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Mechanisms Of Autonomic Control By The Insular Cortex In The Rat, Kenneth Scott Butcher
Mechanisms Of Autonomic Control By The Insular Cortex In The Rat, Kenneth Scott Butcher
Digitized Theses
The insular cortex (IC) has been proposed to act as visceral sensory and autonomic cortex. The mechanism of control by the IC, however, is not clear. The nature of insular cortical function in hypertension is also unknown.;Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Wistar rats has been shown to cause cortical infarction, including the IC, resulting in increases in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). MCAO in the urethane anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) resulted in decreases in arterial pressure (AP) and SND.;To determine if the autonomic effects of MCAO in the SHR and Wistar rat are due to insular damage, a lesion …
The Effects Of Preadministration Of Nmda Antagonists On Kindling With Carbachol, Deborah Michelle Saucier
The Effects Of Preadministration Of Nmda Antagonists On Kindling With Carbachol, Deborah Michelle Saucier
Digitized Theses
This thesis evaluated the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity is essential for the development of kindling and/or the maintenance of the kindled state in male hooded rats. Kindling was produced by the infusion of carbachol, a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, directly into either the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala or the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The infusions of carbachol took place over 70 seconds and were given every 2 days. At a previously determined time before the infusion of carbachol, either APV (DL-aminophosphonovaleric acid, infused into the site of recording) or NPC 17742 (2R,4R,2S-(2-amino-4,5(cyclohexyl)-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, i.p.) was given. Both …
Examination Of Nucleoside Transport In The Mammalian Nervous System, Kenneth William Jones
Examination Of Nucleoside Transport In The Mammalian Nervous System, Kenneth William Jones
Digitized Theses
In rabbit and guinea pig cortical synaptosomes, the nucleoside transport inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole were used to test the hypotheses that the nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive and -resistant ({dollar}\sp3{dollar}H) dipyridamole binding sites are associated with the es and ei nucleoside transporters, respectively. In addition, the hypothesis that the es and ei nucleoside transporters in rabbit cortical synaptosomes differ in their selectivity for compounds besides nitrobenzylthioinosine was tested, Nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive ({dollar}\sp3{dollar}H) dipyridamole binding and ({dollar}\sp3{dollar}H) nitrobenzylthioinosine binding involved the same site on the es transporter. The relative proportions and inhibitor sensitivities of nitrobenzylthioinosine-resistant ({dollar}\sp3{dollar}H) dipyridamole binding could not be correlated with nitrobenzylthioinosine-resistant nucleoside transport. This, …
Prenatal Risk Factors For Neurological Abnormalities In The Term And Near Term Neonate, Kathleen Owen O'Connor
Prenatal Risk Factors For Neurological Abnormalities In The Term And Near Term Neonate, Kathleen Owen O'Connor
Digitized Theses
An abnormal neurological examination in the neonatal hospital stay may indicate a transient or permanent neurological disturbance. Abnormal neurological symptoms therefore place an infant at increased risk for subsequent neurological problems.;This case-control study was designed to investigate prenatal and perinatal risk factors for an abnormal neurological examination in the term infant. Infants were born between 1 January, 1988 and 30 June, 1990. The sample consisted of 222 neonates with neurological abnormalities and 666 controls who were free of such problems. Data on the prenatal histories of their mothers, course of the pregnancy, intrapartum events and status of the infant after …
Neurotransmission Of Visceral Information In The Parabrachial Nucleus Of The Rat, Tarek Saleh
Neurotransmission Of Visceral Information In The Parabrachial Nucleus Of The Rat, Tarek Saleh
Digitized Theses
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) has been shown to be a major relay site for visceral afferents ascending through the ventrobasal thalamus and terminating in the insular cortex. The purpose of these investigations was to determine the neurotransmitter mechanisms in the PB involved in relaying visceral sensory information to the thalamus in the rat. Using electrophysiological techniques in the cloral hydrate anesthetised male Wistar rat, our results show that the visceral pathway from the PB to the thalamus appears to use two neuronal systems, one mediating the relay of specific visceral information via glutamatergic N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the PB, …
Postsynaptic Cholinergic Control Of Cardiac Function In Aging, Na Su
Postsynaptic Cholinergic Control Of Cardiac Function In Aging, Na Su
Digitized Theses
The present study using isolated constant flow-perfused heart from adult (8 month-old) and aged (26 month-old) Fischer 344 rats for the first time demonstrated a striking enhancement of the negative chronotropic, inotropic and coronary vasoconstriction responses of the aging heart to postsynaptic cholinergic stimulation.;The approaches used and the results demonstrated were the following. (i) Acetylcholinesterase activity measured by the method of Ellman et al (1961) declined significantly in the atria and ventricles of the aged compared to adult rats. (ii) No age-related difference was seen in muscarinic receptor number in the atria and ventricles as assessed by {dollar}\lbrack\sp3\rm H\rbrack QNB{dollar} …
Modulation Of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis In The Sjl/J Mice By Cytokines And Anti-Cytokine Antibodies, Trang Thi Duong
Modulation Of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis In The Sjl/J Mice By Cytokines And Anti-Cytokine Antibodies, Trang Thi Duong
Digitized Theses
Immunization with myelin basic protein in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in only mild chronic-relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with very low incidence in SJL/J mice, and no disease at all in A/J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2, AKR and NZW mice. However, treatment of mice with anti-IFN{dollar}\gamma{dollar} (aIFN) monoclonal antibody (mAb) at the time of immunization determined severe disease in all those strains except AKR. Similarly, the passive induction of EAE in the SJL/J mice and in two of three resistant strains examined was significantly enhanced by aIFN mAb administration. In the SJL/J mice, administration of anti-interleukin 2 (aIL2) mAb had only …
Programming Of Muscle Activity In Arm Movements In Relation To Force Requirements, Naznin Virji-Babul
Programming Of Muscle Activity In Arm Movements In Relation To Force Requirements, Naznin Virji-Babul
Digitized Theses
Analysis of the relationship between movement kinematics and muscle activity is a widely used approach for understanding how the nervous system formulates motor commands to produce movements. In planar single joint movements, phasic muscle activity is highly correlated with specific kinematic variables. Such correlations have not proven to be as direct in complex movements. The rules used by the nervous system in movement coordination are thus poorly understood. The purpose of this study was first, to examine kinematics, dynamics and electromyographic (EMG) activity during single and two-joint arm movements to discern the common planning strategies between these movements; and second, …