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Effects Of Social Isolation On Wellbeing: Undergraduate Student Engagement In Positive And Negative Coping Behaviours During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Krista L. Lucier Ma
Effects Of Social Isolation On Wellbeing: Undergraduate Student Engagement In Positive And Negative Coping Behaviours During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Krista L. Lucier Ma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Engagement in positive coping behaviours is correlated with enhanced wellbeing, with negative coping behaviours producing the opposite effect. Of all the pandemic’s aspects, it appears that lockdowns (and the resulting social isolation) produced the most significant negative effects. Research has not yet been published on the relationship between social isolation, subjective wellbeing (SWB), and physical wellbeing (PWB) of undergraduate student populations during the pandemic, and how coping behaviours may affect this relationship. The aim of this study was to elucidate the importance of positive coping behaviours (i.e., self-care practices) as opposed to more negative coping styles (i.e., dysfunctional lifestyle behaviours) …
How Animal-Assisted Therapy Is Understood And Perceived By Health Care Providers And The General Public In Canada, Healey M. Gardiner
How Animal-Assisted Therapy Is Understood And Perceived By Health Care Providers And The General Public In Canada, Healey M. Gardiner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The incorporation of dogs to assist humans with various activities has been documented for centuries. When a dog is included in treatment to meet an individual’s therapeutic goal it is known as Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT). Little is known about how AAT is understood and perceived among healthcare professional and public populations in Canada. Although AAT has increased in popularly, limited research exists regarding its efficacy. Further, variation exists in the understanding and perceptions of AAT among the general pubic and healthcare professionals, possibly due to a lack of awareness of existing operational definitions and distinctions between classifications of “assistance animals.” …
Contributions Of Social Support To Mitigate The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Depressive And Irritability Symptoms, Alexandra Mactavish
Contributions Of Social Support To Mitigate The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Depressive And Irritability Symptoms, Alexandra Mactavish
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Prior research, including my initial research on the mental health of children inSouthwestern Ontario, highlighted the broad, widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adults, children, and youth, globally, including the potential for social support to attenuate the harmful impact of the pandemic. Social support, one’s belief that others will help in times of need, may protect against the impact of myriad life stressors on the development of psychopathology. The present study examines the potential for social support to mitigate the longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s irritability and depressive symptoms. Families (N = …
Providing Negative Feedback About The Accuracy Of Details Within Scenes Reduces Appraisals Of Memory Accuracy But Does Not Affect Appraisals Of Memory Occurrence, Kassandra Helena Korcsog
Providing Negative Feedback About The Accuracy Of Details Within Scenes Reduces Appraisals Of Memory Accuracy But Does Not Affect Appraisals Of Memory Occurrence, Kassandra Helena Korcsog
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autobiographical memory is defined as an individual’s ability to remember events that have happened in the past and plays a pivotal role in one’s concept of self. The present study investigated the impact of different types of feedback on autobiographical memories resulting from stimuli presented in a laboratory setting. 48 undergraduate participants were exposed to video-recorded (N=30) and audio-recorded (N=30) scenes of an actress performing simple tasks. After a 1-week delay, participants received positive feedback (they were accurately told that they had correctly recollected a central detail from within two scenes) and negative feedback (they were inaccurately told that they …
The Journey Of Hope On The Road To Resilience: Former Residents' Experiences In Child Care Facilities, Giavana F H Jones
The Journey Of Hope On The Road To Resilience: Former Residents' Experiences In Child Care Facilities, Giavana F H Jones
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
When children are placed in out-of-home care, they are spared from further dangers associated with their home life. However, due to a number of other risk factors, children placed in out-of-home care, as a group, have typically had less positive outcomes than their counterparts. Nevertheless, even in the presence of various challenges, there are individuals who are raised in out-of-home care who do excel and overcome their challenges. In this study, ten young adults, between the ages of 18-31, were engaged in interviews where they shared the good and bad experiences of living in child care facilities in The Bahamas …
Factors Predicting Adolescents' And Parents' Help Seeking Behaviour, Jennifer Lynn Cometto
Factors Predicting Adolescents' And Parents' Help Seeking Behaviour, Jennifer Lynn Cometto
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adolescents' perceptions and responses to mental health problems have been shown to have significant implications for their future competence, coping skills, well-being, and subsequent life choices; yet, as few as 25 percent of young Canadians with mental health problems seek help (Bergeron, Poirier, Fournier, Roberge, & Barrette, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine the stages of adolescent help seeking (i.e., recognizing the problem, deciding to seek professional help, and seeking professional help ) to better understand why some adolescents seek help and others do not. Specific predisposing, enabling, and need factors were examined as predictors of adolescents' …
The Effect Of Mood On Set-Switching Abilities In Younger And Older Adults, Olivia Chu
The Effect Of Mood On Set-Switching Abilities In Younger And Older Adults, Olivia Chu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research shows that changes in our moods can affect our performance on cognitive tasks. Most studies to date have used young adults and the interaction between mood, cognitive performance and age have rarely been examined. There are age-specific changes in executive functions and mood regulation. This study examined the effect of mood on set switching and inhibitory control by comparing performances in young and older adults after neutral, positive and negative mood inductions using forced cued based switching tasks. In a neutral mood, older adults showed reduced set switching abilities and inhibitory control compared to young adults. Consistent with the …
Exploring Personality And Motivational Characteristics Of Student Pre-Drinkers, Ashlyne I. O'Neil
Exploring Personality And Motivational Characteristics Of Student Pre-Drinkers, Ashlyne I. O'Neil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate pre-drinking motivations and behaviour within the theoretical framework of reversal theory and the consideration of future consequences. This study assessed the Prepartying Motivations Inventory (PMI) and examined novel motivations identified through a thematic analysis. Pre-drinking was studied in relation to reversal theory as well as the consideration of future and immediate consequences. A sample of 248 undergraduate students completed an online survey consisting of open-ended questions, drinking and pre-drinking questions, a metamotivational state measure, the Motivational Style Profile, the Consideration of Future Consequences scale, the PMI, and a brief demographic questionnaire. It …
Effect Of Deviant Sexual Fantasies On Aberrant Sexual Behaviours, Fiona Dyshniku
Effect Of Deviant Sexual Fantasies On Aberrant Sexual Behaviours, Fiona Dyshniku
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite suggestions that deviant sexual fantasies play a role in aberrant sexual activity (e.g. Prentky et al., 1989), the nuanced nature of the fantasy-behaviour relationship is poorly understood and inconsistent (Williams, Cooper, Howell, Yuille, & Paulhus, 2008). The current study sought to clarify the fantasy-behaviour relationship by investigating the extent to which fantasies interact with high levels of impulsivity, psychopathy-narcissism, anger, and offense-supportive cognitions in explaining deviant sexual behaviour. Two hundred and fifty male and 152 female undergraduates filled out a battery of explicit and implicit measures. Results of the moderation analysis revealed some support for the main hypotheses. The …
Using Couple-Level Data To Examine The Relation Between Social Information-Processing And Intimate Partner Violence Among Men And Women In Dating Relationships, Sarah R. Setchell
Using Couple-Level Data To Examine The Relation Between Social Information-Processing And Intimate Partner Violence Among Men And Women In Dating Relationships, Sarah R. Setchell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of the current study was to use couple-level data to examine negative emotions and social information-processing (SIP) abilities as risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) among 100 dating couples (N = 200; mean age = 21.45 years). Crick and Dodge's (1994) SIP model was used as a guiding theoretical framework. Participants read a series of hypothetical conflict situation vignettes and responded to questionnaires to assess negative emotions and various facets of SIP including attributions for partner behaviour, generation of response alternatives, and response selection. The Revised Conflict Tactic Scales (CTS2; Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996) were …
An Examination Of Fine Motor Control In Children With Adhd, Vilija M. Petrauskas
An Examination Of Fine Motor Control In Children With Adhd, Vilija M. Petrauskas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity impulsivity, or both. Although fine motor difficulties are frequently found in children diagnosed with ADHD, often they are not identified and are undertreated. The present study examined fine motor control in children with ADHD in several ways, including through the use of digitizing technology, and compared it to that of control children. Thirty-eight children with ADHD and 28 control children in grades four through eight were administered a measure of handwriting (Test of Handwriting Skills - Revised; THS-R), a pattern completion task (Repeated Patterns Test; RPT), …
Crossing Sexual Barriers: The Influence Of Background Factors And Personal Attitudes On Sexual Guilt And Sexual Anxiety Among Canadian And American Muslim Women And Men, Sobia F. Ali-Faisal
Crossing Sexual Barriers: The Influence Of Background Factors And Personal Attitudes On Sexual Guilt And Sexual Anxiety Among Canadian And American Muslim Women And Men, Sobia F. Ali-Faisal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sexual health is a key component of health and well-being, yet, to date, very little research has been done exploring the sexual health of non-majority individuals. This study addresses this lack by exploring the impact of background and attitudinal factors on the sexual guilt and sexual anxiety of young Muslim men and women in North America. Sexual guilt and anxiety have been found to have negative consequences on the sexual lives of individuals and to be related to conservative attitudes regarding sexuality. As Muslims' attitudes regarding sex and sexuality are often conservative, at times even restrictive, sexual guilt and sexual …
How Partial Transparency Influences The Processing Of Compound Words, Alexandria Stathis
How Partial Transparency Influences The Processing Of Compound Words, Alexandria Stathis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Compound words are words with multiple constituents that individually have their own meaning and that combine to make another meaning (e.g. doghouse ). When these constituents help us infer the meaning of the whole compound word, they are known as transparent constituents (e.g. either constituent of blueberry ). In contrast, opaque constituents do not help us infer the meaning of the whole compound word (e.g. moonshine). The current study sought to describe the processing of partially transparent words, in which one constituent relates to the total meaning, whereas the other does not (like strawberry, which is a berry, but not …
An Examination Of The Relationships Between Causal Attributions For Smoking And Smokers' Treatment Seeking And Quit Intentions: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Sabrina C. Voci
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With increasing knowledge of the role that genetics play in the development and treatment of nicotine dependence, it is expected that in the future smoking cessation treatment will be able to be tailored to a smoker's genetic profile. Despite anticipated benefits such as improved quit rates, concerns have been raised about the impact of genetic testing results on perceived control over smoking, motivation to quit, and treatment seeking behaviour. One potential mediator of such outcomes are causal attributions, the causal explanations people form for behaviours and events, which evidence suggests can be altered by genetic testing feedback. The purpose of …
The Metaphor Interpretation Test: Cognitive Processes Involved And Age Group Differences In Performance, Sam Iskandar
The Metaphor Interpretation Test: Cognitive Processes Involved And Age Group Differences In Performance, Sam Iskandar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is well known that aging affects fluid cognitive processes while leaving crystallized processes largely intact. When it comes to language abilities, figurative language tends to be more associated with fluid abilities and literal language with more crystallized abilities. Fluid abilities involve short-term storage of information and mental manipulation, which are associated with metaphor interpretation. Eighty participants (40 adults over fifty years old, and 40 young adults) completed the Metaphor Interpretation Test (Iskandar & Baird, 2013). The test includes 17 items chosen from a list of metaphors by Katz et al. (1988). Answers were coded as abstract complete (AC), abstract …
The Identity Of American Catholic Women Religious: A Qualitative Study Of Identity Narratives In An American Apostolic Religious Community, Annunziata Marcoccia
The Identity Of American Catholic Women Religious: A Qualitative Study Of Identity Narratives In An American Apostolic Religious Community, Annunziata Marcoccia
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Catholic Church has a rich history of women choosing to devote their lives to God and the Church through religious vocations. The theological shifts at the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) affected the spirituality and lifestyle for many women religious. These changes renewed the identity of women religious and their role within the modern world. Over the past few years in the United States of America, the Vatican has conducted two assessments involving American women religious. The purpose of this study was to explore the identity of American women religious and to explore the impact of the current events within …
Sexual Citizenship On The Autism Spectrum, Jessica Penwell Barnett
Sexual Citizenship On The Autism Spectrum, Jessica Penwell Barnett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Work on sexual citizenship, or the imbrication of citizenship and sexuality, has traditionally focused on the role of heteronormativity in social organization and the impacts of that organization on the lives of LGBTQ persons. Little work has examined the utility of this framework for understanding the experiences and positioning of persons with cognitive (dis)abilities, though they too have a long history of sexual oppression and civic disenfranchisement. In addition, few studies have empirically investigated the sexual and gender identities or intimate lives of this population. This study sought to fill these gaps in basic and theoretical understanding through in-depth, Internet …
Acoustic Communication In Thicket Habitats: Vocal Behaviour And Vocal Divergence In Mesoamerican Melozone Ground-Sparrows, Luis Andres Sandoval Vargas
Acoustic Communication In Thicket Habitats: Vocal Behaviour And Vocal Divergence In Mesoamerican Melozone Ground-Sparrows, Luis Andres Sandoval Vargas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Acoustic communication is a critical component of social interactions in birds. There are relatively few quantitative studies of the vocal behaviour of tropical bird species, in spite of the rich avian biodiversity in the tropics and the extensive variety of vocalizations they produce. This lack of information inhibits our ability to understand the behaviour and ecology of tropical birds, and impairs our ability to perform comparative analyses from an evolutionary perspective. In this dissertation, I study the vocalizations of three species of tropical ground-sparrow: Melozone biarcuata (Prevost's Ground-sparrow), Melozone kieneri (Rusty-crowned Ground-sparrow), and Melozone leucotis (White-eared Ground-sparrow). I provide the …
Predicting Reward Sensitivity In A Non-Clinical Population, Brianne Brooker
Predicting Reward Sensitivity In A Non-Clinical Population, Brianne Brooker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reward sensitivity (RS) has been implicated in a range of suboptimal psychological outcomes, including ADHD, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and callous-unemotional personality traits. Less known, however, is the relation between these constructs and RS in the non-clinical population. The current study investigated the utility of these traits in predicting RS in an undergraduate sample ( N = 225). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that impulsive ADHD symptoms and relational aggression predicted RS, as measured by two distinct questionnaires ( R 2 adj. = .15 for SPSRQ Sensitivity to Reward [Torrubia, Ávila, Moltó, & Caseras, 2001]; R 2 adj. …
Affordance Based Human Behaviour Model For Group Path Finding, Lokesh Patil
Affordance Based Human Behaviour Model For Group Path Finding, Lokesh Patil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many advanced models are developed to predict human behaviour that explains human actions in some specific environment. This study refers to some of those models, such as work behaviour model which deals with the theory of purposeful work behaviour by agents in a work environment. Some behaviour models includes cognitive, emotional and social aspects of human behaviour such as PECS model. Some models deals with affordance theory which focuses on the relation between agent, his actions and his observations. All these models offer suitability towards the formation of a new computational model which identifies human behavioural aspects individually. Our new …
Female Round Goby (Neogobius Melanostomus) Movement Responses To Pheromones: An Investigation Of Current Methods And Future Needs, Jennifer Lee Smith
Female Round Goby (Neogobius Melanostomus) Movement Responses To Pheromones: An Investigation Of Current Methods And Future Needs, Jennifer Lee Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) is an invasive benthic fish species to the Laurentian Great Lakes. Earlier studies have suggested that reproductive male urine containing conjugated 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstane-11,17-dione (11-O-ETIO), including 11-O-ETiO-3-S (a potent odorant to gobies), attracts reproductive females. However attraction to isolated or synthetic 11-O-ETIO-3-S has not been tested. This thesis investigates chemical attraction in the laboratory environment by examining the effect of (1) providing the female with shelter, (2) fractionated conditioned water containing 0.1 nM 11-O-ETIO derivatives on females without a shelter and (3) 1 uM synthetic 11-O-ETIO derivatives in arenas with a shelter. It was found …
Vocal Behaviour, Geographic Variation, And The Evolution Of Song In Troglodytes Wrens, Jose Roberto Sosa Lopez
Vocal Behaviour, Geographic Variation, And The Evolution Of Song In Troglodytes Wrens, Jose Roberto Sosa Lopez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Animal acoustic signals are important for mate attraction, resource defense, and species recognition. When vocalizations diverge between closely related groups they can play a key role in speciation. Therefore it is important for biologists to describe the vocalizations of wild animals, to document geographic differences in acoustic signals, and to evaluate the relationship between acoustic variation, genetic variation, and ecological variation. In this dissertation, I study the songs of New World wrens in the genus Troglodytes , small territorial songbirds distributed throughout the Americas, including several oceanic islands, that are well known for their loud, complex songs. I conducted observational …
Cooperative Functions Of Duetting Behaviour In Tropical Wrens, Kristin Ashley Kovach
Cooperative Functions Of Duetting Behaviour In Tropical Wrens, Kristin Ashley Kovach
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vocal duets occur when two breeding partners coordinate their songs into a joint display. Duetting serves functions both within and between pairs, and functionality is often context dependent. I explore the function of temporal coordination of male and female songs into duets, testing the hypothesis that coordinated duets are more threatening territorial signals than poorly coordinated duets or solos in three closely related species of wren. Results indicate that birds respond with similar levels of physical aggression to all three levels of coordination; however, they sing more duets in response to both categories of duets. I also explore duets and …
Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Potential Mediator Of The Impulsivity-Antisocial Behaviour Relation, Andrew A. White
Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Potential Mediator Of The Impulsivity-Antisocial Behaviour Relation, Andrew A. White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the hypothesis that callous-unemotional traits mediate the relation between impulsivity and antisocial behaviour in an undergraduate, emerging adult sample. Participants (n=181) provided demographic information and completed a computerized battery of questionnaires and tasks addressing personality and behaviour. Total scores on the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) and Self-Report Delinquency Scale (SRD) were used as indicators of callous-unemotionality and antisociality, respectively. Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was calculated from a stop-signal task as an indicator of impulsivity. A stepwise multiple regression showed that the best combination of predictors for antisocial behaviour was having a mother whose highest level …
Cultural Experience, Possible Selves And Subjective Well-Being Among Anishnaabe Youth, Graham G. Trull
Cultural Experience, Possible Selves And Subjective Well-Being Among Anishnaabe Youth, Graham G. Trull
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aboriginal youth in Canada face a number of economic, health and social challenges, while being one of the fastest-growing segments of the country's population. Researchers have suggested that involvement in positive cultural experiences can be beneficial to the well-being of these youth. However, past research has not defined the types of cultural experience that are most impactful, or the areas of well-being that are affected. As well, no research has investigated the role that cultural experience may have on the views of the future among Aboriginal youth, or how these views may impact well-being. Working together with Walpole Island First …
Young Children's Emotion Regulation And Social Skills: The Role Of Maternal Emotional Socialization And Mother-Child Interactional Synchrony, Holly Ambrose
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined parent-child interactional synchrony and parents' socialization of emotion as predictors of young children's social and emotional functioning. Participants were 136 children aged 3 to 6 years (80 males, 56 females) and their mothers. Mothers' reports of their typical reactions to their children's negative emotional expressions and of their children's emotion regulation and social skills were attained. Mother-child dyads engaged in a free play task and a structured teaching task that were coded for interactional synchrony. Results revealed that mothers' distress reactions to children's negative emotions predicted emotion regulation difficulties in children, while mothers' minimizing reactions predicted …
Photograph Type And Content Influences Memory Retrieval Models That Are Too Broad, Too Tight, Or Just Right, Joanna Hessen Kayfitz
Photograph Type And Content Influences Memory Retrieval Models That Are Too Broad, Too Tight, Or Just Right, Joanna Hessen Kayfitz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research to date suggests that non-event-specific photo/narrative pairings produce higher false memory rates than do event-specific photos. The former differ from the latter in that the former provide relevant imagery but omit the specific event to be recalled, thereby promoting novel imaginings and increasing the likelihood of false memories. Two studies sought to determine which type of photograph constitutes a superior retrieval cue. The first study explored the role of how the photograph was framed upon presentation. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to conditions as follows: 1) narrative alone, 2) narrative plus photograph introduced as having been taken during the …
Psychosocial Risks And Decision-Making Processes In Emerging Adults, Tatiana Nedecheva Carreira
Psychosocial Risks And Decision-Making Processes In Emerging Adults, Tatiana Nedecheva Carreira
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The study examined whether the pattern of relations between rational and intuition-based decisionmaking processes, psychosocial background variables, and risky behaviours in emerging adults supports the analytical-experiential theory (Klaczynski, 2001a, 2001b), which highlights the role of the rational process, or the fuzzy-trace theory (Reyna &Brainerd, 1992), which highlights the role of the intuition-based process in optimal decision-making. Additionally, the study compared the think-aloud and self-report methods of measuring decision-making processes. One-hundred and twenty five undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 21 years completed online questionnaires reporting on their demographic characteristics, communication with their parents, risk and protective factors, risky …
Body Surveillance As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Fat Stereotypes And Body Dissatisfaction In Normal Weight Women, Jean Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the moderating effect of body surveillance on the relationship between fat stereotyping and body dissatisfaction in normal weight women. Undergraduate participants (N = 301) completed online measures assessing explicit and implicit fat stereotyping, body surveillance, and body dissatisfaction. Neither explicit nor implicit fat stereotyping significantly predicted body dissatisfaction. Further, body surveillance did not moderate the relationship between either explicit or implicit fat stereotypes and body dissatisfaction. However, post-hoc analyses examining Caucasian participants (N = 224) found differing results. Specifically, body surveillance significantly moderated the relationship between explicit fat stereotyping and body dissatisfaction. Higher explicit fat stereotypes predicted …
"Survival Of The Grouped" Or Three's A Crowd? Repetition Blindness In Groups Of Letters And Words, Andrea M. Jackson
"Survival Of The Grouped" Or Three's A Crowd? Repetition Blindness In Groups Of Letters And Words, Andrea M. Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Repetition blindness (RB) refers to the failure to detect both occurrences of an item when that item is presented twice (Kanwisher, 1987). What happens when more than two items are presented, specifically, what happens when items are presented in groups of three? Four experiments were conducted wherein groups of letters and words were presented sequentially and simultaneously and reaction times on a judgment of frequency response, which allows for determination of participant strategy, was collected. Results indicated that when items are presented sequentially, RB and an item enumeration strategy are observed. When items are presented simultaneously, however, it appears as …