Digital Commons Network^™

Socioecological Predictors Of Breastfeeding Practices In Rural Eastern Ethiopia, Marina Magalhães, Amanda Ojeda, Karah Mechlowitz, Kaitlin Brittain, Jenna Daniel, Kedir Teji Roba, Jemal Yousuf Hassen, Mark J Manary, Wondwossen A Gebreyes, Arie H Havelaar, Sarah L Mckune

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that over 800,000 global neonatal deaths each year are attributed to deviations from recommended best practices in infant feeding. Identifying factors promoting ideal breastfeeding practices may facilitate efforts to decrease neonatal and infant death rates and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030. Though numerous studies have identified the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of childhood undernutrition, infection and illness, and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, no studies have explored predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia, where undernutrition is widespread. The aim of this …

Social Attention During Object Engagement: Toward A Cross-Species Measure Of Preferential Social Orienting, Claire Weichselbaum, Nicole Hendrix, Jordan Albright, Joseph D Dougherty, Kelly N Botteron, John N Constantino, Natasha Marrus

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A central challenge in preclinical research investigating the biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the translation of ASD-related social phenotypes across humans and animal models. Social orienting, an observable, evolutionarily conserved behavior, represents a promising cross-species ASD phenotype given that disrupted social orienting is an early-emerging ASD feature with evidence for predicting familial recurrence. Here, we adapt a competing-stimulus social orienting task from domesticated dogs to naturalistic play behavior in human toddlers and test whether this approach indexes decreased social orienting in ASD.

METHODS: Play behavior was coded from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in two samples …

Infections In The First Year Of Life And Development Of Beta Cell Autoimmunity And Clinical Type 1 Diabetes In High-Risk Individuals: The Trigr Cohort, Olga Kordonouri, David Cuthbertson, Malin Belteky, Bärbel Aschemeier-Fuchs, Neil H White, Elisabeth Cummings, Mikael Knip, Johnny Ludvigsson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accumulated data suggest that infections in early life contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Using data from the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), we set out to assess whether children who later developed diabetes-related autoantibodies and/or clinical type 1 diabetes had different exposure to infections early in life compared with those who did not.

METHODS: A cohort of 2159 children with an affected first-degree relative and HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes were recruited between 2002 and 2007 and followed until 2017. Infections were registered prospectively. The relationship between infections in the …

Mild Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (Hie): Timing And Pattern Of Mri Brain Injury, Yi Li, Jessica L Wisnowski, Lina Chalak, Amit M Mathur, Robert C Mckinstry, Genesis Licona, Dennis E Mayock, Taeun Chang, Krisa P Van Meurs, Tai-Wei Wu, Kaashif A Ahmad, Marie-Coralie Cornet, Rakesh Rao, Aaron Scheffler, Yvonne W Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for neonatal brain injury. We examined the timing and pattern of brain injury in mild HIE.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study includes infants with mild HIE treated at 9 hospitals. Neonatal brain MRIs were scored by 2 reviewers using a validated classification system, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Severity and timing of MRI brain injury (i.e., acute, subacute, chronic) was scored on the subset of MRIs that were performed at or before 8 days of age.

RESULTS: Of 142 infants with mild HIE, 87 (61%) had injury on …

The Genetic Risk Factor Cel-Hyb1 Causes Proteotoxicity And Chronic Pancreatitis In Mice, Karianne Fjeld, Steven J Wilhelm, Jianguo Lin, Xunjun Xiao, Mark E Lowe, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The CEL gene encodes the digestive enzyme carboxyl ester lipase. CEL-HYB1, a hybrid allele of CEL and its adjacent pseudogene CELP, is a genetic variant suggested to increase the risk of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our aim was to develop a mouse model for CEL-HYB1 that enables studies of pancreatic disease mechanisms.

METHODS: We established a knock-in mouse strain where the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region of the endogenous mouse Cel gene was substituted with the mutated VNTR of the human CEL-HYB1 allele. Heterozygous and homozygous Cel-HYB1 mice and littermate wildtype controls were characterized with respect …

Let's Talk About Antibiotics: A Randomised Trial Of Two Interventions To Reduce Antibiotic Misuse, Kathy Goggin, Emily A. Hurley, Brian R. Lee, Andrea Bradley-Ewing, Carey Bickford, Kimberly Pina, Evelyn Donis De Miranda, David Yu, Kirsten Weltmer, Sebastian Linnemayr, Christopher C. Butler, Jason G. Newland, Angela L Myers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) receive ≈11.4 million unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions annually. A noted contributor is inadequate parent-clinician communication, however, efforts to reduce overprescribing have only indirectly targeted communication or been impractical.

OBJECTIVES: Compare two feasible (higher vs lower intensity) interventions for enhancing parent-clinician communication on the rate of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.

DESIGN: Multisite, parallel group, cluster randomised comparative effectiveness trial. Data collected between March 2017 and March 2019.

SETTING: Academic and private practice outpatient clinics.

PARTICIPANTS: Clinicians (n=41, 85% of eligible approached) and 1599 parent-child dyads (ages 1-5 years with ARTI symptoms, 71% of eligible approached). …

Prenatal Exposure To Maternal Social Disadvantage And Psychosocial Stress And Neonatal White Matter Connectivity At Birth, Rachel E Lean, Christopher D Smyser, Rebecca G Brady, Regina L Triplett, Sydney Kaplan, Jeanette K Kenley, Joshua S Shimony, Tara A Smyser, J Phillip Miller, Deanna M Barch, Joan L Luby, Barbara B Warner, Cynthia E Rogers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Early life adversity (social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors) is associated with altered microstructure in fronto-limbic pathways important for socioemotional development. Understanding when these associations begin to emerge may inform the timing and design of preventative interventions. In this longitudinal study, 399 mothers were oversampled for low income and completed social background measures during pregnancy. Measures were analyzed with structural equation analysis resulting in two latent factors: social disadvantage (education, insurance status, income-to-needs ratio [INR], neighborhood deprivation, and nutrition) and psychosocial stress (depression, stress, life events, and racial discrimination). At birth, 289 healthy term-born neonates underwent a diffusion MRI (dMRI) scan. …

Unravelling The Reservoirs For Colonisation Of Infants With Campylobacter Spp. In Rural Ethiopia: Protocol For A Longitudinal Study During A Global Pandemic And Political Tensions, Arie H Havelaar, Mark J Manary, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Undernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This longitudinal study involves 115 infants who are followed from birth to 12 months of age and are selected randomly from 10 kebeles of Haramaya woreda, East Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based information is obtained on demographics, livelihoods, wealth, health, nutrition and women empowerment; animal ownership/management and diseases; and water, sanitation and hygiene. Faecal samples are collected from infants, mothers, siblings and livestock, drinking water …

Lrp1 Is A Neuronal Receptor For Α-Synuclein Uptake And Spread, Kai Chen, David M Holtzman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The aggregation and spread of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein and related neuronal toxicity are the key pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Studies have shown that pathological species of α-Syn and tau can spread in a prion-like manner between neurons, although these two proteins have distinct pathological roles and contribute to different neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) regulates the spread of tau proteins; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of α-Syn uptake and spread, and whether it is also regulated by LRP1, remain poorly understood.

METHODS: We established …

The Transition To Parenthood In Obstetrics: Enhancing Prenatal Care For 2-Generation Impact, Catherine Monk, Sona Dimidjian, Ellen Galinsky, Kimberly D. Gregory, M. Camille Hoffman, Elizabeth A. Howell, Emily S. Miller, Cynthia Osborne, Cynthia E. Rogers, Darby E. Saxbe, Mary E. D'Alton

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Obstetrics, the specialty overseeing infant and parent health before birth, could be expanded to address the interrelated areas of parents' prenatal impact on children's brain development and their own psychosocial needs during a time of immense change and neuroplasticity. Obstetrics is primed for the shift that is happening in pediatrics, which is moving from its traditional focus on physical health to a coordinated, whole-child, 2- or multigeneration approach. Pediatric care now includes developmental screening, parenting education, parent coaching, access to developmental specialists, brain-building caregiving skills, linkages to community resources, and tiered interventions with psychologists. Drawing on decades of developmental origins …

Pregnancy Outcomes Related To The Treatment Of Sarcomas With Anthracyclines And/Or Ifosfamide During Pregnancy, Devon Miller, John A Livingston, Yeonhee Park, Kristi Posey, Sonia Godbole, Keith Skubitz, Steven I Robinson, Mark Agulnik, Lara E Davis, Brian A Van Tine, Angela C Hirbe, Amanda Parkes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Sarcomas are rare diagnoses but are seen with relative frequency in adolescents and young adults and thus can present in pregnancy. We sought to study the administration of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy-associated sarcomas.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study, identifying sarcoma patients who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy. Chart review identified variables related to demographics, cancer diagnosis, therapies, and outcome of the patient and fetus. Wilcoxon rank-sum test compared two independent samples.

RESULTS: We identified 13 patients at seven institutions with sarcoma who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy, including four bone sarcomas and …

Mild Hypothermia Fails To Protect Infant Macaques From Brain Injury Caused By Prolonged Exposure To Antiseizure Drugs, Chrysanthy Ikonomidou, Sophie H Wang, Nicole A Fuhler, Shreya Larson, Saverio Capuano 3rd, Kevin R Brunner, Kristin Crosno, Heather A Simmons, Andres F Mejia, Kevin K Noguchi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are GABA

Resting-State Functional Connectivity Identifies Individuals And Predicts Age In 8-To-26-Month-Olds, Omid Kardan, Sydney Kaplan, Muriah D. Wheelock, Dominique Meyer, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Christopher D. Smyser, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) measured with fMRI has been used to characterize functional brain maturation in typically and atypically developing children and adults. However, its reliability and utility for predicting development in infants and toddlers is less well understood. Here, we use fMRI data from the Baby Connectome Project study to measure the reliability and uniqueness of rsFC in infants and toddlers and predict age in this sample (8-to-26 months old; n = 170). We observed medium reliability for within-session infant rsFC in our sample, and found that individual infant and toddler's connectomes were sufficiently distinct for successful functional connectome …

Trial Of Erythropoietin For Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy In Newborns, Yvonne W Wu, Robert C Mckinstry, Rakesh Rao, Christopher D Smyser, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of death as well as long-term disability in survivors. Erythropoietin has been hypothesized to have neuroprotective effects in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but its effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes when given in conjunction with therapeutic hypothermia are unknown.

METHODS: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 501 infants born at 36 weeks or more of gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to receive erythropoietin or placebo, in conjunction with standard therapeutic hypothermia. Erythropoietin (1000 U per kilogram of body weight) or saline placebo was administered intravenously within 26 hours after …

Onasemnogene Abeparvovec For Presymptomatic Infants With Two Copies Of Smn2 At Risk For Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1: The Phase Iii Spr1nt Trial, Kevin A Strauss, Craig M Zaidman, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SPR1NT ( NCT03505099 ) was a Phase III, multicenter, single-arm study to investigate the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec for presymptomatic children with biallelic SMN1 mutations treated at ≤6 weeks of life. Here, we report final results for 14 children with two copies of SMN2, expected to develop spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1. Efficacy was compared with a matched Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research natural-history cohort (n = 23). All 14 enrolled infants sat independently for ≥30 seconds at any visit ≤18 months (Bayley-III item #26; P < 0.001; 11 within the normal developmental window). All survived without permanent ventilation at 14 months as per protocol; 13 maintained body weight (≥3rd WHO percentile) through 18 months. No child used nutritional or respiratory support. No serious adverse events were considered related to treatment by the investigator. Onasemnogene abeparvovec was effective and well-tolerated for children expected to develop SMA type 1, highlighting the urgency for universal newborn screening.

Onasemnogene Abeparvovec For Presymptomatic Infants With Three Copies Of Smn2 At Risk For Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase Iii Spr1nt Trial, Kevin A Strauss, Craig M Zaidman, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Most children with biallelic SMN1 deletions and three SMN2 copies develop spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 2. SPR1NT ( NCT03505099 ), a Phase III, multicenter, single-arm trial, investigated the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec for presymptomatic children with biallelic SMN1 mutations treated within six postnatal weeks. Of 15 children with three SMN2 copies treated before symptom onset, all stood independently before 24 months (P < 0.0001; 14 within normal developmental window), and 14 walked independently (P < 0.0001; 11 within normal developmental window). All survived without permanent ventilation at 14 months; ten (67%) maintained body weight (≥3rd WHO percentile) without feeding support through 24 months; and none required nutritional or respiratory support. No serious adverse events were considered treatment-related by the investigator. Onasemnogene abeparvovec was effective and well-tolerated for presymptomatic infants at risk of SMA type 2, underscoring the urgency of early identification and intervention.

Developing Shelf-Stable Microbiota Directed Complementary Food (Mdcf) Prototypes For Malnourished Children: Study Protocol For A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Clinical Study, Ishita Mostafa, Shah Mohammad Fahim, Subhasish Das, Md Amran Gazi, Md Mehedi Hasan, Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb, Mustafa Mahfuz, Hannah B Lynn, Michael J Barratt, Jeffrey I Gordon, Tahmeed Ahmed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Childhood undernutrition is a major public health concern that needs special attention to achieve 2025 global nutrition targets. Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), manifest as wasting (low weight-for-height), affects 33 million children under 5, yet there are currently no global guidelines for its treatment. We recently performed a randomized-controlled clinical study of a microbiota-directed complementary food formulation (MDCF-2) in 12-18-month-old Bangladeshi children with MAM. The results revealed that MDCF-2, freshly prepared each day, produced a significantly greater improvement in ponderal growth than a standard ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), an effect that is associated with repair of the disrupted gut microbial …

Infants Later Diagnosed With Autism Have Lower Canonical Babbling Ratios In The First Year Of Life, L D Yankowitz, J R Pruett Jr, N Marrus, K Botteron, J N Constantino, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Canonical babbling-producing syllables with a mature consonant, full vowel, and smooth transition-is an important developmental milestone that typically occurs in the first year of life. Some studies indicate delayed or reduced canonical babbling in infants at high familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or who later receive an ASD diagnosis, but evidence is mixed. More refined characterization of babbling in the first year of life in infants with high likelihood for ASD is needed.

METHODS: Vocalizations produced at 6 and 12 months by infants (n = 267) taking part in a longitudinal study were coded for canonical and …

Clonal Dynamics Of Haematopoiesis Across The Human Lifespan, Emily Mitchell, David H Spencer, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Age-related change in human haematopoiesis causes reduced regenerative capacity

Benefits Of Newborn Screening And Hematopoietic Cell Transplant In Infantile Krabbe Disease, Kristin M Page, Margie A Ream, Hemalatha G Rangarajan, Rafael Galindo, Ali Y Mian, Mai-Lan Ho, James Provenzale, Kathryn E Gustafson, Jennifer Rubin, Shalini Shenoy, Joanne Kurtzberg

Open Access Publications

Infantile Krabbe disease (IKD) can be treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) if done during the first weeks of life before symptoms develop. To facilitate this, newborn screening (NBS) has been instituted in 8 US states. An application to add IKD to the recommended NBS panel is currently under review. In this report, the outcomes of newborns with IKD diagnosed through NBS and treated with HCT are presented. The unique challenges associated with NBS for this disease are discussed, including opportunities for earlier diagnosis and streamlining treatment referrals. This is a retrospective review of six infants with IKD detected by …

Liver Secretin Receptor Predicts Portoenterostomy Outcomes And Liver Injury In Biliary Atresia, Nimish Godbole, Iiris Nyholm, Maria Hukkinen, Joseph R Davidson, Athanasios Tyraskis, Jouko Lohi, Päivi Heikkilä, Katja Eloranta, Marjut Pihlajoki, Mark Davenport, Markku Heikinheimo, Antti Kyrönlahti, Mikko P Pakarinen

Open Access Publications

Biliary atresia (BA) is a chronic neonatal cholangiopathy characterized by fibroinflammatory bile duct damage. Reliable biomarkers for predicting native liver survival (NLS) following portoenterostomy (PE) surgery are lacking. Herein we explore the utility of 22 preidentified profibrotic molecules closely connected to ductular reaction (DR) and prevailing after successful PE (SPE), in predicting PE outcomes and liver injury. We used qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a BA cohort including liver samples obtained at PE (n = 53) and during postoperative follow-up after SPE (n = 25). Of the 13 genes over-expressed in relation to cholestatic age-matched controls at PE, only secretin receptor …

Iv Sotalol Use In Pediatric And Congenital Heart Patients: A Multicenter Registry Study, Lindsey E Malloy-Walton, Nicholas H Von Bergen, Seshadri Balaji, Peter S Fischbach, Jason M Garnreiter, S Yukiko Asaki, Jeffrey P Moak, Luis A Ochoa, Philip M Chang, Hoang H Nguyen, Akash R Patel, Christa Kirk, Ashley K Sherman, Jennifer N Avari Silva, J Philip Saul

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background There is limited information regarding the clinical use and effectiveness of IV sotalol in pediatric patients and patients with congenital heart disease, including those with severe myocardial dysfunction. A multicenter registry study was designed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and dosing of IV sotalol. Methods and Results A total of 85 patients (age 1 day-36 years) received IV sotalol, of whom 45 (53%) had additional congenital cardiac diagnoses and 4 (5%) were greater than 18 years of age. In 79 patients (93%), IV sotalol was used to treat supraventricular tachycardia and 4 (5%) received it to treat ventricular arrhythmias. …

Longitudinal Gut Virome Analysis Identifies Specific Viral Signatures That Precede Necrotizing Enterocolitis Onset In Preterm Infants, Emily A Kaelin, Cynthia Rodriguez, Carla Hall-Moore, Julie A Hoffmann, Laura A Linneman, I Malick Ndao, Barbara B Warner, Phillip I Tarr, Lori R Holtz, Efrem S Lim

Open Access Publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious consequence of preterm birth and is often associated with gut bacterial microbiome alterations. However, little is known about the development of the gut virome in preterm infants, or its role in NEC. Here, using metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the DNA gut virome of 9 preterm infants who developed NEC and 14 gestational age-matched preterm infants who did not. Infants were sampled longitudinally before NEC onset over the first 11 weeks of life. We observed substantial interindividual variation in the gut virome between unrelated preterm infants, while intraindividual variation over time was significantly less. We …

Selective Hypermethylation Is Evident In Small Intestine Samples From Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Misty Good, Tianjiao Chu, Patricia Shaw, Lila S Nolan, Joseph Wrobleski, Carlos Castro, Qingqing Gong, Olivia Dewitt, David N Finegold, David Peters

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and lethal gastrointestinal disease affecting preterm infants. NEC develops suddenly and is characterized by gut barrier destruction, an inflammatory response, intestinal necrosis and multi-system organ failure. There is currently no method for early NEC detection, and the pathogenesis of NEC remains unclear.

DESIGN: To further understand the molecular mechanisms that support NEC, we used solution phase hybridization and next-generation DNA sequencing of bisulfite converted DNA to perform targeted genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation at high read depth.

RESULTS: We found that ileal samples from surgical NEC infants (n = 5) exist in …

Association Of Prenatal Exposure To Early-Life Adversity With Neonatal Brain Volumes At Birth, Regina L Triplett, Rachel E Lean, Amisha Parikh, J Philip Miller, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Sydney Kaplan, Dominique Meyer, Christopher Adamson, Tara A Smyser, Cynthia E Rogers, Deanna M Barch, Barbara Warner, Joan L Luby, Christopher D Smyser

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Exposure to early-life adversity alters the structural development of key brain regions underlying neurodevelopmental impairments. The association between prenatal exposure to adversity and brain structure at birth remains poorly understood.

Objective: To examine whether prenatal exposure to maternal social disadvantage and psychosocial stress is associated with neonatal global and regional brain volumes and cortical folding.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study included 399 mother-infant dyads of sociodemographically diverse mothers recruited in the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and their infants, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging in the first weeks of life. Mothers were …

Filtering Respiratory Motion Artifact From Resting State Fmri Data In Infant And Toddler Populations, Sydney Kaplan, Dominique Meyer, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Deanna M Barch, Adam T Eggebrecht, Jeanette K Kenley, Cynthia E Rogers, Muriah D Wheelock, Christopher D Smyser, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The importance of motion correction when processing resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data is well-established in adult cohorts. This includes adjustments based on self-limited, large amplitude subject head motion, as well as factitious rhythmic motion induced by respiration. In adults, such respiration artifact can be effectively removed by applying a notch filter to the motion trace, resulting in higher amounts of data retained after frame censoring (e.g., "scrubbing") and more reliable correlation values. Due to the unique physiological and behavioral characteristics of infants and toddlers, rs-fMRI processing pipelines, including methods to identify and remove colored noise due to …

Dear Reviewers: Responses To Common Reviewer Critiques About Infant Neuroimaging Studies, Marta Korom, M Catalina Camacho, Courtney A Filippi, Roxane Licandro, Lucille A Moore, Alexander Dufford, Lilla Zöllei, Alice M Graham, Marisa Spann, Brittany Howell, Fit'ng, Sarah Shultz, Dustin Scheinost

Open Access Publications

The field of adult neuroimaging relies on well-established principles in research design, imaging sequences, processing pipelines, as well as safety and data collection protocols. The field of infant magnetic resonance imaging, by comparison, is a young field with tremendous scientific potential but continuously evolving standards. The present article aims to initiate a constructive dialog between researchers who grapple with the challenges and inherent limitations of a nascent field and reviewers who evaluate their work. We address 20 questions that researchers commonly receive from research ethics boards, grant, and manuscript reviewers related to infant neuroimaging data collection, safety protocols, study planning, …

Importance Of The Intersection Of Age And Sex To Understand Variation In Incidence And Survival For Primary Malignant Gliomas, Gi-Ming Wang, Gino Cioffi, Nirav Patil, Kristin A Waite, Robert Lanese, Quinn T Ostrom, Carol Kruchko, Michael E Berens, James R Connor, Justin D Lathia, Joshua B Rubin, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain and other CNS tumors, accounting for 80.8% of malignant primary brain and CNS tumors. They cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the intersection between age and sex to better understand variation of incidence and survival for glioma in the United States.

METHODS: Incidence data from 2000 to 2017 were obtained from CBTRUS, which obtains data from the NPCR and SEER, and survival data from the CDC's NPCR. Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) per 100 000 were generated to compare male-to-female incidence by age group. Cox proportional hazard models …

Grandi Byen-Supporting Child Growth And Development Through Integrated, Responsive Parenting, Nutrition And Hygiene: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Patricia L Kohl, Emmanuel A Gyimah, Jenna Diaz, F Matthew Kuhlmann, Sherlie Jean-Louis Dulience, Fithi Embaye, Derek S Brown, Shenyang Guo, Joan L Luby, Jennifer L Nicholas, Jay Turner, Melissa Chapnick, Joseline Marhone Pierre, Jacques Boncy, Rony St Fleur, Maureen M Black, Lora L Iannotti

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Poor child growth and development outcomes stem from complex relationships encompassing biological, behavioral, social, and environmental conditions. However, there is a dearth of research on integrated approaches targeting these interwoven factors. The Grandi Byen study seeks to fill this research gap through a three-arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the impact of an integrated nutrition, responsive parenting, and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) intervention on holistic child growth and development.

METHODS: We will recruit 600 mother-infant dyads living in Cap-Haitien, Haiti and randomize them equally into one of the following groups: 1) standard well-baby care; 2) nutritional …

Salaries, Degrees, And Babies: Trends In Fertility By Income And Education Among Japanese Men And Women Born 1943-1975-Analysis Of National Surveys, Cyrus Ghaznavi, Haruka Sakamoto, Lisa Yamasaki, Shuhei Nomura, Daisuke Yoneoka, Kenji Shibuya, Peter Ueda

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: While fertility rates have decreased during the second half of the 20th century in Japan, little is known regarding trends in the number of children that men and women have across birth cohorts and whether these differ by education and income.

METHODS: We used data from four rounds of the National Fertility Survey (1992, 2005, 2010 and 2015) and included men and women aged 40-49 years (16728 men and 17628 women). By 5-year birth cohorts, we assessed the distribution of number of children (0, 1, 2 and 3 or more) and total fertility (the mean number of children) at …