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Prescribed Fire Regimes: The Immediate And Short-Term Impacts Upon Susceptible Invertebrates, Liam Falls
Prescribed Fire Regimes: The Immediate And Short-Term Impacts Upon Susceptible Invertebrates, Liam Falls
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Prescribed fire is the predominant land management tool used across Australia’s temperate forests. However, little is known about the use of periodic, low-intensity prescribed fires over long-time frames and their effect on invertebrate communities. Most invertebrate species provide essential ecosystem services and are an essential component of global food chains. Despite their profound importance to ecosystems globally, invertebrates are often ignored entirely in fire research and generally lack incorporation into fire management and recovery plans. Prescribed fire usage is poised to increase in usage to mitigate the effects of damaging wildfires under a changing climate and so its impact on …
Friend Or Foe? Investigating Long-Spined Urchins (Centrostephanus Rodgersii) As A Biogenic Ecosystem Engineer And Potential Symbiotic Relationships With Other Invertebrates And Fishes., Ebene Montgomery
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Biogenic ecosystem engineers play significant roles in providing habitat for other organisms through their own physical structures. In marine ecosystems, benthic organisms are well known to provide sheltered-mediated benefits to a range of taxa. However, mobile benthic organisms like echinoids (Phylum Echinodermata) are rarely studied relative to other sedentary taxa like anemones and corals (Phylum Cnidaria). Considering the previous reports of Australian sea urchin species and their contribution to rocky reef habitats, they provide a perfect opportunity to investigate potential associative relationships with other invertebrates and fish. The long-spined sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii is a native species in New South …
Blue Carbon Opportunities For The Lower Shoalhaven River, Ryan Cope
Blue Carbon Opportunities For The Lower Shoalhaven River, Ryan Cope
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCE) play an important role as profound carbon reservoirs and have the potential to sequester more carbon in an area than any other ecosystem. This has sparked interest in these ecosystems and their potential for use in climate mitigation strategies and more specifically, carbon abatement. BCEs can be restored in areas which have been tidally modified through anthropogenic interventions. One such location which has experienced anthropogenic tidal regime modification is the Lower Shoalhaven River region - a region that has a broad floodplain with many floodgates separating rivers, creeks, and associated tributaries from the tidal influences of …
Connecting The Docks: Investigating The Effects Of Overwater Structures Across Multiple Life History Stages Of Estuarine Fish, Mitchell Karhapaa
Connecting The Docks: Investigating The Effects Of Overwater Structures Across Multiple Life History Stages Of Estuarine Fish, Mitchell Karhapaa
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Estuaries are well renowned as some of the most productive and ecologically diverse ecosystems on the planet. As a result, fish across all life history (larval to adult) often inhabit estuaries due to their suitable biotic and abiotic conditions. However, not only do they house high abundances of fish species but their ability to provide ecosystem services for humans has quickly made them one of the most urbanised ecosystems on the globe. To accommodate these higher population densities boating infrastructure such as overwater structures (OWS) have proliferated throughout estuaries globally. The presence of these structures can lead to seagrass loss …
Re-Evaluating Human Dispersal Patterns Over Central & Eastern Asia, Andrew Jenkins
Re-Evaluating Human Dispersal Patterns Over Central & Eastern Asia, Andrew Jenkins
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Human dispersal is a prominent topic in archaeology and palaeoanthropology. The pathways through which our ancestors traversed and settled in remote comers of the world continue to be subjects of extensive debate. The presence of Initial Upper Paleolithic technology in No1them and Central Asia provides a timeline of our aiTival in the region. It is assumed that we reached these regions through a northern ai·c, adhe1ing to the arid and mountainous regions acting as 'baiTiers' to human dispersal. Previous studies have incorporated GIS analysis with revised paleoclimate and paleolake data, simultaneously with archaeological evidence, to prove that routes through these …
Shape Up And Ship Out: Do Bt-Resistant Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa Zea, Have Wing Shapes Better Suited To Long Distance Flight? Arworm M Oths, Helicoverpa Zea , H Ave W Ing S Hapes B Etter S Uited To L Ong D Istance F Light?, Sarah Barclay
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Evolution of resistance within insects to pest control has frequently resulted in changes to the organism’s morphotype, including changes in wing shape. By measuring these changes, it is possible to distinguish resistant from non-resistant populations. Geometric morphometrics (GM) quantifies morphological variation within and among populations, it has been used in previous studies to identify changes in morphotype and distinguish between resistant and non-resistant populations of insects. Helicoverpa Zea (corn earworm) is one of the most economically damaging pests for crops across the United States of America. Infestations of H. zea annually migrate from southern USA to the north, causing damage …
A 3d Ground Surface Model Of Mount Ousley Road: Modelling The Interface Of Quaternary And Bedrock Material Underneath A Major Highway Mountain Pass, Ethan Tsingos
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The geology that underlies highway mountain passes is a significant factor that should be considered in the construction, maintenance, and monitoring schedule of infrastructure that exists within these areas. This thesis focuses on 3D mapping of the geology beneath Mount Ousley Road, a major road corridor that links Wollongong and Sydney. This project paid particular emphasis on mapping the boundary between unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, and underlying geological units. The 3D model was constructed within the ArcGIS Pro and IPM-MOVE software packages. The 3D model was developed using existing geological maps, and constructing geological cross-sections that incorporated borehole logs …
Flux And Flow: Variation And Physicochemical Drivers Of Ghg Fluxes Across The Intertidal Wetland Gradient, Stephen Douglas Rigney
Flux And Flow: Variation And Physicochemical Drivers Of Ghg Fluxes Across The Intertidal Wetland Gradient, Stephen Douglas Rigney
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Coastal wetlands are long-term carbon sinks capable of sequestering carbon for millennia. However, for coastal wetlands to have a net cooling effect on the atmosphere, their carbon storage must exceed their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Meanwhile, the conditions that facilitate carbon sequestration favour the production of several potent GHGs, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The direction and magnitude of these fluxes may be modulated by multiple environmental drivers, including temperature, salinity, and inundation dynamics. While there is increasing understanding of coastal wetland CO2 fluxes, little research has been conducted on the drivers of CH4 and N₂O, particularly within …
Seabirds And Stomach Bugs: The Diversity, Coexistence And Persistence Of Klebsiella In Silver Gulls, Kira Lowe
Seabirds And Stomach Bugs: The Diversity, Coexistence And Persistence Of Klebsiella In Silver Gulls, Kira Lowe
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Like many organisms, bacteria constantly face selective pressures that act on particular traits. However, they are also not passive actors in an evolutionary system. Host-switching events allow bacteria to expand their host range and accumulate adaptations specific to these hosts. Despite its recognition as containing many pathogens of concern, the Klebsiella genus is chronically understudied in wildlife. As such, knowledge of its capacity for host switching and the diversity of what is present in wildlife is largely unknown. This thesis aimed to complement significantly existing Klebsiella work in wildlife using an urban wildlife species, the Australian silver gull. Using the …
Shorebird Populations On The Wollongong Open Coastline: An Evaluation Of Occurrence Records, Species Richness And Key Threats, Emily Baonza
Shorebird Populations On The Wollongong Open Coastline: An Evaluation Of Occurrence Records, Species Richness And Key Threats, Emily Baonza
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Shorebirds consistently serve as indicator species for measuring the extent of environmental change. As a consequence of the rapid shift in global climatic conditions and anthropogenic interference, long-term trends in shorebird populations demonstrate an alarming decline. Focusing in on the open coastline of Wollongong, NSW, there is a lack of up-to-date, comprehensive ecological information of shorebirds for use in the Wollongong City Council’s (WCC) upcoming Coastal Management Plan (CMP). This thesis aims to source the available occurrence records from citizen science databases eBird and Birdlife Australia, as well as the BioNet Atlas database to produce an inventory of shorebirds within …
Re-Establishment Of Pollen-Mediated Connectivity Is Key To Successful Restoration Of Fragmented Populations Of Eucalyptus Albens, Ella R. Dunn
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
An essential factor in assessing the success of woodland restorations is understanding whether gene flow and connectivity between restored and remnant populations has been re-established. Without pollinator services, isolated populations can further subdivide and face concerns of inbreeding depression, which is not the target of restoration projects. Within the ‘Central Valley’ of the Warrumbungle National Park, a series of restoration plantings were performed between the 1980s and 1990s to restore the previously abundant Box-Gum Grassy Woodlands, in particular White Box Gum trees (Eucalyptus albens). Extensive land clearing meant that these populations became extremely fragmented within the agricultural matrix, with only …
Causes Of Colour Variation In Smithsonite From Tsumeb, Namibia, Tara Weall
Causes Of Colour Variation In Smithsonite From Tsumeb, Namibia, Tara Weall
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Smithsonite, ZnCO3, is an abundant, variably coloured secondary mineral in the Tsumeb Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in Namibia where it formed during oxidation of the sulfide ore. Previous studies suggest that atomic substitution for Zn and/or minute inclusions of other minerals are responsible for the wide range of colours shown by smithsonite. Fifty-two specimens of variously coloured smithsonites were analysed by EMPA and LA-ICP-MS techniques; they fall into two groups defined by Fe and Cu content. Group I (29 specimens) is Fe-rich (mean 0.0446 APFU) and Cu-poor (mean 0.0004 APFU) and includes most of the colourless, pink, red-pink, yellow and brown smithsonites. …
Geochemical Analysis Of Cored Rock Samples Along The Proposed Milton Ulladulla Bypass, Jacob Lau
Geochemical Analysis Of Cored Rock Samples Along The Proposed Milton Ulladulla Bypass, Jacob Lau
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The NSW Government is currently planning the development of a major road corridor in the Milton and Ulladulla region of southern NSW (“the Milton Ulladulla bypass”). There is a need for more information on the geology beneath the proposed road corridor, as this area has seen relatively limited geological studies conducted in the past. The work presented here aims to provide new geological data through the analysis of borehole samples collected along the proposed extent of the Milton- Ulladulla bypass. A total of 45 samples were examined. These were taken from 23 boreholes. Each core sample was cut vertically, with …
Lasting Impact: Fire-Affected Mangrove Regeneration In The Clyde River Estuary, Batemans Marine Park, Miranda James
Lasting Impact: Fire-Affected Mangrove Regeneration In The Clyde River Estuary, Batemans Marine Park, Miranda James
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The 2019-20 bushfire season impacted a range of ecosystems across Australia, including several coastal vegetation types that have not been subject to burning historically. In the Clyde River estuary of southern New South Wales (NSW), mangrove species Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum were burnt in the Black Summer bushfires. The slow recovery of these poorly fire adapted species reflects the lasting impacts of the event. This study aimed to quantify the ongoing processes, patterns, and capabilities of post-fire mangrove regeneration for both species in the Clyde River estuary. Assessments of fire-affected mangroves were undertaken through field data collection and analysis …
Does Infection With Chytrid Fungus Influence Male Advertisement Behaviour And Colour Expression In Brown Toadlets?, Ewan Scott Auld
Does Infection With Chytrid Fungus Influence Male Advertisement Behaviour And Colour Expression In Brown Toadlets?, Ewan Scott Auld
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
In the last four decades, amphibian declines have increased globally, with many species becoming threatened with extinction. These declines have been attributed to habitat loss, overharvesting and the introduction of invasive species, although the most prominent threat to amphibian biodiversity is the emergence of the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Population declines associated with this pathogen are well documented, however, not all amphibian species show declines when infected with Bd, with several species co-existing with the pathogen. This raises the question, what are the sublethal effects of Bd infection? A growing field of research has identified several sublethal impacts …
Geographic Variation In The Presence Of Polymorphisms In Painted Dragons, Dallys Baker
Geographic Variation In The Presence Of Polymorphisms In Painted Dragons, Dallys Baker
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Response to colour stimuli within the animal kingdom is responsible for the evolution of many different visual ornaments across a range of species. Within many species males and females utilise colourful patterns and plumages to attract the attention of a mate, warn predators of toxicity and signal body condition and genetic prowess. However, the creation and maintenance of pigments by animals is not a simple task with a variety of types of pigment-producing cells such as melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores, capable of producing a wide range of pigments and iridescent shines. How colour is perceived by surrounding individuals also affects …
The Age, Duration, And Provenance Of The Broughton Formation (Southern Sydney Basin, Australia), And Its Temporal Relationship To The Permian Climate Change, Andre Sarkis
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The Upper Permian sedimentary successions of the southern Sydney Basin have been the subject of several stratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrographic studies and more recently several studies dating the sedimentary succession using U-Pb zircon and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology. In this study the Broughton Formation of the Lower Permian, part of the upper Shoalhaven Group succeeding the Talaterang Group and underneath the Illawarra Coal Measures was studied. The Broughton Formation is part of a Permian retroarc depositional basin within the Southern Sydney Basin (SSB) which is unconformable on the Lachlan Fold belt to south and west, and in tectonic contact with the New …
Rock Art At Murujuga: Testing The Feasibility Of The Luminescence-Surface-Exposure-Dating Method, Danielle Lindsey Bainbridge
Rock Art At Murujuga: Testing The Feasibility Of The Luminescence-Surface-Exposure-Dating Method, Danielle Lindsey Bainbridge
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Since the development of modern human behaviour, humans have been producing art to visually represent thoughts, emotions, and desires. Rock art provides a visual archive of the past, as one of the most widespread and enduring records of cultural expression. Dating is vital to the interpretation of rock art, in that it provides a temporal framework of when cultural changes have occurred. Dating rock art is, however, a very difficult process. The development of methods for the direct dating of petroglyphs remains a challenge for the archaeological community globally (Bednarik 2010). This thesis will test the feasibility of a new …
The Tectonic Memory Of The Mantle, Robert James Marks
The Tectonic Memory Of The Mantle, Robert James Marks
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Subducted slabs of oceanic lithosphere are key drivers of mantle convection, representing the cold limbs of mantle convection. Seismic tomography has long been the leading tool to study subducted slabs, where present-day high seismic velocity structures are interpreted as subducted slabs. The present-day mantle structure can then be used to explore subducted slab sinking history by linking subducted slabs to paleosubduction remnants on the surface, such as magmatic arcs. In this process, subducted slabs are assumed to sink vertically at a constant rate. Numerical models of mantle convection provide a tool which can reconstruct mantle structure through time, making it …
Viability Of An Endangered Population Of Greater Gliders, Brooke Phillipa Mulley
Viability Of An Endangered Population Of Greater Gliders, Brooke Phillipa Mulley
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Greater gliders are experiencing widespread decline across their distribution. They are obligate cavity dependent folivores with poor thermotolerance and high susceptibility to fragmentation and fire. These characteristics put greater gliders at high risk of further decline and extinction. Conservation of all populations are crucial to the species’ persistence. One of these populations of greater gliders is found at Seven Mile Beach National Park (SMBNP), on the South Coast of New South Wales. This population is heavily isolated and is known to occur at low densities, which has resulted in their state listing as an endangered population. The viability of this …
Monitoring The Post-Fire Recovery And Regeneration Of Mangrove Communities In Batemans Marine Park, Annabel Green
Monitoring The Post-Fire Recovery And Regeneration Of Mangrove Communities In Batemans Marine Park, Annabel Green
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The Black Summer Bushfires of 2019-2020, was the worst bushfire season on record for New South Wales, with 5.5 million hectares of land burnt. These fires were so extreme that many areas never before affected by fires were impacted. This included mangrove communities, previously believed to be too moist to catch fire. Little is known about the response of mangroves to bushfires and very few studies have been undertaken to investigate this topic. This event provided a rare opportunity to study fire-affected mangroves and how they respond to fire events in the short-term. This study assessed the recovery and regeneration …
Persistent Lidar-Based Post-Fire Changes In Vegetation Structure Over A Large Range Of Australian Forests, William Harris
Persistent Lidar-Based Post-Fire Changes In Vegetation Structure Over A Large Range Of Australian Forests, William Harris
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Fuel load is one of the primary determinants for fire behaviour in Australian forests. In South-Eastern Australia, ground and elevated fuel loads are generally considered highest at 15-20 years post-fire. Current methodology for predicting fuel load often relies on low resolution vegetation maps, simple time-since-fire relationships, and often incorrectly used ground-fuel models for elevated and canopy fuels. The combination of these prevents many modern fuel load models from revealing the fine-scale processes that truly drive fuel load accumulation. This study seeks to correct these issues by using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) alongside generalised additive models (GAM) and a …
Musselling Up: Assessing The Large-Scale Effects Of Introduced Source Populations Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Oscar Borschmann
Musselling Up: Assessing The Large-Scale Effects Of Introduced Source Populations Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Oscar Borschmann
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Explaining the distribution and abundance patterns of organisms in the natural environment is a central objective of ecological theory. Predation and competition have long been seen as major drivers of diversity and abundance, while more recently ‘supply-side’ ecology has developed as a potentially important factor explaining populations dynamics. Marine sessile and sedentary species comprise a large component of rocky shoreline biodiversity. For many benthic organisms, broadcast spawning is the primary mode of reproduction with extremely high larval output potentially making larval supply a key step in their ecology. Large-scale studies (over 100’s of km’s) of supply-side ecology are uncommon. Aquaculture, …
Survival And Recolonisation Of Australian Mistletoes After High Severity Fire: Implications For The Warrumbungle National Park, Cameron William Kirk
Survival And Recolonisation Of Australian Mistletoes After High Severity Fire: Implications For The Warrumbungle National Park, Cameron William Kirk
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Fire events in south-eastern Australia are increasing in frequency and severity resulting from climate change. The existing fire adaptation research for Australian flora has focussed on fire adapted lineages. However, it important to understand the dynamics of fire vulnerable species and the mechanisms by which they persist fire prone environments. Mistletoes are an example of a fire vulnerable species that lacks the ability to resprout or reseed, relying on recolonisation following fire. This thesis furthers fire ecology by establishing a relationship between fire severity and the survival of mistletoes through the 2013 Wambelong fire in the Warrumbungle National Park. It …
Investigating The Effect Of Reproductive Seasonality And Geographic Location On Diversity Of Symbiodiniaceae In Western Australia In Acropora Corals., Sanna Eriksson
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Symbiodiniaceae is family of unicellular photosynthetic microalgae which commonly form endosymbiotic relationships with reef-building corals, providing up to 95% of their photosynthetic products to their coral host, contributing a significant portion of the coral’s energy needs. Within the family Symbiodiniaceae there are several named genera, with many genetically distinct ‘types’ or ‘strains’ within each genus. There is a high level of physiological and ecological variation between types, which in many cases allows corals to adapt to local environmental conditions by associating with better suited symbionts. On multiple reefs off the coast of Western Australia there are several coral species in …
Examining The Effects Of Hammer Striking Angle On Levallois Flake Formation, Amy Innes
Examining The Effects Of Hammer Striking Angle On Levallois Flake Formation, Amy Innes
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The occurrence of Levallois tools in the archaeological record is considered to represent an evolutionary hallmark in human technological development, as the predetermined nature of Levallois flake morphology is seen to reflect advancements in the cognition of early hominid toolmakers. A range of subtypes exist within the Levallois group, all of which feature differing preparation methods of the core surface as a means to predetermine the manufacture of distinct flake shapes. While archaeologists devoted much effort to investigate how Levallois core surfaces were prepared, relatively less attention has been paid to other aspects of Levallois reduction, including the ways in …
Structural Analysis Of The Lengguru Fold And Thrust Belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, Taylor A. Baker
Structural Analysis Of The Lengguru Fold And Thrust Belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, Taylor A. Baker
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
The Lengguru Fold and Thrust Belt is a unique region of western Irian Jaya, Indonesia that has undergone several deformation events over the past 5 million years due to crustal movement between the Australian, Caroline, and Pacific tectonic plates. Controversy exists on how or if the westernmost part of Irian Jaya (the Bird's Head Peninsula) travelled to its present-day location due to plate tectonic movements. It is possible that this movement is recorded in the structural geology of the Lengguru Fold and Thrust Belt. Thus, the primary objective of this project was to determine and measure the minimum amount of …
Monitoring Intertidal Wetland Vegetation Using A Range Of Remote Sensing Datasets, Louisa Lovasz
Monitoring Intertidal Wetland Vegetation Using A Range Of Remote Sensing Datasets, Louisa Lovasz
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Changes in the extent of mangrove and saltmarsh in NSW has been associated with urbanisation, floodplain drainage, changes to tidal dynamics and wetland hydrology, and recent changes in sea level. These pressures are projected to increase in the coming decades in alignment with projected climate change and increasing coastal development, which will likely result in changes to the extent and composition of intertidal wetlands. Monitoring the effects of these pressures on wetland extent is essential for identifying management activities that maintain or improve delivery of ecosystem services. NSW Department of Primary Industries (DPI) Fisheries developed estuary specific Marine Vegetation Management …
Investigating Arid Australia’S Sedimentary History Using Deep Floodplain Cores From The Lake Eyre Basin, Caitlyn Scobie
Investigating Arid Australia’S Sedimentary History Using Deep Floodplain Cores From The Lake Eyre Basin, Caitlyn Scobie
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Arid Australia’s landscape and environmental history is unique on a global scale, with the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) covering one seventh of the Australian continent. The extensive river systems within the LEB are also unique in their morphology. Of these Cooper Creek and the Diamantina River, the two main feeder rivers to Kati-Thanda- Lake Eyre are investigated within this thesis using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL), sedimentological analyses to understand the chrono-stratigraphy and sedimentation rates of these two dominant tributaries. These rivers were once meandering systems transporting bedload but due to either climate, tectonics or both have shifted to anabranching mud-dominated …
The Song Culture Of The Endangered Eastern Bristlebird, Dasyornis Brachypterus, Emily Bradstock
The Song Culture Of The Endangered Eastern Bristlebird, Dasyornis Brachypterus, Emily Bradstock
Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses
Conservation interventions are increasingly being used to manage populations of threatened species, but they require careful planning, tailored to the species’ requirements, to ensure positive conservation outcomes. The Eastern Bristlebird, Dasyornis brachypterus, is a highly cryptic, semi-flightless songbird confined to three isolated regions along Australia’s east coast. The species has received active conservation management since being listed as endangered nationally in 1999, and as of April 2022, has been subject to the first of three conservation translocations, with the goal of establishing a stable and genetically resilient second population of the species in Victoria. First, I present a literature review …