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Children's And Parents' Depression In Relation To Family-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Outcome, Rachel Kolko
Children's And Parents' Depression In Relation To Family-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Outcome, Rachel Kolko
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Baseline parent-report of child depression and parent self-reported depression have been found to predict childrenΓÇÖs outcome in family-based behavioral weight loss treatment: FBT), although less is known about how child self-reported depression, changes in depression over time, and depression assessed via multiple informants is associated with FBT outcome. Two hundred and forty-one overweight children and their parents entered FBT, and 178 completed the pre- and post-FBT assessments. Depression was assessed via child and parent self-report, and parent-report on child. Linear regression examined child and parent depression: both baseline and change from baseline to post-FBT) as predictors of child FBT outcome: …
Effects Of Attention Allocation On Habituation To Food Cues In Normal Weight And Overweight Children, Vandana Aspen
Effects Of Attention Allocation On Habituation To Food Cues In Normal Weight And Overweight Children, Vandana Aspen
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Effects of Attention Allocation on Habituation to Food Cues in Normal weight and Overweight Children by Vandana Passi Aspen Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology Washington University in St. Louis, 2010 Professor Denise Wilfley, Chairperson Despite the rising prevalence of pediatric overweight, minimal research has been conducted to understand the basic biological processes underlying overweight in children. The present study assesses changes in physiological response: i.e., salivation) to food over time. The primary aims were to examine whether salivation patterns in children vary based on weight status and/or allocating attention to a distracter task. It was hypothesized …
A Laboratory-Based Study Of Mood And Eating Behavior In Overweight Children, Andrea Goldschmidt
A Laboratory-Based Study Of Mood And Eating Behavior In Overweight Children, Andrea Goldschmidt
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Loss of control over eating refers to the sense that one cannot control what or how much one is eating. Loss of control eating is prevalent among overweight children and is associated with psychosocial impairment. Self-report data suggest that pediatric loss of control eating may be related to the experience of aversive emotions, with investigators theorizing that loss of control eating is a maladaptive means of alleviating negative mood. However, these data need to be substantiated using more objective methodology. The current study utilized a feeding laboratory paradigm to further explore the relation between mood and eating in 46 overweight …
Implementation Of Hypertension Treatment Recommendations, Veronica Shead
Implementation Of Hypertension Treatment Recommendations, Veronica Shead
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There are currently lifestyle modifications and medications that are highly successful in controlling hypertension. Nevertheless, many hypertensive individuals do not implement lifestyle changes and fail to adhere to medication regimens. The current study sought to understand both sociodemographic and intrinsic factors associated with the implementation of recommended lifestyle modifications for treatment of hypertension. The study represents the first step in the application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills: IMB) model of health behavior and health promotion to hypertension. The primary goal was to provide a profile of the variables relevant for adherence to the multifaceted treatment recommendations for the hypertensive population. 151 …
An Investigation Of The Cognitive And Perceptual Mechanisms Involved In Mania-Proneness, Kimberly Mercer
An Investigation Of The Cognitive And Perceptual Mechanisms Involved In Mania-Proneness, Kimberly Mercer
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The present research investigates the cognitive and perceptual mechanisms involved in mania-proneness. Building on the work of Depue and colleagues: Depue & Iacono, 1989; Depue & Zald, 1993) and Gray: 1994), which identifies links between the Behavioral Activation System: BAS) and the symptoms observed in mania, this research investigates the hypothesis that people who are prone to mania exhibit cognitive and perceptual biases in information processing when presented with achievement-oriented stimuli both at baseline, and after the receipt of a reward. These hypothesized biases were measured via an affective flanker task, a suboptimal priming task, and a judgment task about …
Stress Reactivity, Stress Appraisal And Coping Responses In Schizophrenia, Zainab Delawalla
Stress Reactivity, Stress Appraisal And Coping Responses In Schizophrenia, Zainab Delawalla
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Psychosocial factors have long been recognized as important to the etiology of schizophrenia. According to the stress-vulnerability model, the experience of stress is critical to the onset and/or maintenance of schizophrenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that people with schizophrenia experience more stressful events than the general population, there is ample evidence that stress is linked with the course of illness. Traditionally, two lines of research have examined stress processing mechanisms: one focusing on the biological response to stress by studying the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal: HPA) axis and the other focusing on the psychological mechanisms delineated in the transactional …
Quality Of Life And Affect Across The Adult Lifespan, Patrick Brown
Quality Of Life And Affect Across The Adult Lifespan, Patrick Brown
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The premise of this dissertation is based on the work of M. Powell Lawton, in particular his theories of Environmental Press: Lawton and Nahemow, 1973) and the Dual-Channel Hypothesis: Lawton, 1996; Lawton, Winter, Kleban, & Ruckdeschel, 1999). Study 1 used a correlational approach to test Lawton and colleagues: 1999) model in a community sample of people across the adult lifespan, thereby expanding previous findings to individuals under age 60. Study 2 used an experimental approach to determine if individuals are affectively susceptible to differing environmental conditions based on their performance on a cognitive task. Whereas Study 1 provided a naturalistic …
Training And Transfer Of Attentional Control In Older Adulthood, Anna Mackay-Brandt
Training And Transfer Of Attentional Control In Older Adulthood, Anna Mackay-Brandt
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Recent research in cognitive aging has brought renewed interest to a decades old question. Can cognitive skills be trained, and if so, how widely does that trained skill transfer? Previous research has demonstrated that older adults are able to improve their performance on laboratory cognitive tests and in some cases these benefits can transfer to other similar tests: e.g. Kramer et al., 2004). A few cases have demonstrated transfer to more distal outcomes: Willis et al., 2006). This area of research is still in an early stage, and reports are mixed with regard to the efficacy of cognitive training. These …
Beyond The Observable: Examining Self-Reported Well-Being In People With Dementia, Wingyun Mak
Beyond The Observable: Examining Self-Reported Well-Being In People With Dementia, Wingyun Mak
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
The well-being of people with dementia is not well understood. Researchers often measure their well-being through observational methods or via proxies, but self-report is rarely used. Recently there is evidence that people with mild to moderate dementia are able to give reliable reports of their well-being, but empirical work in this area is limited. Most dementia-specific measures focus on mood or life satisfaction, and there are few that gauge more existential aspects of well-being: e.g., purpose in life). This study tested the use of a non-dementia-specific well-being measure in people with mild to moderate dementia. The relationship between goal pursuit, …
Associative Memory Processes In Schizophrenia, Aaron Bonner-Jackson
Associative Memory Processes In Schizophrenia, Aaron Bonner-Jackson
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Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate cognitive deficits in a number of domains, including episodic memory: EM). Memory for both individual items and associations between items is impaired in schizophrenia, with some indication of a more severe deficit in associative memory. Furthermore, such memory impairments have been consistently linked with abnormalities in brain activation during both encoding and retrieval. However, certain experimental manipulations at the encoding and retrieval stages of EM significantly benefit memory performance in schizophrenia, suggesting that a strategic processing deficit may underlie memory impairment in schizophrenia. Additionally, the provision of beneficial encoding strategies increases encoding-related brain activity in key …
Medial Temporal Lobe Structure And Function, Meghana Karnik
Medial Temporal Lobe Structure And Function, Meghana Karnik
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Medial Temporal Lobe Structure and Function by Meghana Sunil Karnik Doctor of Philosophy in Biology and Biomedical Sciences: Neuroscience) Washington University in St. Louis, 2009 Professor John G. Csernansky, Chairperson My main goal was to examine the relationship between brain structure and function, specifically medial temporal lobe structure and episodic memory, in various groups of subjects who had schizophrenia, were at risk for schizophrenia because of genetic and disease influences, or who were healthy, in order to explore the influence of genetic and disease influences on brain structure-function relationships. Most of what is known about the neural structures thought to …
Discounting Of Delayed And Probabilistic Rewards By Women With And Without Binge Eating Disorder, Jamie Manwaring
Discounting Of Delayed And Probabilistic Rewards By Women With And Without Binge Eating Disorder, Jamie Manwaring
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Obese individuals with binge eating disorder: BED) exhibit more general and eating-disordered psychopathology than obese individuals without BED. Binge eating also impedes weight-loss efforts, already difficult in an obese population. A better basic understanding of binge eating and obesity is needed to refine treatments for both conditions. Discounting, an experimental paradigm that examines changes in the value of delayed or uncertain outcomes, may provide an objective assessment of impulsive behavior. Impulsivity may perpetuate binge eating, but discounting tasks have never been evaluated with eating disordered individuals. A discounting procedure could help differentiate individuals with eating/weight problems from controls in terms …