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Does The Sverdrup Relation Account For The Mid-Atlantic Circulation?, Ants Leetmaa, Pearn Niiler, Henry Stommel
Does The Sverdrup Relation Account For The Mid-Atlantic Circulation?, Ants Leetmaa, Pearn Niiler, Henry Stommel
Journal of Marine Research
A comparison is made between the geostrophic transport across selected latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the theoretical transport as derived from the Sverdrup relationship. In the subtropical gyre these agree to within the error estimates. At 32°N and 24°N the interior geostrophic transports compare well with the measured values in the Florida Straits off Jacksonville.
On The Deep General Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr.
On The Deep General Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
Very large (5-10 cm s-1) long-term averaged zonal flows have been observed near 4000 m depth in the vicinity of a recently hypothesized (Worthington, in press) horizontally restricted subtropical gyre in the deep western North Atlantic. The Reynolds stresses associated with low frequency fluctuations may play a significant role in the dynamics of this deep mean flow, possibly inducing a significant downstream increase in transport of the Gulf Stream, perhaps driving the deep gyre.
The Annual Cycle Of The Gulf Loop Current Part I: Observations During A One-Year Time Series, George A. Maul
The Annual Cycle Of The Gulf Loop Current Part I: Observations During A One-Year Time Series, George A. Maul
Journal of Marine Research
The Gulf Loop Current is that portion of the Gulf Stream System which connects the Yucatan Current and the Florida Current in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. An experiment to test the annual cycle proposed by Leipper (1970) was conducted from August, 1972, through September, 1973. Twelve pathlines of the 22°C isotherm at 100 meters depth were made from Yucatan to the Florida Keys at 36-day intervals in conjunction with a satellite oceanography project....
Upper Layer Hydrographic Conditions At The Yucatan Strait During May, 1972, Robert L. Molinari, Robert E. Yager
Upper Layer Hydrographic Conditions At The Yucatan Strait During May, 1972, Robert L. Molinari, Robert E. Yager
Journal of Marine Research
Average hydrographic conditions above 800m, including temperature, salinity, velocity, and volume transport, across the Yucatan Strait, during May, 1972, are presented. Direct current measurements at the surface are used as an absolute reference level for the geostrophic computations....
Energetics Of The Florida Current, Irving H. Brooks, Pearn P. Niiler
Energetics Of The Florida Current, Irving H. Brooks, Pearn P. Niiler
Journal of Marine Research
During the summer of 1974, fifty free-drop transport profiles and STD/XBT profiles were carried out in the Florida Current at 14 stations along the 25°51.00'N latitude. From these data and from the historical free-drop data 12 km to the south, a computation is made of the energy flow from the mean current to the fluctuations over the entire cross-section of the Florida Straits. Statistically significant areas of both potential and kinetic energy conversion are computed....
Repeated Nutrient, Oxygen, And Density Sections Through The Loop Current, John M. Morrison, Worth D. Nowlin Jr.
Repeated Nutrient, Oxygen, And Density Sections Through The Loop Current, John M. Morrison, Worth D. Nowlin Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
Based on observations made in May, 1972, the nutrient and dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the offshore waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico are described and related to the Loop Current and anticyclonic current rings, which are the principal circulation features of this region. The characteristic relationships of oxygen and nutrients to density parameters are presented...
Simultaneous Pressure, Velocity And Temperature Measurements In The Florida Straits, Carl Wunsch, Mark Wimbush
Simultaneous Pressure, Velocity And Temperature Measurements In The Florida Straits, Carl Wunsch, Mark Wimbush
Journal of Marine Research
We present a descriptive picture of the variability in the Florida Current as measured by a large number of current meters, temperature sensors, and bottom mounted pressure sensors in the period March-August, 1974. Because of the very high velocities, only measurements made in the near-bottom region were possible. The tidal regime is found to be somewhat more complex than postulated from earlier measurements....
Scales Of Motion In The Deep Gulf Stream And Across The Continental Rise, James R. Luyten
Scales Of Motion In The Deep Gulf Stream And Across The Continental Rise, James R. Luyten
Journal of Marine Research
An array of 15 moorings with 33 current meters was deployed in the deep water across the Continental Rise near 70°W for eight months. The data thus obtained provide the first synoptic view of the large amplitude, long period variability associated with the deep Gulf Stream region, shown here to have meridional scales of 150 km but zonal scales of less than 50 km. These fluctuations are associated with temperature variation of 0.5°C and exhibit a southward phase propagation of 10 cm/sec.
Low-Frequency Current Variability And Spin-Off Eddies Along The Shelf Off Southeast Florida, Thomas N. Lee, Dennis A. Mayer
Low-Frequency Current Variability And Spin-Off Eddies Along The Shelf Off Southeast Florida, Thomas N. Lee, Dennis A. Mayer
Journal of Marine Research
Time series analyses of current meter records from a 6-element box array installed on the narrow shelf (<5 km) off Miami, Florida revealed two distinct current regimes. Current oscillations at the shelf break (30m isobath) appeared to be primarily produced by Florida Current spawned events, such as low frequency (periods of 2 days to 2 weeks) wave-like meanders of the Florida Current and the transient occurrence of small diameter spin-off eddies, both of which may be indirectly related to wind forcing....
Low-Frequency Variability In The Florida Current And Relations To Atmospheric Forcing From 1972 To 1974, Walter O. Düing, Christopher N.K. Mooers, Thomas N. Lee
Low-Frequency Variability In The Florida Current And Relations To Atmospheric Forcing From 1972 To 1974, Walter O. Düing, Christopher N.K. Mooers, Thomas N. Lee
Journal of Marine Research
Two-year records of temperature and current from a single subsurface mooring are demonstrated to be representative of the fluctuation spectrum of the Florida Current for time scales of several days to one or more years. The dominant subinertial motions occur in three period bands: from 8 to 25 days, 4 to 5 days, and 2 to 3 days. Simultaneous observations in a crossstream array reveal energy maxima in the same bands for all locations....
Absorption Of An Organic Film At The Platinum-Seawater Interface, George I. Loeb, Rex A. Neihof
Absorption Of An Organic Film At The Platinum-Seawater Interface, George I. Loeb, Rex A. Neihof
Journal of Marine Research
Optical polarization analysis with an ellipsometer and microelectrophoretic and contact angle measurements all indicate that large changes in the properties of the platinum metal surface occurred on contact with Chesapeake Bay water from which particles and microorganisms had been removed. These changes were not observed with the same water from which organics had been removed by a photo-oxidation procedure....
Vertical Variation In Particulate Matter In The Upper Twenty Centimeters Of Marine Sediments, Ralph Gordon Johnson
Vertical Variation In Particulate Matter In The Upper Twenty Centimeters Of Marine Sediments, Ralph Gordon Johnson
Journal of Marine Research
A microscopic examination was made of the vertical distribution and abundance of particulate matter in six dissimilar cores of marine sediment. Two of the cores were taken in the intertidal and two in the shallow subtidal at stations in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. One core was taken in the Hudson Canyon and another at abyssal depths. Biological stains were used to identify potential food particles at the sediment-water interface, at two cm below the interface and at five cm intervals to a maximum depth of 20 cm.
Zonal Pressure Gradient Along The Equatorial Atlantic, Eli Joel Katz, R. Belevitsch, J. Bruce, V. Bubnov, J. Cochrane, W. Düing, P. Hisard, H.-U. Lass, J. Meincke, A. Demesquita, L. Miller, A. Rybnikov
Zonal Pressure Gradient Along The Equatorial Atlantic, Eli Joel Katz, R. Belevitsch, J. Bruce, V. Bubnov, J. Cochrane, W. Düing, P. Hisard, H.-U. Lass, J. Meincke, A. Demesquita, L. Miller, A. Rybnikov
Journal of Marine Research
For three consecutive periods during the summer of 1974, ships of many nations made observations along the Atlantic equator as part of the GATE program [GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment]. Combining these observations, it is found that the zonal pressure gradient over the central Atlantic at the surface and at 50 dbar, relative to 500 dbar, increased from 3.2 to 7.3 and 2.2 to 5.3 × 10-5 dynes/g respectively between June/July and August and then held close to the high values in September....
Diatoms As Tools For Assay Of Total B12 Activity And Cyanocobalamin Activity In Sea Water, Dorothy G. Swift, Robert R.L. Guillard
Diatoms As Tools For Assay Of Total B12 Activity And Cyanocobalamin Activity In Sea Water, Dorothy G. Swift, Robert R.L. Guillard
Journal of Marine Research
The total cobamide concentration (vitamin B12 plus B12 analogs active for some organisms) can be determined in sea water by bioassay utilizing growth of the centric diatom Bellerochea polymorpha clone 675-d. Vitamin B12 activity can be determined by bioassay utilizing Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H; hence the activity of vitamin B12 analogs can be determined by difference....
Latitudinal Relationships Among Temperature And Selected Plant Nutrients Along The West Coast Of North And South America, S.-J. Zentara, D. Kamykowski
Latitudinal Relationships Among Temperature And Selected Plant Nutrients Along The West Coast Of North And South America, S.-J. Zentara, D. Kamykowski
Journal of Marine Research
The relationships among temperature and selected plant nutrients (nitrate, phosphate and silicate) were determined in marine waters for 10° latitudinal (longitudinal) bands along the west coast of North and South America. Data within each 10° band were obtained from the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center, the Canadian Oceanographic Data Center or major oceanographic institutions....
Methods For Estimating Directional Wave Spectra From Multi-Element Arrays, Russ E. Davis, Lloyd A. Regier
Methods For Estimating Directional Wave Spectra From Multi-Element Arrays, Russ E. Davis, Lloyd A. Regier
Journal of Marine Research
1. Introduction The Fourier wavenumber-frequency spectrum of a scalar variable η, with zero mean, is defined…
Calculation Of Equatorial Currents, Yu. L. Demin, A. S. Sarkisyan
Calculation Of Equatorial Currents, Yu. L. Demin, A. S. Sarkisyan
Journal of Marine Research
Many calculations of the stationary and seasonal currents in the nonequatorial regions of the oceans have been done using an earlier model published by Sarkisyan (1969). The references list several new publications in this series (Bulatov et al.; Demin, 1975). The detailed analysis and survey of the diagnostic calculations were published recently in English (Sarkisyan, 1977)....
Community Patterns And Adaptive Strategies Of The Infaunal Benthos Of Long Island Sound, Peter L. Mccall
Community Patterns And Adaptive Strategies Of The Infaunal Benthos Of Long Island Sound, Peter L. Mccall
Journal of Marine Research
Nearshore communities of infaunal benthos on soft bottoms are characterized by a highly variable species composition. Some species undergo large spatial and temporal variations in local abundance; other members of the same community change only a little....
Observations Of The Power And Directional Spectrum Of Ocean Surface Waves, Lloyd A. Regier, Russ E. Davis
Observations Of The Power And Directional Spectrum Of Ocean Surface Waves, Lloyd A. Regier, Russ E. Davis
Journal of Marine Research
Estimates of the power spectrum and directional spectrum of oceanic surface waves were obtained from data taken during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX). Wind speeds ranged from 5 to 10 m s-1 throughout the month's duration of the experiment....
Interaction Of Inertia-Gravity Waves With The Wind, Melvin E. Stern
Interaction Of Inertia-Gravity Waves With The Wind, Melvin E. Stern
Journal of Marine Research
An inertia-gravity wave which propagates upwind and upward in the thermocline has a reflection coefficient r which is greater than unity ("overreflection") as a result of the wave current interaction in the mixed layer which overlies the thermocline….
Relationships Between The Bivalve Macoma Balthica And Bacteria In Intertidal Sediments: Minas Basin, Bay Of Fundy, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael J. Risk
Relationships Between The Bivalve Macoma Balthica And Bacteria In Intertidal Sediments: Minas Basin, Bay Of Fundy, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael J. Risk
Journal of Marine Research
The extensive intertidal flats of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, support some of the highest population densities of Macoma balthica ever recorded. Densities of Macoma are positively correlated with density of bacteria in the sediment; correlations with tidal elevation and organic carbon content of the sediment are not significant. Macoma density appears to be related to the amount of fine material present in the sediment. Although Macoma feeds on the bacteria within the sediment, it must supplement its diet by suspension-feeding during high tide in order to acquire sufficient protein.
A Model Of Phytoplankton Plume Formation During Variable Oregon Upwelling, J. S. Wroblewski
A Model Of Phytoplankton Plume Formation During Variable Oregon Upwelling, J. S. Wroblewski
Journal of Marine Research
A time dependent, two-dimensional, marine ecosystem model relates wind events, upwelling, and primary production off the Oregon coast. Model predictions of daily primary production (mg N m-2 day-1) increase soon after an intensification of the northerly component of the wind stress. Paradoxically the highest phytoplankton concentration occurs upon relaxation of winds after a major upwelling event....
The Effects Of Coastal Geometry On Equatorial Waves (Forced Waves In The Gulf Of Guinea), S. G.H. Philander
The Effects Of Coastal Geometry On Equatorial Waves (Forced Waves In The Gulf Of Guinea), S. G.H. Philander
Journal of Marine Research
The response of a stratified, semi-infinite equatorial ocean, bounded by a zonal coast close to the equator, to forcing at a given frequency and zonal wavenumber, is considered. If the coast is distant from the equator, the vertically propagating waves that are excited could include an infinite set of inertia-gravity waves, a finite set of Rossby waves, a Rossby-gravity wave and a coastally or equatorially trapped Kelvin wave....
Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions: Ii. The Linear Equatorial Bounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik
Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions: Ii. The Linear Equatorial Bounded Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik
Journal of Marine Research
This paper extends the results of Cane and Sarachik (1976) to an ocean bounded by two meridians. A complete solution is obtained for the asymptotic linear inviscid response to wind stress and thermal forcings independent of longitude, switched on at t=0 and steady thereafter. The mathematics is greatly simplified by building on the results of the earlier paper. The form of the solution is relatively simple...
The Respiration Of Photosynthetic Carbon In Eutrophic Areas Of The Ocean, Walker O. Smith Jr.
The Respiration Of Photosynthetic Carbon In Eutrophic Areas Of The Ocean, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
The respiration of photosynthetic carbon by phytoplankton populations from upwelling regions was calculated from the difference in 6- and 24-h productivity incubations after the light intensity received in the 6-h incubations had been normalized to the light intensity received in 24 h. The results indicate that the phytoplankton off Northwest Africa respired 13.4% of the previously fixed photosynthetic carbon. A direct experimental test of the results confirms the calculations....
Variations In Ammonium Enhancement, An Indication Of Nitrogen Deficiency In New England Coastal Phytoplankton Populations, Clarice M. Yentsch, Charles S. Yentsch, Lois R. Strube
Variations In Ammonium Enhancement, An Indication Of Nitrogen Deficiency In New England Coastal Phytoplankton Populations, Clarice M. Yentsch, Charles S. Yentsch, Lois R. Strube
Journal of Marine Research
Phytoplankton populations in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine have been tested for cellular nitrogen deficiency by adding ammonium to the dark bottle in a conventional 14C experiment. In phytoplankton cultures it has been shown that under conditions of nitrogen limitation to growth, accelerated dark fixation after ammonium addition signals the onset of cellular nitrogen deficiency....
Note On The Significance Of A Previous Rossby Wave Fit To Internal Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, Lorenz Magaard, James M. Price
Note On The Significance Of A Previous Rossby Wave Fit To Internal Temperature Fluctuations In The Eastern Pacific, Lorenz Magaard, James M. Price
Journal of Marine Research
This note refers to a paper by Emery and Magaard (1976), where it was shown that low frequency internal temperature fluctuations in parts of the Eastern Pacific can, to a large extent, be interpreted by a baroclinic Rossby wave model. Fitting a generalized wave model to the same data used by Emery and Magaard shows that the Rossby wave model yields not only a good but, in a certain sense, the best fit, which reinforces the case for the existence of baroclinic Rossby waves in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Infaunal Macrobenthos Off Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara, Jean Nichols, Gilbert T. Rowe
Infaunal Macrobenthos Off Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara, Jean Nichols, Gilbert T. Rowe
Journal of Marine Research
Cap Blanc, Spanish Sahara is characterized by a nearshore benthic faunal province physically controlled by rates of sedimentation, conservatively estimated at 4 cm/yr, with a gradual transition across the continental shelf to a second province in a zone with high phytoplankton production of 2 gm C m-2 d-1 induced by upwelling at the continental shelf's outer margin....
Secular Variability In The Baroclinic Structure Of The Interior North Pacific From 1950-1970, Warren B. White
Secular Variability In The Baroclinic Structure Of The Interior North Pacific From 1950-1970, Warren B. White
Journal of Marine Research
Recently White (1975) found significant year to year changes in the baroclinic transport of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific. To determine the spatial variability in the general circulation associated with this change in bulk transport, the baroclinic potential energy (BPE) in the mid-latitude interior from 20-50N, 145E-130W is mapped (using the methods of optimum interpolation) onto a regular 5 degree latitude/ 10 degree longitude grid each year from 1950-1970....
Coral Growth In Upwelling And Nonupwelling Areas Off The Pacific Coast Of Panama, Peter W. Glynn
Coral Growth In Upwelling And Nonupwelling Areas Off The Pacific Coast Of Panama, Peter W. Glynn
Journal of Marine Research
The mean growth rate of the dominant reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis was significantly different in upwelling (Gulf of Panama) and nonupwelling (Gulf of Chiriquí) environments on the Pacific coast of Panama. Mean annual growth was 3.1 cm/yr at Saboga Island, Gulf of Panama and 3.9 cm/yr at the Secas study site, Gulf of Chiriquí....