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Mental Health Disparities In Racial And Ethnic Minorities: The Impact Of Nativity And Ethnicity On Depression And Anxiety, Henna Budhwani
Mental Health Disparities In Racial And Ethnic Minorities: The Impact Of Nativity And Ethnicity On Depression And Anxiety, Henna Budhwani
All ETDs from UAB
This research examined factors associated with mental health outcomes for minority groups residing in the United States, with an emphasis on racial and ethnic minorities and a further segmentation between those born in the United States and those born outside the United States. Two theories were used: the Healthy Migrant Theory and Health Lifestyles Theory. In combination, they identified important elements, such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, exposure to discrimination, and health lifestyle behaviors, thought to influence mental health outcomes. Nine hypotheses were presented; support was mixed. Some support was found to support the idea that nativity, independently, influenced mental health …
Effects Of Mobile Internet Use On College Student Pedestrian Injury Risk, Katherine Walker Byington
Effects Of Mobile Internet Use On College Student Pedestrian Injury Risk, Katherine Walker Byington
All ETDs from UAB
Unintentional pedestrian injury is a leading cause of death in the United States. Given the complexity of accurately judging the safety of a street crossing, the task likely becomes even more challenging when pedestrians become distracted by attempting to multitask. Newly introduced cell phone functionalities such as mobile internet may introduce distraction that goes beyond the basic cognitive demand of a phone conversation or even text messaging, both of which distract pedestrians and increase unsafe behavior. The present study examined participants' pedestrian behavior while distracted by mobile internet applications. In addition, we aimed to explore college students' perceptions of the …
The Impact Of Speed Of Processing Training On Physical Function And Mobility Trajectories In Old Age., Joan Elizabeth Dodson
The Impact Of Speed Of Processing Training On Physical Function And Mobility Trajectories In Old Age., Joan Elizabeth Dodson
All ETDs from UAB
Multiple research studies have shown transfer effects in everyday functioning with speed of processing training. Research has also shown that processing speed predicts physical function and mobility trajectories, with declining speed predicting weaker physical capacities and smaller life space. Additionally, it is well established that processing speed declines in older adults. As processing speed is a modifable cognitive ability, it is possible that speed of processing training may be useful to improve physical function and mobility outcomes in the aging population. The current study examined 5-year trajectories of mobility and physical function in 1400 older adults to ascertain if speed …
Early-In-Life Bladder Inflammation Alters Kappa-Opioid Modulation Of Inflammatory Bladder Pain, Amber Dianne Shaffer
Early-In-Life Bladder Inflammation Alters Kappa-Opioid Modulation Of Inflammatory Bladder Pain, Amber Dianne Shaffer
All ETDs from UAB
In adult female rats, zymosan-induced inflammation of the bladder leads to bladder hypersensitivity, as reflected in augmented visceromotor reflex (VMR) responses to urinary bladder distension (UBD). Prior early-in-life (EIL) experience with bladder inflammation further increases bladder hypersensitivity. Naloxone increases bladder hypersensitivity in animals inflamed only as adults, but not in animals inflamed EIL, indicating that bladder inflammation recruits an inhibitory opioid system which may be impaired by EIL inflammation. This thesis examined what role the dynorphin/κ-opioid system played in mediating bladder hypersensitivity through the impairment of opioid inhibition. In all experiments, animals were treated EIL (P14-P16) and as adults with …
Executive Functioning And Behavior Among Very Low Birth Weight Children At School-Age, Desiree Maria De Jong
Executive Functioning And Behavior Among Very Low Birth Weight Children At School-Age, Desiree Maria De Jong
All ETDs from UAB
Children born prematurely and/or with low birth weight (LBW) are at significantly higher risk than their full-term peers for developing cognitive, behavioral, attention, and executive functioning (EF) difficulties by school-age. The difficulties experienced by this population typically persist well into adolescence and vary as a function of birth weight, with infants weighing less at significantly higher risk for long-term problems. However, there is little consensus with regard to the specific factors that place preterm and LBW children at greatest risk for EF and behavioral impairments. A primary purpose of the current study was to examine the degree to which neonatal/ …
Surviving Stem: Mentoring, Self-Effiacay And Career Intentions Of Female Graduate Students In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math, Elizabeth Allyne Yost
Surviving Stem: Mentoring, Self-Effiacay And Career Intentions Of Female Graduate Students In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math, Elizabeth Allyne Yost
All ETDs from UAB
The state of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) is not equitable to that of their male counterparts. While great strides have been taken in the last few years, many areas of STEM are still unable to draw equitable numbers of women into the academy. One way to encourage women to enter in and remain in the academy is through mentoring. Through mentoring, women are able to see that a career path is possible for them and better learn how to navigate the structure of the academy. Mentoring has also been shown to increase self-efficacy, which the Social …
Cognitive Functioning In Adults Aging With Hiv: Exploring Cognitive Subtypes And Influential Factors, Pariya L. Fazeli
Cognitive Functioning In Adults Aging With Hiv: Exploring Cognitive Subtypes And Influential Factors, Pariya L. Fazeli
All ETDs from UAB
Research suggests that individuals with HIV may be at risk for declines in cognitive functioning. Cluster analytic studies have suggested that there may be unique cognitive subgroups in HIV, with some individuals exhibiting normal cognitive performance, some with global cognitive deficits, and some with unique cognitive deficits in specific domains. The purpose of the current study was to perform a cluster analysis in a sample of adults (N = 78; Mage = 46.61) with HIV and to compare these clusters with an HIV-negative reference group (N = 84; Mage = 47.93) on cognitive, functional, demographic, and mental and physical health …
Parental Influences On Driving Behavior In Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Annie Artiga Garner
Parental Influences On Driving Behavior In Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Annie Artiga Garner
All ETDs from UAB
Drivers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are approximately six times more likely to become involved in a motor vehicle crash (MVC) than drivers without the disorder. Moreover, adolescent drivers with ADHD are likely at greater risk because their attention regulation difficulties are exacerbated by their driving inexperience. Research has primarily focused on the impact of ADHD on driving outcomes among adults. Thus, there is little literature assessing the role of parents in influencing driving outcomes of adolescents with ADHD. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of parenting practices during middle adolescence on the driving outcomes of adolescents with …
Memory Profiles In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment And Their Associations With Other Cognitive Domains And Functional Abilities, Timothy J. O'Brien
Memory Profiles In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment And Their Associations With Other Cognitive Domains And Functional Abilities, Timothy J. O'Brien
All ETDs from UAB
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is thought to represent the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Current criteria for amnestic-MCI do not specify the nature of memory impairments, which could be in learning or retrieval of information in verbal or visual domains. While 1.5 standard deviations (SD) below normative samples has been accepted to define cognitive impairment, this standard may be relatively stringent, or may lack specificity to identify mild functional impairment. Baseline data for 71 individuals with consensus-diagnosed MCI enrolled in the Measuring Independent Living in the Elderly Study (MILES) was utilized to investigate patterns of verbal and visual learning and …
Explaining The Link Between Parental Educational Expectations And Chinese High School Students' Academic Achievement: The Roles Of Psychological Distress, Parental Involvement, And Filial Piety, Wei Su
All ETDs from UAB
The current study addressed the relationship between short-term and long-term parental educational expectations and Chinese high school students' academic achievement. We proposed five factors and mechanisms to explain this relationship, including nonlinear associations of parental educational expectations with adolescents' academic achievement, mediation effects of child psychological distress, mediation effects of parental involvement, effects of parent-child discrepancies in educational expectations, and moderating effects of filial piety. Four hundred and ninety-one 12th graders from a mainland Chinese high school and their parents were recruited in this study, with a mean age of 18.4 years and 57% girls. When not adjusting for previous …
Fmri Investigation Of Intertemporal Discounting In Schizophrenia, Kathy Burton Avsar
Fmri Investigation Of Intertemporal Discounting In Schizophrenia, Kathy Burton Avsar
All ETDs from UAB
Schizophrenia is most recognizable by positive symptoms of hallucinations and delusions, but the cognitive deficits and negative symptoms contribute more to functional deficits. The delay discounting (DD) task, with choices between a small immediate reward and a larger delayed reward, tapping into both executive function and reward processing, may prove useful in identifying cognitive and reward processing abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. In the present study, we used the discounting parameter, k, to assess whether patients with schizophrenia preferred more immediate rewards than healthy controls. We used a model fit statistic, R2, as a measure of choice consistency, quantified using a …