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Aspects Of Victorian Psychologism, John F. Metcalfe
Aspects Of Victorian Psychologism, John F. Metcalfe
Digitized Theses
In this essay I present revisionary readings of four Victorian philosophers. I argue that each of them is fundamentally committed to a naturalistic philosophical project called psychologism. The psychologistic readings that this critical stance generates offer resources that may be exploited by contemporary philosophers pursuing their own naturalistic projects.;In the first chapter I sketch the structure and main points of the essay. In the second chapter I suggest that Mansel's Kantian psychologism manages to evade the criticisms of Husserl. This serves to highlight the distance between psychologism and contemporary logic. In the third chapter I argue that Whewell embraces a …
Cholinergic-Noradrenergic And Cholinergic-Serotonergic Interactions In Measures Of Working And Reference Memory Of The Rat, Peter Prior
Digitized Theses
These experiments concerned potential interactions of the cholinergic with the noradrenergic or serotonergic systems, in rat working and reference memory (WM & RM). In experiment 1a, 63 rats were trained to collect reinforcement from a radial maze, with eight of 16 arms consistently reinforced. Working errors (WEs) were re-entries into baited arms visited within a session; reference errors (REs) were visits to never-baited arms. The rats then participated in a dose-response study of scopolamine (scop). Correct entries decreased; WEs and REs increased concomitantly with dose. Cholinergic systems may not subserve WM specifically. Forty-one of these rats participated a year later …
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Escalating Commitment To A Failing Course Of Action: The Effect Of Choice And Justification, D Ramona Bobocel
Digitized Theses
Previous research suggests that decision-makers who are responsible for initiating a failing course of action are more likely to escalate their commitment to that action, compared to those who are not responsible for the initial choice. It is purported that responsibility for initiating a failing course of action induces the escalation of commitment through an underlying psychological process of self-justification. Two problems are evident in this research, however, that question the validity of this interpretation. First, the effect of responsibility has only been demonstrated using a role-playing research methodology. Second, responsibility for initiating the course of action (operationalized as choice) …
Stress Management As Prevention Of The Effects Of Stress: A Comparison Of Comprehensive Approaches, Lynn Marie Levy
Stress Management As Prevention Of The Effects Of Stress: A Comparison Of Comprehensive Approaches, Lynn Marie Levy
Digitized Theses
The present study was intended to be a methodologically sound test of the efficacy of three stress management interventions for the purpose of prevention. The long-term impact of several comprehensive stress management interventions was compared on the aspects of coping ability being targetted by the programs, stress, and the adverse effects of stress. Subjects were asymptomatic male business managers and supervisors. Effects of stress were measured by multiple outcomes including psychological and physical health, and work-related variables. Two intensive training programs, cognitive-behavioural coping skills training, and aerobic-exercise and fitness training, and a practically oriented brief-intervention educational program were compared. Methodological …
Psychoanalytic Explanation: A Cognitivist Approach, Aldo Mosca
Psychoanalytic Explanation: A Cognitivist Approach, Aldo Mosca
Digitized Theses
A cognitivist approach is applied in this thesis to the psychoanalytic explanation of neurosis. The received approaches to psychoanalysis, the reductionist and the hermeneutic, are discussed and rejected. The reductionist approach explains neurotic symptoms as discharges of psychic energy; it is characterized by a teleological mode of reasoning, and endures in the mentalistic thesis that neurotic symptoms are to be explained as wish-fulfillments. The hermeneutic approach is centered on the claim that symptoms are symbols of unconscious thoughts, and that psychoanalytic explanation must be understood as a deciphering of seemingly incomprehensible texts.;The cognitivist approach is applied, first, by construing both …
Individuality In Health, Karen Lorraine Horner
Individuality In Health, Karen Lorraine Horner
Digitized Theses
Past research has related a variety of personality traits to environmental stressors, coping behavior, and health. In this thesis, the relation between various traits and the pathways through which they influence health were explored further. It was hypothesized that personality predicts susceptibility to stressors and mechanisms of coping that modify the cognitive and affective reactions that influence health.;Two hundred and forty-seven psychology students completed self-report questionnaires. Ego resilience, internal locus of control, hardiness, extraversion, and low neuroticism were found to load on a factor moderately related to health. Also loading on the factor were objective stressors, coping strategies, perceived stress, …
Psychological Well-Being: Personality And Social Role Perspectives, Kathryn Ann Dance
Psychological Well-Being: Personality And Social Role Perspectives, Kathryn Ann Dance
Digitized Theses
This thesis was concerned with an examination of psychological well-being, defined as consisting of negative affect, positive affect, and self-esteem. Two distinct approaches to well-being were identified (i.e. personality and social role). It was argued that well-being is likely determined by both personality and social role influences, and that these two areas might themselves be interrelated. Both cognitive and affective personality factors were included in this research (i.e. dysfunctional cognitions and affect intensity). Roles were examined at a general level (number of roles and their cognitive representation in terms of complexity) and at a specific level that included assessments of …