Digital Commons Network^™

The Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 14, No. 3, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Book Review Salt Tide: Cycles and Currents of Life Along the Coast. Anne Newsom
• Dragonflies: Hawks of the Insect World! Kirk Havens
• Corp of Engineers Maneuvering to Adjust James River Dredging Restrictions.Tom Barnard
• New Scholarship Housed at VIMS Online Fauna and Flora Data in Virginia. Marcia Berman
• Natural Lighting: Colonial Necessity is Today’s Craft. Pam Mason

Remote Sensing Of Natural Areas: Procedures And Considerations For Assessing Vegetation Composition Change, Land Development, And Erosion, Jason Goldberg, James Perry, John Anderson, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Management In Chesapeake Bay, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Robert J. Byrne

Reports

This document describes and illustrates specific, practical responses to shoreline management issues. We will begin with a look at the evolution of the Chesapeake Bay and its ongoing, long-term processes. We will proceed to a discussion of the daily, physical mechanisms that affect shoreline change and the topics professionals address in evaluating sites. We will then discuss strategies for managing shorelines, such as bulkheads, seawalls, revetments, groins, breakwaters, beach nourishment, and marsh fringes, as well as taking no action. Finally, we will give you a framework to apply these ideas in terms of the physical environment at the site and …

Ecological Functions Of Constructed Oyster Reefs Along An Environmental Gradient In Chesapeake Bay: Final Report, Fx O'Beirn, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, J Harding, J Nestlerode

Reports

Oyster reef habitat restoration within the Chesapeake Bay has as its objectives not only the enhancement of the commercially important oyster stocks, but also the restoration of associated assemblages of organisms and, most importantly, the restoration of ecological functions associated with natural reef communities. Despite our efforts to date, many uncertainties still exist with respect to achieving these restoration goals. These include long-term information on the temporal sequence of community development on new reef substrate, evaluating oyster recruitment patterns (a) across restored reef systems and (b) in relation to resident brood stocks.

In this study we sought to characterize the …

The Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 14, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Virginia Horseshoe Crab Management Update. Tom Barnard and Lyle Varnell
• Applications for Wetlands Restoration in the Elizabeth River Watershed. Marcia Berman
• Historic Wetland Loss in the Elizabeth River. Walter I. Priest, III
• Recorded History was Revolutionized By a Wetland Plant. Pam Mason

The Crest, Summer 1999, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Table of Contents:

• New Research Aquarium System
• Finfish Aquaculture at VIMS
• Virginia Creates State Research Reserve System
• Pollution-Laden Sediments In Constant Flux
• Survey of Mid-Atlantic Sea Scallop Closed Areas
• Pfiesteria Update
• New Computer Program Helps Planners Balance Growth, Protection
• Virginia Sea Grant to Administer Commercial Fishery Resource Program
• VIMS Stranded Sea Turtle Project Underway Coastal Sediments Offer Clues to Climate Change, Pollution
• Seemingly Barren Habitat Proves Vital for Economically Important Virginia Fish (juvenile flounder)

Remote Sensing Of Natural Areas: Procedures And Considerations For Assessing Stress And Pollution, Jason Goldberg, James Perry, John Anderson, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Elizabeth River Tbt Monitoring Report On Tbt Methodology Detection Limit, Precision And Linearity, Michael A. Unger

Reports

The purpose of this project was to determine the accuracy, precision, linearity and Method Detection Limit (MDL) for tributyltin (TBT) analytical techniques available at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science prior to implementing an environmental monitoring program in the Elizabeth River, Virginia. This precursory work is to document the ability of analytical techniques to accurately detect TBT in ambient water samples at concentrations of 1 ng/L and greater.

Tulloch Ditching, Carl Hershner, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Increasing The Probability Of Success In Restored Forested Wetlands, Kirk J. Havens, Gene Silberhorn

Reports

This study investigated survival and growth of two distinct ecotypic populations, with varying tolerance to waterlogging, of four species, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, Carpinus caroliniana Walt., Quercus michauxii Nutt. and Quercus pagoda Raf. (Syn. Q.falcata var. pagodifolia Ell.).

The Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 14, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Horseshoes Anyone? Tom Barnard and Lyle Varnell
• Striped Mullet. Lyle Varnell
• Shoreline Situation Reports: Revised, Revisited, and Updated. Marcia Berman
• Wetlands
• Initiative Gains Momentum. Carl Hershner The Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq. Pam Mason
• Compensatory Mitigation Issues: Is the planting of nonvegetated wetlands with wetland plants an acceptable form of mitigation? Kirk Havens
• What are benchmarks and why are they important in my permit application drawings? William Roberts

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Vims Shoreline Permit Database Impacts And Alterations Summary 1988 - 1992, Walter I. Priest Iii, Lyle M. Varnell, Thomas A. Barnard, Julie G. Bradshaw, Kirk J. Havens, Carl Hershner, Pamela Mason, William L. Roberts, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Management Plan With Habitat Enhancement For Town Of Saxis, Virginia, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, George R. Thomas, Rebecca C.H. Brindley, Lyle M. Varnell, Walter L. Priest, Sharon Dewing

Reports

The goal of the present study is to identify the best course of action to manage shoreline erosion in Saxis and to provide a detailed Shoreline Management Plan with Habitat Enhancement which can be presented to potential State and Federal funding agencies. While the Plan itself will not resolve the erosion conditions in Saxis, it will allow the Town to market its need and the method of resolution of this need, to agencies and leaders with the resources to implement the Plan’s suggested actions. The shoreline management plan will provide the necessary level of shoreline stabilization while minimizing adverse impacts …

A Two-Component Aggregation Model, Thomas A. Chisholm Jr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

An aggregation model which allows specification of primary particle size, density, and fractal dimension for two different particle types was written. Three stickiness values are used, the stickiness of each particle type to itself and the stickiness between particle types. Aggregation mechanisms considered include differential settling and turbulent shear. The model is used in three forms. In its simplest form, it operates on a closed system with aggregates breaking up when their size approaches the Kolmogorov scale. If the system begins with two types of primary particles, larger aggregates have uniform composition. A second version of the model includes removal …

Reproductive Success Of Black Skimmers On An Artificial Island: Effects Of Hatching Date And Feeding Rate, Christopher Alan Gordon

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Environmental Stress In Hard Coral: Evaluating Lipid As An Indicator Of Sublethal Stress On Short Time Scales, David Harold Niebuhr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Lipid quality was evaluated in Montastrea spp. under sediment- and heat-stressed conditions to evaluate lipid ratio as an indicator of sub-lethal stress on short time scales. The ratio of storage lipid (wax ester + triacylglyceride) to structural lipid (sterol esters + phospholipid) decreased significantly (0.25 to 0.14, p < 0.01) after experimental sedimentation. FAME analysis of colonies exposed to experimental sedimentation showed a reduction of the algal, 18:3(n-6) and 18:4(n-3), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the polar lipid fraction. This loss of PUFA suggests a loss of algal membrane in sediment-stressed colonies. Lipid quality was similarly measured in M. faveolata over a 10-day period. Mean (n = 20) ratio of storage to structural lipid in M. faveolata dropped from 2.43 to a level of 0.98 immediately following a natural sedimentation event before recovering to levels of 1.4 and 2.9 on post-storm days 2 and 4, respectively. Colonies of M. annularis subject to heat-stress (35??C) exhibited no significant change in storage lipid ratio, while levels of Free Fatty Acids increased significantly from 0.012 (n = 22) to 0.156 mg lipid/g dry tissue (n = 22)(p < 0.05). FAME analysis of tissue lipids extracted from the heat-stressed colonies showed changes in the polar fraction, with significant decreases in the 18:3(n-6), 18:3(n-3), 18:4(n-3), 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3) (p < 0.05) PUFA and subsequent significant increases in the saturated fatty acids, 16:0 and 18:0 (p < 0.05). These changes in lipid quantity and quality indicate possible oxidation and preferential digestion of zooxanthellar membranes. Stress experiments were repeated in M. annularis using VacutainerRTM blood collection tubes to collect micro-tissue samples without destroying skeleton of the sample colonies. A significant decrease in storage: structural lipid ratio after sedimentation was also detected using the micro-tissue technique. This study indicates that the relative abundance of lipid subclass components can indicate sub-lethal environmental stress, on short time scales, in M. annularis and M. faveolata. Furthermore, micro-tissue collection techniques permit repeated monitoring coral colonies to assess the manifestation of stress from first detection of impact at the cellular level to changes in community to changes in community structure detectable over longer time scales.

Geochemistry Of Small Mountainous Rivers Of Papua New Guinea: Local Observations And Global Implications, Megan B. Raymond

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Small, wet mountainous rivers (runoff > 0.63 m yr" 1 , headwater elevation> 1000 m, basin area < 10,000 km2 ) contribute a disproportionate amount of sediment to the global ocean due to their steep high topography, erosive substrate, and often high precipitation. Scattered data have suggested a slight, but statistically insignificant, inverse relationship between total dissolved solid (TDS) yield (T km-2 yr-1 ) and basin area, but small to very small rivers (basin areas< 10,000 km2 ) have been poorly documented. To fill this data gap, as well as to elucidate possible links between weathering and basin hydrology, nine small wet mountainous rivers, basin areas 22 km2-2300 km2 , were sampled in late May 1997 in northeastern Papua New Guinea. TDS concentrations ranged from 75 to 148 mg L-1 , with no correlation to watershed area. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) values were low, with a mean DOC value of 135 f.Lmol L-1 ; POC values were lower, averaging 3lf.Lmol L- 1 • TDS data, combined with large wet mountainous river TDS data, demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between TDS yield and basin area. As a result, small wet mountainous rivers contribute a disproportionate amount of TDS, and have the highest TDS yields of any class of river. This observation is attributed to the high runoff of the sampled rivers (-2m yr-1 ), in addition to high rates of chemical weathering, which is facilitated by the erosive substrate and high rates of organic matter remineralization.

Estimation Of Bacterial Respiration And Growth Efficiency In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, C. A. Carlson, N. R. Bates, H. W. Ducklow, D. A. Hansell

VIMS Articles

Seawater cultures were conducted in large volume (36 l) gas impermeable tri-laminate bags for the purpose of empirically deriving bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and carbon conversion factors (CCF) in the south central Ross Sea. This experimental design allowed for concomitant measurements of metabolic reactants (loss of total and dissolved organic carbon [TOC and DOG]) and products (gain of total carbon dioxide [TCO2] and bacterial biomass) to be made from a single incubation vessel. Some previous studies have relied on proxy measurements (e.g. O-2, H-3-thymidine incorporation and cell abundance) to determine BGE and CCF rather than direct carbon measurements. Our experimental …

Bacterial Growth In Experimental Plankton Assemblages And Seawater Cultures From The Phaeocystis Antarctica Bloom In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, H. W. Ducklow, C. Carlson, Walker O. Smith Jr.

VIMS Articles

A series of seawater culture experiments was carried out during the Phaeocystis antarctica bloom in the Ross Sea polynya (76.5 degrees S, 180 degrees W; November to December 1994 and December 1995 to January 1996) to examine bacterioplankton growth and derive empirical factors for estimating bacterial production rates. Bacterial growth was exponential over 3 to 10 d in all experiments, at rates of ca 0.1 to 0.7 d(-1), even in persistently cold waters (-2 to + 1 degrees C). Growth rates were lower in the early part of the bloom (early to mid-November) and highest during the period of peak …

Spatial And Temporal Distributions Of Organic Matter And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) In Surface Waters Of The York River, Va Estuary, Rebecca E. Countway

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Carbon Cycling In The York River Estuary: An Isotopic And Mass Balance Approach Using Natural Carbon-14 And Carbon-18 Isotopes, Donald W. Linebaugh

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Crest, Winter 1999, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Table of Contents:

• Experimental Fishery on Georges Bank Holds Promise for the Scallop Industry
• New VIMS Center Boosts Aquafarming
• Invader Threatens Stressed Ecosystem (Rapa Whelk)
• Microscopic Phytoplankton Live Large
• Reality By the Numbers (Computer Modeling)
• Tautog Research
• Latest Returns From the Game Fish Tagging Program
• Educational Landscape Center (VIMS Teaching Marsh)
• Responding to the Chesapeake Executive Council Directive for Wetlands Protection and Restoration Goals
• Dangers to Blue Crabs Accelerating

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 1998, John A. Lucy, C.M. Bain, M. D. Arendt

Reports

The Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program (VGFTP), a cooperative project of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), set records for fish tagged and fish recaptured during 1998, its fourth year of operation.

Distribution Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In The Chesapeake Bay And Tributaries And The Coastal Bays - 1998, R J. Orth, Judith F. Nowak, David J. Wilcox, Jennifer R. Whiting, Leah S. Nagey

Reports

No abstract provided.

Oyster Reef Habitat Restoration : A Synopsis And Synthesis Of Approaches; Proceedings From The Symposium, Williamsburg, Virginia, April 1995, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, James A. Wesson

Reports

This volume has its origin in a symposium held in Williamsburg, VA in April 1995, though most of the chapters have been significantly revised in the interim. The primary purpose of the symposium was to bring together state fisheries managers involved in fisheries-directed oyster enhancement and research scientists to refine approaches for enhancing oyster populations and to better develop the rationale for restoring reef habitats. We could hardly have anticipated the degree to which this been successful. In the interim between the symposium and the publication of this volume the notion that oyster reefs are valuable habitats, both for oysters …