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The "Damned" In A Flashover State: Arson And The Use Of Scientific Methods And Expert Testimony In West Virginia, Christopher W. Maidona

West Virginia Law Review Online

The fire moved quickly through the house as Cameron Todd Willingham screamed for his children from the front porch. Inside the blaze were his three children. Firefighters arrived, uncoiled hoses, and aimed water at the raging fire. However, all three Willingham children died that night from smoke inhalation.

News of the December 23, 1991, tragedy spread throughout Corsicana, Texas. Meanwhile, investigators sought to determine what caused the fire. The investigators “toured the perimeter of the house, taking notes and photographs, like archeologists mapping out a ruin.” In the kitchen, they found smoke and heat damage—signs the fire had not originated …

Capsule Integrated Polypeptide Multilayer Films For Effective Ph-Responsive Multiple Drug Co-Delivery, Shichao Zhang, Malcolm Xing, Bingyun Li

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Many applications using drug-carrying biomedical materials require on-demand, localized delivery of multiple therapeutic agents in precisely controlled and patient-specific time sequences, especially after assembly of the delivery vehicles; however, creating such materials has proven extremely challenging. Here, we report a novel strategy to create polypeptide multilayer films integrated with capsules as vehicles for co-delivery of multiple drugs using layer-bylayer self-assembly technology. Our approach allows the multilayered polypeptide nanofilms and preimpregnated capsules to assemble into innovative biomedical materials with high and controllable loading of multiple drugs at any time postpreparation and to achieve pH-responsive and sustained release. The resulting capsule-integrated polypeptide …

Pulmonary Toxicity And Lung Tumorigenic Potential Of Surrogate Metal Oxides In Gas Metal Arc Welding–Stainless Steel Fume: Iron As A Primary Mediator Versus Chromium And Nickel, Lauryn M. Falcone, Aaron Erdely, Rebecca Salmen, Michael Keane, Lori Battelli, Vamsi Kodali, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Michael L. Kashon, James M. Antonini, Patti C. Zeidler-Erdely

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified welding fumes as “car- cinogenic to humans” (Group 1). Both mild steel (MS) welding, where fumes lack carcino- genic chromium and nickel, and stainless steel (SS) increase lung cancer risk in welders; therefore, further research to better understand the toxicity of the individual metals is needed. The objectives were to (1) compare the pulmonary toxicity of chromium (as Cr(III) oxide [Cr2O3] and Cr (VI) calcium chromate [CaCrO4]), nickel [II] oxide (NiO), iron [III] oxide (Fe2O3), and gas metal arc welding-SS (GMAW-SS) fume; and (2) determine if these metal oxides can …

Hypoxic Preconditioning Attenuates Reoxygenation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction In Aged Pulmonary Tnf-Α Overexpressing Mice, China-Chen Chuang, Tingyang Zhou, Mark Olfert, Li Zuo

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Gait Rehabilitation Using Functional Electrical Stimulation Induces Changes In Ankle Muscle Coordination In Stroke Survivors: A Preliminary Study, Jessica L. Allen, Lena H. Ting, Trisha M. Kesar

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Low Sucrose, Omega-3 Enriched Diet Has Region-Specific Effects On Neuroinflammation And Synaptic Function Markers In A Mouse Model Of Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy, Tonya S. Orchard, Monica M. Gaudier-Diaz, Panchita Phuwamongkolwiwat-Chu, Rebecca Andridge, Maryam B. Lustberg, Joshua Bomser, Rachel M. Cole, Martha A. Belury, A. Courtney Devries

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin may negatively affect long-term brain functioning in cancer survivors; neuroinflammation may play a causal role. Dietary approaches that reduce inflammation, such as lowering sucrose and increasing eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), may attenuate chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and synaptic damage, thereby improving quality of life. Ovariectomized, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a chemotherapy (9 mg/kg doxorubicin + 90 mg/kg cyclophosphamide) or vehicle two-injection regimen, with injections two and four weeks after starting diets. In Study 1, mice received low sucrose diets with EPA + DHA or No EPA + DHA for four to six …

Gender Differences In Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Victor Okunrintemi, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Benjamin Patrick, Joseph Salami, Martin Tibuakuu, Saba Ahmad, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Shiwani Mahajan, Safi U. Khan, Martha Gulati, Khurram Nasir, Erin D. Michos

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) accounts for approximately one third of deaths in women. Although there is an established relationship between positive patient experiences, health‐related quality of life, and improved health outcomes, little is known about gender differences in patient‐reported outcomes among ASCVD patients. We therefore compared gender differences in patient‐centered outcomes among individuals with ASCVD. Methods and Results Data from the 2006 to 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative US sample, were used for this study. Adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of ASCVD, ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes and/or self‐reported data, …

Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Implicates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Signaling As Driver Of Cancer-Induced Muscle Fatigue, Hannah E. Wilson, Kacey K. Rhodes, Daniel Rodriguez, Ikttesh Chahal, David A. Stanton, Joseph Bohlen, Mary Davis, Aniello M. Infante, Hannah Hazard-Jenkins, David J. Klinke, Elena N. Pugacheva, Emidio E. Pistilli

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model would recapitulate the common clinical phenomenon of breast cancer–induced skeletal muscle (SkM) fatigue in the absence of muscle wasting. This study additionally sought to identify drivers of this condition to facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for patients with breast cancer experiencing muscle fatigue. Experimental Design: Eight female BC-PDOX–bearing mice were produced via transplantation of tumor tissue from 8 female patients with breast cancer. Individual hind limb muscles from BC-PDOX mice were isolated at euthanasia for RNA-sequencing, gene and protein analyses, and an ex vivo muscle contraction …

Future Implications Of Using Registered Dietitians In Multidisciplinary Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment, Wendy M. Wolf, Rachel A. Wattick, Pamela J. Murray, Melanie Clemmer, Melissa D. Olfert

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in females with insulin resistance playing a key role in pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate current trends and future implications of multidisciplinary PCOS clinics with inclusion of dietitians. A two-phase, formative investigation on practitioners was conducted through an anonymous survey followed by focus groups. Survey respondents included 261 health care providers from around the world; the majority (59%) representing multidisciplinary teams. Focus group participants included four dietitians, three physicians, a health psychologist and a licensed nutritionist. Primary barriers for future multidisciplinary clinics included: money/resources, insurance …

Permeability Changes And Effect Of Chemotherapy In Brain Adjacent To Tumor In An Experimental Model Of Metastatic Brain Tumor From Breast Cancer, Afroz S. Mohammad, Chris E. Adkins, Neal Shah, Rawaa Aljammal, Jessica I. G. Griffith, Rachel M. Tallman, Katherine L. Jarrell, Paul R. Lockman

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: Brain tumor vasculature can be significantly compromised and leakier than that of normal brain blood vessels. Little is known if there are vascular permeability alterations in the brain adjacent to tumor (BAT). Changes in BAT permeability may also lead to increased drug permeation in the BAT, which may exert toxicity on cells of the central nervous system. Herein, we studied permeation changes in BAT using quantitative fluorescent microscopy and autoradiography, while the effect of chemotherapy within the BAT region was determined by staining for activated astrocytes. Methods: Human metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231Br) were injected into left ventricle of …

Opioid Use And The Presence Of Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed With Chronic Pain Conditions, Chan Shen, Xiaohui Zhao, Nilanjana Dwibedi, R. Constance Wiener, Patricia A. Findley, Usha Sambamoorthi

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Introduction: There is scant literature on the use of opioids among community-dwelling elderly with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Methods: We adopted a retrospective, cross-sectional study design using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data from 2006 to 2013. The study sample included elderly community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries who were diagnosed with chronic pain conditions and had Medicare fee-for-service plans for the entire year. We conducted bivariate c2 test and multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between opioid use and ADRD status. Results: The study sample included 19,347 Medicare beneficiaries; 7.7% of them had ADRD. We found no statistically significant difference …

State Ex Rel. Holmes V. Gainer: The Legislative Pay Raise And The Disappearing West Virginia Constitution, Matthew L. Clark

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Hiv Virologic Response Better With Single-Tablet Once Daily Regimens Compared To Multiple-Tablet Daily Regimens, Shashi N. Kapadia, Robert R. Grant, Susan B. German, Baljinder Singh, Amy L. Davidow, Shobha Swaminathan, Sally Hodder

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: Single-tablet regimens are preferred prescription choices for HIV treatment, but there are limited outcomes data comparing single-tablet regimens to multiple-tablet regimens. Methods: We retrospectively assessed treatment-naïve patients at a single urban HIV clinic in the United States for viral load suppression at 6 and 12months after initiating either single-tablet or multiple-tablet regimens. Multivariate regression was performed to obtain relative risks and adjust for potential confounders. Results: Of 218 patients, 47% were on single-tablet regimens and 53% on multiple-tablet regimens; 77% of single-tablet regimen patients had undetectable viral load at 6months compared to 61% of multiple-tablet regimen patients (p=0.012). At …

Sports Arenas, Teams And Property Values: Temporary And Permanent Shocks To Local Amenity Flows, Yulia Chikish, Brad Humphreys, Adam Nowak

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Professional sports facilities and teams generate local amenity flows in cities that may affect property values. Previous research shows evidence of important positive and negative local amenity flows based on case studies of changes in residential property values in specific cities. We analyze changes in residential property values in Oklahoma City over a period, 2000 to 2016, where both temporary and permanent exogenous shocks to local sports-related amenities occurred. Results from hedonic price models and repeat sales regression models show that nearby residential property prices increased after the opening of a new arena and the arrival of a new, permanent …

The Use Of Theory-Based Formative Research To Design Suicide Prevention Messaging For U.S. Veterans In Midlife., Elizabeth Karras, Cara M. Stokes, Sara C. Warfield, Heather Elder, Brady Stephens, Robert M. Bossarte

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background. Communication campaigns offer a viable mechanism to promote suicide prevention and reinforce mental health for U.S. veterans in midlife, a group with a high suicide burden. However, little empirical investigation of this type of messaging has been conducted, with formative campaign research conspicuously missing from the limited literature. Aims. Using the theory of planned behavior as a guide, formative research was conducted to inform the design of suicide prevention messaging by (a) describing and measuring several theoretical constructs among our audience and (b) modeling associations between constructs and intentions to seek help for suicidal behaviors and mental health more …

Predictors Of Major Bleeding Among Working-Age Adults With Atrial Fibrillation: Evaluating The Effects Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions And Switching From Warfarin To Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants, Xue Feng, Usha Sambamoorthi, Kim Innes, Gregory Castelli, Traci Lemasters, Lianjie Xiong, Michael U. Williams, Xi Tan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the associations between switching from warfarin to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), exposure to potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and major bleeding events in working-age adults with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the claims database of commercially insured working-age adults with AF from 2010 to 2015. Switchers were defined as patients who switched from warfarin to NOAC; non-switchers were defined as those who remained on warfarin. We developed novel methods to calculate the number and proportion of days with potential DDIs with NOAC/warfarin. Multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to …

Healthcare Utilization And Expenditures In Working-Age Adults With Atrial Fibrillation: The Effect Of Switching From Warfarin To Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants, Xue Feng, Usha Sambamoorthi, Kim Innes, Traci Lemasters, Gregory Castelli, Nilanjana Dwibedi, Xi Tan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the association between switching from warfarin to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs), healthcare utilization, and expenditures in working-age adults with atrial fbrillation (AF). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 2010 to 2015 for patients who switched from warfarin to NOACs (switchers) and those who continued to receive warfarin (non-switchers). We identifed medications known or suspected to have clinically signifcant interactions with NOACs or warfarin. We used multivariate logistic regression, negative binomial, and generalized linear models to evaluate the infuence of switching to NOACs and of …

Aerobic Exercise And Fatigue In Rheumatoid Arthritis Participants: A Meta-Analysis Using The Minimal Important Difference Approach, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley, Leigh F. Callahan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objective To use the minimal important difference (MID) versus the standardized mean difference (SMD) approach in order to provide more robust and clinically relevant information regarding the association between land‐based aerobic exercise and changes in self‐reported fatigue among adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Data from a previous meta‐analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials that represented up to 298 participants per study were utilized to calculate 9 effect sizes, using the MID approach. Data used to obtain the MID were derived from previously reported anchor‐based values specific to each fatigue instrument in adults with RA. Results were pooled using a …

Gradual Common Carotid Artery Occlusion As A Novel Model For Cerebrovascular Hypoperfusion, Dominic D. Quintana, Xuefang Ren, Heng Hu, Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi, Stephanie L. Rellick, Sara E. Lewis, Jessica M. Povroznik, James W. Simpkins, Mohammad Alvi

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Chronic cerebrovascular hypoperfusion results in vascular dementia and increases predisposition to lacunar infarcts. However, there are no suitable animal models. In this study, we developed a novel model for chronic irreversible cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. Briefly, an ameroid constrictor was placed on the right carotid artery to gradually occlude the vessel, while a microcoil was placed on the left carotid artery to prevent compensation of the blood flow. This procedure resulted in a gradual hypoperfusion developing over a period of 34 days with no cerebral blood flow recovery. Histological analysis of the brain revealed neuronal and axonal degeneration as well …

Oxygen-Induced Leakage Of Spin Polarization In Overhauser- Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application For Oximetry In Tumors, Artem A. Gorodetskii, Timothy D. Eubank, Benoit Driesschaert, Martin Poncelet, Emily Ellis, Valery V. Khramtsov, Andrey A. Bobko

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OMRI) is a double resonance technique applied for oxygen imaging in aqueous samples and biological tissues. In this report, we present an improved OMRI approach of oxygen measurement using the single line “Finland” trityl spin probe. Compared to a traditional approach, we introduced an additional mechanism of leakage of spin polarization due to an interaction of a spin system with oxygen. The experimental comparison of the new approach with an oxygen-dependent leakage factor to a traditional approach performed in phantom samples in vitro, and mouse tumor model in vivo, shows improved accuracy of determination of oxygen …

The Wvu Law Advocate, Vol. 3, Wvu Student Bar Association

The WVU Law Advocate

No abstract provided.

Populist Placemaking: Grounds For Open Government-Citizen Spatial Regulating Discourse, Michael N. Widener

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Masthead Volume 121, Issue 2

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Won't You Be My Neighbor: Meza-Rodriguez, The Second Amendment, And The Constitutional Rights Of Noncitizens, Blair E. Wessels

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Privacy Spaces, Bert-Jaap Koops

West Virginia Law Review

Privacy literature contains conceptualizations of privacy in relation to role-playing and identity construction, and in relation to access control and boundary-management. In this paper, I combine both strands to introduce the concept of privacy spaces: spaces in which you can play, in your own way, the relevant role(s) you have in social life. Drawing from privacy conceptions in legal scholarship, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, human geography, and psychology, a systematic overview of traditional privacy spaces is offered, including mental bubbles, the body, personal space, personal writings, the home, private conversation space, cars, stalls, intimacy bubbles, professional black boxes, coffee house spaces, …

Better Late Than Never: Bringing The Data Security Regulatory Environment Into The Modern Era, Jacob Holden

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Take Care Clause, Justice Department Independence, And White House Control, Andrew Mccanse Wright

West Virginia Law Review

Problematic relations between the White House and the U.S. Department of Justice stand out even amidst the broader tumult of President Donald Trump's first year in office. With respect to written policy restricting contacts between the White House staff and the Department, the Trump White House has followed the general contours of predecessor administrations. Those policies recognize that White House contacts restrictions vary with the Department’s complex functions, restrict channels of contact, and restrict personnel authorized to make contacts. They also grant limited exceptions where White House-Department contact is required to assist the President in the performance of a constitutional …

Liability For Unintentional Nuisances: How The Restatement Of Torts Almost Negligently Killed The Right To Exclude In Property Law, Jill M. Fraley

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.