
Development Of Novel Mass Spectrometric Methods For Reaction Screening, Oligosaccharide Detection, And Nitrosamine Quantitation, Qi Wang
Dissertations
Benefitting from its high detection sensitivity and specificity, mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique in academia and industry. The aim of this dissertation study is to develop new mass spectrometric methods for organic reaction screening, detection of oligosaccharide/glycan in complex matrices, and nitrosamine absolute quantitation.
First, an electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (EC/MS) platform is built to generate an N-cyclopropylaniline radical cation electrochemically and to monitor its reactivity toward alkenes, which leads to the discovery of a new redox neutral reaction of intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of N-cyclopropylanilines and alkenes. Net redox neutral electrosynthesis is quite rare in synthetic organic …
Mechanisms And Applications Of Improved Protein Analysis By Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Desi-Ms), Roshan Javanshad
Mechanisms And Applications Of Improved Protein Analysis By Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Desi-Ms), Roshan Javanshad
Dissertations
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a soft ionization technique that allows detection of macromolecules, such as intact proteins, by the formation of multiply charged ions from solutions. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an ambient ionization technique that directly samples analyte from a surface during ESI-MS analysis. Although DESI-MS is highly accomplished at the analyses of metabolites, lipids, and other small molecules, it is far more limited when it comes to protein analysis. While most of the field in ambient ionization MS has moved towards primarily applications, our approach has been to explore the use of DESI-MS and …
Novel Applications Of Mass Spectrometry For Quantitation And Reaction Mechanism Elucidation, Pengyi Zhao
Novel Applications Of Mass Spectrometry For Quantitation And Reaction Mechanism Elucidation, Pengyi Zhao
Dissertations
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been growing as one of the most widely used tools in the field of analytical chemistry. Various applications have been developed to harness the high sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometric analysis. In this dissertation, two major challenges are addressed. By developing mass spectrometric-based methods, absolute quantitation of proteins/peptides have been achieved. Elucidation of various reaction mechanisms are also enabled. These are the focuses of this dissertation.
In Chapters 2 to 4, a novel quantitation method is developed, titled as coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS). The strength of this method is that no reference standard or isotope-labeled …
Improving Protein Analysis By Desorption Electrospray Ionization (Desi-Ms), Elahe Honarvar
Improving Protein Analysis By Desorption Electrospray Ionization (Desi-Ms), Elahe Honarvar
Dissertations
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is one of the most well-known and versatile techniques for analyzing a broad range of molecules and it has become one of the leading techniques to study biomolecules, such as proteins. ESI-MS can accurately determine the molecular weight of proteins and provide information about their peptide sequence, post-translational modifications as well as their interaction with other molecules.
During ESI-MS analysis, by spraying a sample of proteins, prepared in form of a solution, charged droplets are produced using an electric field. As the solvent molecules gradually evaporate from these droplets, freely hovering bare protein ions remain. …
Compressive Sensing Framework For Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis, Khalfalla Ahmad Kh. Awedat
Compressive Sensing Framework For Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis, Khalfalla Ahmad Kh. Awedat
Dissertations
Mass Spectrometry (MS) data is ideal for identifying unique bio-signatures of diseases. However, the high dimensionality of MS data hinders any promising MS-based proteomics development. The goal of this dissertation is to develop an accurate classification tool by employing compressive sensing (CS). Not only can CS significantly reduce MS data dimensionality, but it also will allow for full reconstruction of original data. The framework developed in this work is based on using L2 and a mixed L2-L1 norms, allowing an overdetermined system to be resolved. The results show that the L2- based algorithm with regularization terms has a better performance …
Development Of Gc-Ms Database Of Essential Oil Components By The Analysis Of Natural Essential Oils And Synthetic Compounds And Discovery Of Biologically Active Novel Chemotypes In Essential Oils, Prabodh Satyal
Dissertations
Based on the numerous side effects of synthetically-derived medicines, many people are trying to transform their lifestyles through naturopathy. Unfortunately, due to a lack of complete instrumental techniques and strict government regulation, adulteration of natural products is rampant all over the world. About 80% of commercially available, so-called “natural” essential oils are adulterated for economic profit. So to track adulteration, the Sat-Set Gas Chromatography-Linear Retention Index-Mass Spectrometry (GC-LRI-MS) library has been created. This extensive library contains 2,700 pure, complete mass spectra, including retention index, molecular weight, and formula information. Those mass spectra were collected from 590 different essential oil samples …
Enzyme, Cosolvent, And Substrate Interactions In Ple Hydrolysis Reactions And Evaluation Of The Stability Of An Unnatural Glutathione Analogue, Maureen Elizabeth Smith
Enzyme, Cosolvent, And Substrate Interactions In Ple Hydrolysis Reactions And Evaluation Of The Stability Of An Unnatural Glutathione Analogue, Maureen Elizabeth Smith
Dissertations
Prochiral diester malonates have been hydrolyzed in the presence of Pig Liver Esterase (PLE). Several of the diesters produced the respective half-ester in moderate to high enantioselectivity. A series of cosolvent assays were performed to evaluate the ability of the cosolvent to influence the enantioselective outcome of the hydrolysis reactions. Ethanol produced the largest changes in enantioselectivity of all solvents evaluated. The isoenzymes of PLE were also evaluated and provided very different enantioselective outcomes than that of crude PLE. A series of NMR titrations was performed to explore the interactions between the substrates and ethanol cosolvents.
Improvements to our previously …
Fundamental Studies Of Protein Ionization For Improved Analysis By Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry And Related Methods, Kevin A. Douglass
Fundamental Studies Of Protein Ionization For Improved Analysis By Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry And Related Methods, Kevin A. Douglass
Dissertations
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique in which a sample is converted to gas-phase ions that are subsequently separated and detected. It offers great speed, selectivity, and sensitivity during analysis, characteristics which have enabled it to become a leading method for the study of proteins. The applications of MS for these biologically significant macromolecules range from accurately determining identity and sequence to shedding light on post-translational modifications and protein-molecule interactions. As a first step towards analysis by MS, gas-phase protein ions must be formed. A common method for ionization is electrospray ionization (ESI), where a liquid sample including the …