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Journal Of Sociology And Social Welfare Vol. 4, No. 8 (November 1977)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents • Letter to Editor - i • Reply - iii • Introduction - 1134 • Social Welfare as a By-Product: The Effect of Neo-Mercantilism - DAVID MACAROV - 1135 • The Individual and the Society: A Needed Reexamination of Social Legislation and Policy • RALPH SEGAIMAN - 1145 • Sex Roles and Work Roles in Post-Industrial Society - DIANE BARTHEL - 1171 • Third World Women, World Population Growth: A Case of Blaming the Victim? ELIZABETH W. MOEN - 1186 • Government Spending and Welfare Employment - MARTIN D. LOWENTHAL - 1203 • The Interests of Children …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 4, No. 3 And No. 4 (Jan. - Mar. 1977) Part 1

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

• Hon. George McGovern, United States Senator - 302
• Chauncey Alexander, National Association of Social Workers - 303
• Warfare-Welfare as a Serious Social Problem for Study and Action - L. K. NORTHWOOD, Editor - 305
• Eighteen Leading Social Critics Comment: What is the Real Threat to World Peace and Social Security?
• KENNETH A. KIRKPATRICK and L. K. NORTHWOOD - 323
• A Moment of Truth in the Warfare-Welfare Debate: The Transfer Amendment - HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN - 339
• New York City and the Economic Crisis - JOSEPH HARRIS - 351
• The Warfare-Welfare Tradeoff: Health, Public Aid, and Housing - KATHLEEN PEROFF - …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 4, No. 3 And No. 4 (Jan. - Mar. 1977) Part 2

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

• The Welfare State Within the Military - CHARLES MAYNARD and ANN BLALOCK - 494
• The Military Establishment and Social Welfare, Past, Present and Future? - GEORGE W. AYERS - 522
• Social Work in Relief and Rehabilitation After Wars, at Home and Abroad - WALTER A. FRIEDLANDER - 530
• Alienation of Youth as an Unintended Consequence of Military Assistance in Africa - QUENTIN F. SCHENK - 534
• Human Security or National Defense: The Question of Conversion - BRUCE BIRCHARD - 543
• Economic Conversion, Productive Efficiency, and Social Welfare - LLOYD J. DUMAS - 567
• The Soft Spot: How to Attack the …

The Nature And Role Of High School Reading And Language Competency Tests In Today's Society, Donald C. Cushenbery

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

During the past several years a sizable segment of the general public has expressed varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the overall academic skills demonstrated by graduates of public and private high schools. According to some reports, scores on national achievement tests relating to reading achievement have been decreasing in many areas of the United States and various colleges and universities such as Stanford have found it necessary to implement massive remedial programs for freshman students in the basic skills areas. Several recent newspaper accounts reveal that the results obtained from different public surveys indicate that a significant percentage of the …

Understanding The Hypothesis, It's The Teacher That Makes The Difference: Part I, Jerome C. Harste

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Any explication of the essential components of an effective reading program will likely include a discussion of the teacher's role. Research findings have made it abundantly clear that the single most important element of an effective reading program is the regular classroom teacher. Many other factors are important, of course, but these research findings suggest pupil success or failure is most directly related to the "teacher variable" in the teaching of reading.

Reading Horizons Vol. 18, No. 1

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 18, issue 1.

A Test Of The Utility Of High Frequency Words, Patrick Groff

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

How much utility there is for reading instruction in the lists of the most frequently used words (MFUW) has been a topic of great interest for several reading experts. For example, Dechant (1970, p. 248) notes that the 150 MFUW (in this case those of the basal readers from several different series) are "especially useful in group activities such as experience charts, word games and word drills." Durkin (1970, p. 118) also believes that these MFUW are "highly serviceable" for basal reader stories. So much so, she says (1970, p. 424), that one good way to diagnose children's speed-of-reading habits …

Diamond Jubilee--Wmu, Kenneth Vandermeulen

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A letter from the editor.

The Crucial Transition Years, Leonard Courtney

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Three important years sculpted from a child's formal schooling, islanded as a period of guided passage from childhood to youth. Such is an ideal framework, unfortunately inconsistent with the actuality of the junior high years. Nonetheless, anyone who has worked closely with children of this age (11-14) or grades (7-9) acknowledge an array of differences physical, psychological and emotional which mandates a setting uniquely sympathetic to the pupils' needs. If for no other reason, junior high exists for the exceptional reading opportunity it provides: for intensification and diversification of skills, some ease and stability in dealing with varying content structures, …

Increasing Communication Between Administrators And Reading Personnel, Thomas P. Fitzgerald

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

What do administrators believe are the strong and weak points in their district's reading program? How do they evaluate the performance and capabilities of reading personnel? Do principals at the elementary and secondary levels differ in their expectations of the reading program?

We Suggest, Eleanor Buelke

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Rogers, Carl R. (1977) Carl Rogers on Personal Power

New Materials, Sandra Ahern

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

No abstract available.

Reading Problems--Prevention Rather Than Cure, George Canney

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

As the title suggests, there is concern among many of us that children can experience serious difficulty in learning to read. We expect to see some evidence of confusion and incomplete skill development as our pupils are learning to read. The quandry we face, however, is that some of these children do not grow beyond these stages—they continue to be confused, to not work up to their full potential. Often we have been unable to identify these children from the others in order to provide special instruction early enough to avoid compounding the learning problems that soon arise. In many …

Teaching Language Clues To Reading Comprehension, John W. Miller

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Reading Comprehension is an illusive entity. It is difficult to define, measure and teach. Researchers attempting to construct a theoretical model of the comprehension process for empirical examination are often confronted with a maze of confusing studies. The untangled maze is perhaps more discouraging. Confusion generally gives way to contradiction. Measurement problems are also prevalent in the area of comprehension. Naturally, any quality which is difficult to isolate and describe is equally difficult to measure. Finally, teachers must face the ominous responsibility of helping students obtain a quality which is vaguely defined and measured. It is the most difficult of …

Profile Analysis Of Diagnostic Reading Tests: Is It Warranted?, Kenneth Kavale, Alfred Hirshoren

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Through the use of various screening instruments and achievement measures, a number of children are identified as possible reading disability cases. Once identified, these children are subjected to further testing usually with a reading diagnostic test which attempts to identify specific strengths and weaknesses in performance. Discussions with school psychologists, educational diagnosticians, and teachers of children with reading disabilities suggest that much credence is still placed on profile analysis of diagnostic reading test data as suggested by their authors (Durrell, 1957: Karlsen, Madden, and Gardner, 1966) among others. Reviews by Wechsler (1974), Sattler (1974) and Hirshoren and Kavale (1977), in …

The Components Of A Competency Based Elementary Reading Program, Laveria F. Hutchison

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

In a competency based reading program, the instructional emphasis is on each student's successful attainment and completion of the specific learning objectives provided. As such, the length of time required for each individual student to complete the objectives may be different.

Professional Concerns, R. Baird Shuman, Evelyn Hill

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

In the article which follows, Evelyn Hill, principal of Gertrude Ealy Elementary School in the West Bloomfield School District of Birmingham, Michigan, suggests specific ways in which the elementary school administrator can promote the reading program within his/her school. Ms. Hill provides sensible suggestions which any elementary school administrator should find rather easy and practical to apply.

Quick Reviews

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

No abstract available.

Planning Radical Change At The Grass Roots: The Story Of New Communities Inc., Shimon S. Gottschalk

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The author, a social scientist in the role activist, analyzes and evaluates his practice as a planner and advocate, working with poor rural black people in the development of an alternative community. Over New Community Inc.'s more than eight years of constant struggle, radically new insights have been gained by the author concerning the efficacy of ideology and the feasibility of centrally planned change. Planning becomes mutual learning and the only real change worthy of note is not some quantifiable output, but rather the new strength and understanding which emerges from the thoughts and experiences of the people as they …

Reactions To The Stigmata Of Inner City Living, Jerome Krase

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper discusses the problem of living in a stigmatized inner city community. The reactions of residents are categorized into "Four Moral Careers", and implications for the community of each career are discussed. Major attention is focused upon the "activist" career which aims to overcome the stigma of the community. The activists are discussed and described through the use df materials from intensive interviews of local community leaders who have tried to cope with the stigma of the area. Some suggested implications are made for the application of the ideas presented herein to urban research in general and the provision …

Accountability Crises: Consequences Of Professionalization, Robert W. Weinbach

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The movement to professionalize social work practice has had few enemies. It has resulted in limited benefits to practitioners, primarily in the areas of status and remuneration. It now appears that this limited progress has carried a high price. Because of social workers' claims of professionalism, they find themselves vulnerable to tests of accountability which are probably unreasonable, given the context of the field's everchanging practice arena.

The Application Of Behavior Modification Technology To The Alleviation Of Selected Social Problems, John S. Wodarski

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The application of behavior modification technology to the alleviation of various social problems is reviewed. Specific items discussed are: energy consumption, pollution control, token economies, architectural control of behavior, welfare, worker performance, social action, crime, and social integration. Where relevant, specific studies are summarized. Future developments and implications for social work practice are reviewed briefly.

Discourse Management: Key To Policy Development, Joseph R. Steiner

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Skills in discourse management are necessary in order for democratic policy development groups to be productive. These skills, like other skills, are developed by practicing their utilization. A general cognitive framework, however, can assist one in this development. This paper develops and then describes the use of such a general framework.

Public Perceptions Of Rural County Social Service Agencies, Robert W. Bilby, Robert Benson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Data gathered via interviews and mailed questionnaires in two rural counties in Western Wisconsin indicate that large segments of the general citizenry and "public opinion leaders" are generally more supportive of social services than common stereotypes suggest, while also voicing criticism of what are seen as inequities in the administration of services. Large majorities view social services as an institutionalized practice in American society, large segments hold negative views of recipients, and the samples studied are in general ill-informed about social service practices. Implications are drawn regarding public information programs aimed at better informing the public about social services.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 4, No. 7 (September 1977)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Planning Radical Change at the Grass Roots: The Story of New Communities, Inc. - SHIMON S. GOTTSCHALK - p. 980
• Reactions To The Stigmata Of Inner City Living - JEROME KRASE - p. 997
• Accountability Crises: Consequences of Professionalization - ROBERT W. WEINBACH - p. 1011
• Discourse Management: Key to Policy Development - JOSEPH R. STEINER - p. 1025
• Public Perceptions Of Rural County Social Service Agencies - ROBERT W. BILBY & ROBERT BENSON - p. 1033
• The Application Of Behavior Modification Technology To The Alleviation Of Selected Social Problems - JOHN S. WODARSKI - p. 1055 …

Introducing New Approaches Into Social Agencies: The Case Of Behavior Modification, Harvey L. Gochros, Joel Fischer

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper explores the issues involved in introducing behavior modification procedures into social work agencies, sane of the common problems encountered in using this approach, and suggestions for dealing with these problems.

A Community Organization Typology Of Group Development, Steve Burghardt

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper seeks to close a gap in community organization literature by analyzing the Impact of strategy on small group development and role changes in both leadership and membership. Using literature from social psychology and community practice, It Is argued that a tactical understanding of group dynamics can heighten one's effectiveness as an organizer. The paper then develops a typology of how groups change under different organizing methods. Finally, the work shows how an organizer can more easily "mix and phase" strategies inside the same community group.

From Isolation To Organization: Structural Barriers To Client-Induced Accountability In The Human Services, Robert A. Beauregard

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Human service organizations form an environment which is both difficult for an individual to transverse and antagonistic to the organizing of clients. The structure of these organizational environments is not conducive to the emergence of client organizations. This issue forms the focus of this paper: the interaction between the structural dimensions of human service, organizational environments and the potential for human service clients to form organizations geared to obtaining accountability from human service agencies. The basic argument is that the structural dimensions of these organizational environments (i.e., the characteristics which affect the basic interrelationships among component parts) have a depressing …

The Runaway Youth, Richard M. Grinnell, Monna Loftis

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

To date, few (if any) empirically based research studies have been executed in exploring the relationship between the recidivism rate of runaways and the three possible types of dispositions they may receive: (1) counseled and released at the intake level; (2) referred to another social agency; or (3) placed on probation. It is critically pertinent to examine this relationship before attempting to plan alternatives to divert the youths from the juvenile justice system. This article presents the results of an empirically based project where the findings indicate that, regardless of the type of disposition the youths received, they had approximately …

The Women's Liberation Movement And Its Various Impacts On American Men, Arthur B. Shostak

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Writing in 1974 about women and athletics 26 years ahead in the year 2000 journalist Lucinda Franks foresees a sexist backlash she tags the "New Male Chauvinist Movement." It all begins with a rebirth of the Age of Reason which, after 1980, includes a new celebration of the humanizing potentialities of sport and games. Women, as prime agents of this pivotal cultural reform, will have advanced so fast and so far in competitive and non-competitive athletics that "the Total Human has been born" and " the average body is no longer just a neglected dormitory for the mind." There is …