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Experiences Regarding Nutrition And Exercise Among Women During Early Postpartum: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Study, Beth Murray-Davis, Lindsay Grenier, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Michelle F. Mottola, Olive Wahoush, Lehana Thabane, Feng Xie, Jennifer Vickers-Manzin, Caroline Rosenblatt, David Watkins, Avraham Shaag, Stanley H. Korman, Samuel N. Heyman, Aya Gal, J. P. Newman, Bettina Steiner-Birmanns, Oded Abramsky, Yoav Kohn

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Excess gestational weight gain has long- and short-term implications for women and children, and postpartum weight retention is associated with an increased risk of long-term obesity. Despite the existence of dietary and exercise guidelines, many women struggle to return to pre-pregnancy weight. Experiences of women in tackling postpartum weight loss are poorly understood. We undertook this study to explore experiences related to nutrition, exercise and weight in the postpartum in women in Ontario, Canada. Methods: This was a nested qualitative study within The Be Healthy in Pregnancy Study, a randomized controlled trial. Women randomized to the control group were …

Say No To Ros: Their Roles In Embryonic Heart Development And Pathogenesis Of Congenital Heart Defects In Maternal Diabetes, Anish Engineer, Tana Saiyin, Elizabeth R. Greco, Qingping Feng

Paediatrics Publications

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent and serious birth defect, occurring in 1% of all live births. Pregestational maternal diabetes is a known risk factor for the development of CHDs, elevating the risk in the child by more than four-fold. As the prevalence of diabetes rapidly rises among women of childbearing age, there is a need to investigate the mechanisms and potential preventative strategies for these defects. In experimental animal models of pregestational diabetes induced-CHDs, upwards of 50% of offspring display congenital malformations of the heart, including septal, valvular, and outflow tract defects. Specifically, the imbalance of nitric …

The Effects Of Exercise Training Versus Intensive Insulin Treatment On Skeletal Muscle Fibre Content In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rodents, David P. Mcbey

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In patients with Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) undergoing intensive insulin therapy, the development of insulin resistance (IR) is linked to the improper storage of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) species. While both IR and IMCL are improved with combined aerobic and resistance training, it is unclear how these adaptations relate to individual fibre-type transitions and metabolic function. This study aimed to compare the effects of combined exercise training versus conventional and intensive insulin therapy on skeletal muscle fibres in T1DM rodents. Seventeen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups: Control-Sedentary (CS; n=4), conventionally-treated T1DM sedentary (DCT; n=4), intensively-treated T1DM sedentary (DIT; n=5) …

Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Alter The V̇O2p Sc-Muscle Fatigue Relationship In Recreationally Active Men, James Joseph George Vanhie

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The current study assessed alterations to the linear V̇O_2p slow component (V̇O_{2p SC})-muscle fatigue development relationship using dietary nitrate (NO_3^- ) supplementation during very heavy (VH)-intensity constant-work rate cycling exercise. Using a double- blind, block-randomised, crossover design, 8 healthy men (age, 24±2 yr [mean±SD]; V̇O_2p-max, 43.8±6.0 mL/kg/min) consumed NO_3^- -rich (BRJ) or -depleted (PLAC) beetroot juice daily for 20 d. Participants completed pre/post-condition incremental leg cycling V̇O_2p-max and 3-min “sprint” verification exercises. An initial 5 d loading phase was followed, on alternate days, by single trials of VH- or moderate-intensity …

Nutrition And Exercise Interventions During Pregnancy: How Important Is Adherence?, Taniya S. Nagpal

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Lifestyle interventions (nutrition and exercise) offered during pregnancy may prevent excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and improve pregnancy outcomes. The efficacy of previous interventions has been inconsistent as some studies ‘successfully’ achieve their health outcome goals while others have had a null effect. A common limitation reported among ‘unsuccessful’ studies is low adherence. The objective of this dissertation was to execute three independent yet interrelated studies to determine if adherence is a key factor in determining the success of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy. Study 1 compared adherence to ‘successful’ and ‘unsuccessful’ lifestyle interventions during pregnancy using a systematic review. …

Maternal Voluntary Exercise Mitigates Oxidative Stress And Incidence Of Congenital Heart Defects In Pre-Gestational Diabetes, Tana Saiyin, Anish Engineer, Elizabeth R. Greco, Mella Y. Kim, Xiangru Lu, Douglas L. Jones, Qingping Feng

Paediatrics Publications

Women with pre-gestational diabetes have a higher risk of producing children with congenital heart defects (CHDs), caused predominantly by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated if exercise during pregnancy could mitigate oxidative stress and reduce the incidence of CHDs in the offspring of diabetic mice. Female mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce pre-gestational diabetes, then mated with healthy males to produce offspring. They were also given access to running wheels 1 week before mating and allowed to exercise voluntarily until E18.5. Heart morphology, gene expression, and oxidative stress were assessed in foetal hearts. Maternal voluntary exercise results …

The Healthesteps™ Lifestyle Prescription Program To Improve Physical Activity And Modifiable Risk Factors For Chronic Disease: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial., Dawn P. Gill, W Blunt, N C Boa Sorte Silva, C Stiller-Moldovan, G Y Zou, R J Petrella

Family Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to determine the influence of the HealtheSteps™ lifestyle prescription program on physical activity and modifiable risk factors for chronic disease in individuals at risk.

METHODS: One hundred eighteen participants were recruited from 5 sites in Southwestern Ontario, Canada and randomized to either the intervention (HealtheSteps™ program, n = 59) or a wait-list control group (n = 59). The study comprised three phases: an Active Phase (0 to 6 months) consisted of bi-monthly in-person lifestyle coaching with access to a suite of eHealth technology supports (Heathesteps app, telephone coaching and a private HealtheSteps™ social network) followed by …

The Process Of Exercise Participation In The Community For Functional Recovery Post Formal Rehabilitation Among Survivors Of Stroke: A Grounded Theory Study, Nicole M. Evans

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The effects of stroke pose a challenge on independence and community participation, which are common goals among survivors of stroke during recovery. Exercises are implemented during rehabilitation services and have a profound effect on functional recovery; however, services are limited, where adherence levels to exercise post discharge are less than ideal. The aim of this research was to understand the process of exercise participation for functional recovery among community living survivors of stroke following discharge from formal rehabilitation. Findings of this constructivist grounded theory study provided insight into the phases leading to exercise commitment –contact with a healthcare provider, desire …

Multicentre, Randomised Clinical Trial Of Paediatric Concussion Assessment Of Rest And Exertion (Pedcare): A Study To Determine When To Resume Physical Activities Following Concussion In Children., Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Nicholas J Barrowman, Kathy Boutis, Adrienne Davis, Sarah Reid, Gurinder Sangha, Ken J Farion, Kevin Belanger, Mark S Tremblay, Keith Owen Yeates, Carol Dematteo, Nick Reed, Roger Zemek

Paediatrics Publications

INTRODUCTION:
Rest until symptom-free, followed by a progressive stepwise return to activities, is often prescribed in the management of paediatric concussions. Recent evidence suggests prolonged rest may hinder recovery, and early resumption of physical activity may be associated with more rapid recovery postconcussion. The primary objective is to determine whether the early reintroduction of non-contact physical activity beginning 72 hours postinjury reduces postconcussive symptoms at 2 weeks in children following an acute concussion as compared with a rest until asymptomatic protocol.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS:
This study is a randomised clinical trial across three Canadian academic paediatric emergency departments. A total …

Effects Of Prenatal Exercise On Fetal Heart Rate, Umbilical And Uterine Blood Flow: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rachel J. Skow, Margie H. Davenport, Michelle Mottola, Gregory A. Davies, Veronica J. Poitras, Casey E. Gray, Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia, Nick Barrowman, Victoria L. Meah, Linda G. Slater, Kristi B. Adamo, Ruben Barakat, Stephanie-May Ruchat

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the influence of acute and chronic prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate (FHR) and umbilical and uterine blood flow metrics.

Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Data sources Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.

Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other …