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The Effects Of Self-Referencing In The Processing Of Linear Ordering Relations, Hsiao H. D'Ailly
The Effects Of Self-Referencing In The Processing Of Linear Ordering Relations, Hsiao H. D'Ailly
Digitized Theses
The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of self referencing in the processing of linear ordering relations in a task designed to simulate certain aspects of classroom mathematics instruction. In each of three experiments, undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course were asked to read a series of paragraphs each of which contained a 5-term linear ordering relation (e.g., {dollar}\rm A>B>C>D>E).{dollar} After this information was encoded, subjects were asked to make pair-wise comparisons of these 5 terms. Two major factors were tested: the inclusion of a "You" term (Self-Referencing) among the …
Cholinergic-Noradrenergic And Cholinergic-Serotonergic Interactions In Measures Of Working And Reference Memory Of The Rat, Peter Prior
Digitized Theses
These experiments concerned potential interactions of the cholinergic with the noradrenergic or serotonergic systems, in rat working and reference memory (WM & RM). In experiment 1a, 63 rats were trained to collect reinforcement from a radial maze, with eight of 16 arms consistently reinforced. Working errors (WEs) were re-entries into baited arms visited within a session; reference errors (REs) were visits to never-baited arms. The rats then participated in a dose-response study of scopolamine (scop). Correct entries decreased; WEs and REs increased concomitantly with dose. Cholinergic systems may not subserve WM specifically. Forty-one of these rats participated a year later …
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Digitized Theses
Previous research suggests that decision-makers who are responsible for initiating a failing course of action are more likely to escalate their commitment to that action, compared to those who are not responsible for the initial choice. It is purported that responsibility for initiating a failing course of action induces the escalation of commitment through an underlying psychological process of self-justification. Two problems are evident in this research, however, that question the validity of this interpretation. First, the effect of responsibility has only been demonstrated using a role-playing research methodology. Second, responsibility for initiating the course of action (operationalized as choice) …
Using Elaborative Interrogation To Help Students Overcome Their Science Misconceptions, Vera Ella Woloshyn
Using Elaborative Interrogation To Help Students Overcome Their Science Misconceptions, Vera Ella Woloshyn
Digitized Theses
The experiments reported here investigated whether a question-answering strategy called elaborative-interrogation would facilitate children's acquisition of science facts. Of particular interest was whether the strategy would help students acquire facts that addressed their inaccurate beliefs, or what are otherwise known as misconceptions. Across two experiments, 140 students in grades 6 and 7 were asked to process individually presented statements. Half of these statements were consistent with their prior knowledge, whereas the remaining facts were inconsistent (i.e., subject to misconceptions). Half of the students in each grade were instructed to read the sentences aloud at a rate that allowed them to …
Pictures, Words, And Synonymy: Representations And Processes, Terrence Charles Biggs
Pictures, Words, And Synonymy: Representations And Processes, Terrence Charles Biggs
Digitized Theses
A series of four experiments are presented which contrast the hypothesis that synonymy is semantically represented with the hypothesis that synonymy is lexically represented. They also stress the importance of task focal information in the interpretation of experimental results. Current mental models appear to operate with the implicit assumption that synonymy is represented semantically. The findings of Biggs and Marmurek (1983, 1990), that synonymous word-picture prime-target presentations produced greater naming facilitation than their repeated counterparts, run counter to the semantic representation hypothesis. The current investigations manipulated the type and degree of processing overlap between prime and target items by using …
Necessity And Sufficiency In Conditional Reasoning, Valerie Anne Thompson
Necessity And Sufficiency In Conditional Reasoning, Valerie Anne Thompson
Digitized Theses
The purpose of this thesis was to contrast two current theories of conditional reasoning. Conditional reasoning entails drawing inferences about situations in which the occurrence of one event is conditional upon the occurrence of another event (e.g., if the car runs out of gas, then it will stall). According to pragmatic schema theory (Cheng and Holyoak, 1985) conditional reasoning is mediated by context-sensitive inference rules that specify the inferences that are pragmatic in a given situation; these rules differ from context to context. For example, the inferences that are thought to be pragmatic in causal situations (in which one event …