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Efficient Motion Estimation And Mode Decision Algorithms For Advanced Video Coding, Mohammed Golam Sarwer
Efficient Motion Estimation And Mode Decision Algorithms For Advanced Video Coding, Mohammed Golam Sarwer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
H.264/AVC video compression standard achieved significant improvements in coding efficiency, but the computational complexity of the H.264/AVC encoder is drastically high. The main complexity of encoder comes from variable block size motion estimation (ME) and rate-distortion optimized (RDO) mode decision methods. This dissertation proposes three different methods to reduce computation of motion estimation. Firstly, the computation of each distortion measure is reduced by proposing a novel two step edge based partial distortion search (TS-EPDS) algorithm. In this algorithm, the entire macroblock is divided into different sub-blocks and the calculation order of partial distortion is determined based on the edge strength …
Fpga Implementation Of Blob Recognition, Jian Xiong
Fpga Implementation Of Blob Recognition, Jian Xiong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Real-time embedded vision systems can be used in a wide range of applications and therefore the demand has been increasing for them. In this thesis, an FPGA-based embedded vision system capable of recognizing objects in real time is presented. The proposed system architecture consists of multiple Intellectual Properties (IPs), which are used as a set of complex instructions by an integrated 32-bit CPU Microblaze. Each IP is tailored specifically to meet the needs of the application and at the same time to consume the minimum FPGA logic resources. Integrating both hardware and software on a single FPGA chip, this system …
Human Face Recognition, Amirhosein Nabatchian
Human Face Recognition, Amirhosein Nabatchian
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Face recognition, as the main biometric used by human beings, has become more popular for the last twenty years. Automatic recognition of human faces has many commercial and security applications in identity validation and recognition and has become one of the hottest topics in the area of image processing and pattern recognition since 1990. Availability of feasible technologies as well as the increasing request for reliable security systems in today’s world has been a motivation for many researchers to develop new methods for face recognition. In automatic face recognition we desire to either identify or verify one or more persons …
Iir Digital Filter Design Using Convex Optimization, Aimin Jiang
Iir Digital Filter Design Using Convex Optimization, Aimin Jiang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Digital filters play an important role in digital signal processing and communication. From the 1960s, a considerable number of design algorithms have been proposed for finite-duration impulse response (FIR) digital filters and infinite-duration impulse response (IIR) digital filters. Compared with FIR digital filters, IIR digital filters have better approximation capabilities under the same specifications. Nevertheless, due to the presence of the denominator in its rational transfer function, an IIR filter design problem cannot be easily formulated as an equivalent convex optimization problem. Furthermore, for stability, all the poles of an IIR digital filter must be constrained within a stability domain, …
Digital Control In Tube Power Amplifiers, Carl Chute
Digital Control In Tube Power Amplifiers, Carl Chute
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vacuum tubes are an old technology with a very important use in the audio electronics industry. They have a comparatively short life cycle and must be replaced often. This is a burden for the consumer since they must then calibrate (bias) the new set of tubes. This exposes the consumer to potentially lethal voltages. If the bias is not set correctly the tubes could be destroyed or the amplifier could operate inefficiently. The work presented in this thesis describes a digital control system that maintains optimum biasing for any tube used in the power amplifier. This system automatically determines the …
Noc Prototyping On Fpgas: Component Design, Architecture Implementation And Comparison, Matt Murawski
Noc Prototyping On Fpgas: Component Design, Architecture Implementation And Comparison, Matt Murawski
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Continuing improvements in integrated circuit technology over the past few decades enables increasingly large and complex Systems-on-Chip. Due to the large number of components used, the traditional bus-based interconnect scheme becomes cumbersome and restrictive. Hence, the Network-on-Chip interconnect paradigm becomes appealing due to its many advantages such as scalability and superior performance. Much research remains to be done exploring NoC architectures using real world benchmarks. In this thesis we describe the design space exploration of two major NoC components; a flexible adapter based on the Altera Avalon standard and a parameterizable wormhole router. Two well known NoC architectures, torus and …
Fpga Implementation Of Blind Source Separation Using Fastica, Al-Laith Taha
Fpga Implementation Of Blind Source Separation Using Fastica, Al-Laith Taha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA) is a statistical method used to separate signals from an unknown mixture without any prior knowledge about the signals. This method has been used in many applications like the separation of fetal and maternal Electrocardiogram (ECG) for pregnant women. This thesis presents an implementation of a fixed-point FastICA in field programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed design can separate up to four signals using four sensors. QR decomposition is used to improve the speed of evaluation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. Moreover, a symmetric orthogonalization of the unit estimation algorithm is …
Space-Time Block Coding With Imperfect Channel Estimation And Synchronization, Yi Xiao
Space-Time Block Coding With Imperfect Channel Estimation And Synchronization, Yi Xiao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two major challenges of applying Alamouti's space-time block coding (STBC) to a practical system are the imperfect channel estimation and rough synchronization. Without the full knowledge of channel state information (CSI), the receiver is highly likely to make wrong decisions; on the other hand, without the time alignment of the transmit antennas, the system will suffer from the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The subject of this thesis is to propose a novel receiver to improve the overall system performance. In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the performance analysis of STBC with imperfect channel estimation and synchronization. In …
An Analytic Training Approach For Recognition In Still Images And Videos, Rashid Minhas
An Analytic Training Approach For Recognition In Still Images And Videos, Rashid Minhas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation proposes a general framework to efficiently identify the objects of interest (OI) in still images and its application can be further extended to human action recognition in videos. The frameworks utilized in this research to process still images and videos are similar in architecture except they have different content representations. Initially, global level analysis is employed to extract distinctive feature sets from an input data. For the global analysis of data the bidirectional two dimensional principal component analysis (2D-PCA) is employed to preserve correlation amongst neighborhood pixels. Furthermore, to cope with the inherent limitations within the holistic approach …
Facial Expression Recognition Using Multiresolution Analysis, Ashirbani Saha
Facial Expression Recognition Using Multiresolution Analysis, Ashirbani Saha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Facial expression recognition from images or videos attracts interest of research community owing to its applications in human-computer interaction and intelligent transportation systems. The expressions cause non-rigid motions of the face-muscles thereby changing the orientations of facial curves. Wavelets and Gabor wavelets have been used effectively for recognition of these oriented features. Although wavelets are the most popular multiresolution method, they have limited orientation-selectivity/directionality. Gabor wavelets are highly directional but they are not multiresolution methods in the true sense of the term. Proposed work is an effort to apply directional multiresolution representations like curvelets and contourlets to explore the multiresolution …
Biometric Applications Based On Multiresolution Analysis Tools, Abdul Mohammed
Biometric Applications Based On Multiresolution Analysis Tools, Abdul Mohammed
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is dedicated to the development of new algorithms for biometric applications based on multiresolution analysis tools. Biometric is a unique, measurable characteristic of a human being that can be used to automatically recognize an individual or verify an individual's identity. Biometrics can measure physiological, behavioral, physical and chemical characteristics of an individual. Physiological characteristics are based on measurements derived from direct measurement of a part of human body, such as, face, fingerprint, iris, retina etc. We focussed our investigations to fingerprint and face recognition since these two biometric modalities are used in conjunction to obtain reliable identification by …
Stereo Correspondence Based On Multiresolution Analysis, Dibyendu Mukherjee
Stereo Correspondence Based On Multiresolution Analysis, Dibyendu Mukherjee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Disparity estimation from stereo imagery has gained substantial interest of research community from its commencement with the recent trend being the use of multiresolution methods. Existing multiresolution based methods generally rely on approximate band based matching neglecting other subbands that carry high-frequency information. Present research is an effort to find a multiresolution based stereo correspondence method that effectively uses the high and low-frequency subbands in multiple resolutions, bridges the gap between feature-based and area-based matching by incorporating the vast feature space of multiresolution and develops an optimum approach between global and local area-based methods in terms of accuracy, implementation and …
A Nano-Power Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Design For Rfid Applications, Suzana Farzeen
A Nano-Power Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Design For Rfid Applications, Suzana Farzeen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Passive RFID transponder is a tiny device that has unique ID information for communication with RFID readers and relies on the reader as a source of power supply. The main components of a typical transponder IC include antenna, analog front-end circuit and baseband processor, where the system clock is provided by a local oscillator. One of the biggest challenges for the oscillator is to ensure the lowest possible power consumption for passive RFID applications. A nano-power VCO capable of functioning as a local oscillator for the transponders is obtained by biasing the delay cells to operate in weak inversion region. …
Depth Map Estimation Using Multi-Focus Imaging, Pankajkumar Mendapara
Depth Map Estimation Using Multi-Focus Imaging, Pankajkumar Mendapara
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, three different depth map estimation techniques are presented. The first method uses SUSAN operator to detects the features, followed by an exponentially decaying function is employed to transfer the distance of the detected features by giving more weight to the nearer vicinity pixels of feature points, which helps to measure the clarity and depth of pixels. A robust, dual-tree complex wavelets and distance transformation based framework is developed for depth map estimation in second focus measure technique. The shift-invariance and better directionality of dual-tree complex wavelets helps to detects the features efficiently, which helps to estimate the …
Robust Vision-Based Thermal Control Systems With Industrial Applications, Tie Bao Yang
Robust Vision-Based Thermal Control Systems With Industrial Applications, Tie Bao Yang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As multimodal camera networks have been deployed in various environment, image fusion is playing a critical role for better visual perception and process parameter measurement. The objective of the dissertation is to design robust vision-based thermal control systems to tolerate uncertainties for industrial automaton. To be specific, two new methods have been developed, one for robust shape fitting in visual images and another for packet loss recovery in thermal images. Firstly, an adaptive curve fitting technique is proposed based on prediction error sum of squares for the sampled data set containing outliers. The method converges very fast and superaccuracy can …
Load Disturbance Torque Estimation For Motor Drive Systems With Application To Electric Power Steering System, Smitha Cholakkal
Load Disturbance Torque Estimation For Motor Drive Systems With Application To Electric Power Steering System, Smitha Cholakkal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Motors are widely used in industries due to its ability to provide high mechanical power in speed and torque applications. Its flexibility to control and quick response are other reasons for its widespread use. Disturbance torque acting on the motor shaft is a major factor which affects the motor performance. Considering the load disturbance torque while designing the control for the motor makes the system more robust to load changes. Most disturbance observers are designed for steady state load conditions. The observer designed here considers a general case making no assumptions about the load torque dynamics. The observer design methods …
Performance Enhancement Of The Ofdm-Based Dsrc System Using Frequency-Domain Map Equalization And Soft-Output Demappers, Nabih Jaber
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
5.9 GHz Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) systems are based on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. OFDM systems are well known for their abilities to combat inter-symbol interference (ISI) in time-invariant, frequency-selective channels. We propose a receiver design to enhance the overall performance of the DSRC system to combat ICI instead of ISI caused by the time-varying channel. Most researchers focus on the time-domain channel model and MAP equalization to combat ISI. It is shown that the proposed receiver design outperforms the conventional DSRC system by up to 15 dB for the same bit error rate (BER) level. This …
Video Super Resolution, Michael Chukwu
Video Super Resolution, Michael Chukwu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Note: appendices for this title available here. Advances in digital signal processing technology have created a wide variety of video rendering devices from mobile phones and portable digital assistants to desktop computers and high definition television. This has resulted in wide diversity of video content with spatial and temporal properties fitting into their intended rendering devices. However the sheer ubiquity of video content creation and distribution mechanisms has effectively blurred the classification line resulting in the need for interchangeable rendering of video content across devices of varying spatio-temporal properties. This results in a need for efficient and effective conversion techniques; …
A Non-Planar Cmut Array For Automotive Blind Spot Detection, Syed Abbas
A Non-Planar Cmut Array For Automotive Blind Spot Detection, Syed Abbas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A discretized hyperbolic paraboloid geometry capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array has been designed and fabricated for automotive blind spot monitoring application. The array is designed for a frequency range of 113-167 kHz, beamwidth of 20▒50 with a maximum sidelobe intensity of -6dB. An SOI based fabrication technology has been used for the 5x5 array with 5 sensing surfaces along each x and yaxis and 7 elevation levels. An assembly and packaging technique has been developed to realize the non-planar geometry in a PGA-68 package. Two new analytical models has been developed to more accurately calculate the deflection profile of …
Low Complexity Finite Field Multiplier For A New Class Of Fields, Seyed Shahabi
Low Complexity Finite Field Multiplier For A New Class Of Fields, Seyed Shahabi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Finite fields is considered as backbone of many branches in number theory, coding theory, cryptography, combinatorial designs, sequences, error-control codes, and algebraic geometry. Recently, there has been considerable attention over finite field arithmetic operations, specifically on more efficient algorithms in multiplications. Multiplication is extensively utilized in almost all branches of finite fields mentioned above. Utilizing finite field provides an advantage in designing hardware implementation since the ground field operations could be readily converted to VLSI design architecture. Moreover, due to importance and extensive usage of finite field arithmetic in cryptography, there is an obvious need for better and more efficient …
Design And Evaluation Of A Parameterizable Noc Router For Fpgas, Michael Brugge
Design And Evaluation Of A Parameterizable Noc Router For Fpgas, Michael Brugge
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Network-on-Chip (NoC) approach for designing (System-on-Chip) SoCs is currently emerging as an advanced concept for overcoming the scalability and efficiency problems of traditional on-chip interconnection schemes. This thesis addresses the design and evaluation of a parameterizable NoC router for FPGAs. The importance of low area overhead for NoC components is crucial in FPGAs, which have fixed logic and routing resources. We achieve a low area router design through optimizations in switching fabric and dual purpose buffer/connection signals. We propose a component library to increase re-use and allow tailoring of parameters for application specific NoCs of various sizes. A set …
Design And Implementation Of A Cross-Platform Sensor Network For Transmission Line Monitoring, Patrick Casey
Design And Implementation Of A Cross-Platform Sensor Network For Transmission Line Monitoring, Patrick Casey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current era calls for a greater electricity demand than ever before. Slow information feedback to other power stations was a major contributor to North America's northeast blackout of 2003. Had fault information been efficiently forwarded, the blackout area would have been reduced. It can be seen that having the knowledge of knowing exactly what is happening on the power distribution grid is extremely valuable. This thesis develops a self configuring, sampling and forwarding scheme for transmission line monitoring. A hierarchical communication topology is also proposed. The developed prototype operates successfully and its functionality is documented. A ZigBee testbed is …
Design Methodology For Electron-Trap Memory Cells, Li Bingxi
Design Methodology For Electron-Trap Memory Cells, Li Bingxi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is widely known that the decreasing feature size facilitated vast improvement in semiconductor-based design. But this improvement will eventually come to an end. The MOS transistor itself cannot overcome its limits dictated by its operating principle. In order to ensure further feature size reduction, the field of single-electronics has been developed. Single Electron Tunneling (SET) technology offers the ability to control the transport and position of a single or a small number of electrons. In this thesis we investigate the implementation of arithmetic operations in SET technology. In particular we focus on design methodologies for SET based Electron-Trap which …
A New Approach To Face Recognition Using Curvelet Transform, Tanaya Mandal
A New Approach To Face Recognition Using Curvelet Transform, Tanaya Mandal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Multiresolution tools have been profusely employed in face recognition. Wavelet Transform is the best known among these multiresolution tools and is widely used for identification of human faces. Of late, following the success of wavelets a number of new multiresolution tools have been developed. Curvelet Transform is a recent addition to that list. It has better directional ability and effective curved edge representation capability. These two properties make curvelet transform a powerful weapon for extracting edge information from facial images. Our work aims at exploring the possibilities of curvelet transform for feature extraction from human faces in order to introduce …
Feature-Based Calibration Of Distributed Smart Stereo Camera Networks, Aaron Mavrinac
Feature-Based Calibration Of Distributed Smart Stereo Camera Networks, Aaron Mavrinac
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A distributed smart camera network is a collective of vision-capable devices with enough processing power to execute algorithms for collaborative vision tasks. A true 3D sensing network applies to a broad range of applications, and local stereo vision capabilities at each node offer the potential for a particularly robust implementation. A novel spatial calibration method for such a network is presented, which obtains pose estimates suitable for collaborative 3D vision in a distributed fashion using two stages of registration on robust 3D features. The method is first described in a general, modular sense, assuming some ideal vision and registration algorithms. …
A Modified Low Roundoff Digital Oscillator Design, Zhen Lan
A Modified Low Roundoff Digital Oscillator Design, Zhen Lan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The work of this thesis is to summarize and compares the existing digital oscillator design methods and combine them to form a modified structure for oscillator design. First of all, a combined structure of complex oscillator design is proposed. The structure combines the advantages of low hardware complexity and low roundoff errors. Then based on the suggested complex oscillator structure, some new digital oscillator structures with uniform frequency spacing are suggested. The new structures are also the modified structure of the existing oscillator. By adding power-of-two shift boxes into the modified structure, dynamic range of the output is enlarged and …
Genetic Algorithms For Designing Digital Filters, Hongmei Zhang
Genetic Algorithms For Designing Digital Filters, Hongmei Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents a method of adapting IIR filters implemented as lattice structures using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), called ZGA. This method addresses some of the difficulties encountered with existing methods of adaptation, providing guaranteed filter stability and the ability to search multi-modal error surfaces. ZGA mainly focuses on convergence improvement in respects of crossover and mutation operators. Four kinds of crossover methods are used to scan as much as possible the potential solution area, only the best of them will be taken as ZGA crossover offspring. And ZGA mutation takes the best of three mutation results as final mutation …
Blind Adaptive Equalization For Qam Signals: New Algorithms And Fpga Implementation., Kevin Banovic
Blind Adaptive Equalization For Qam Signals: New Algorithms And Fpga Implementation., Kevin Banovic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adaptive equalizers remove signal distortion attributed to intersymbol interference in band-limited channels. The tap coefficients of adaptive equalizers are time-varying and can be adapted using several methods. When these do not include the transmission of a training sequence, it is referred to as blind equalization. The radius-adjusted approach is a method to achieve blind equalizer tap adaptation based on the equalizer output radius for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. Static circular contours are defined around an estimated symbol in a QAM constellation, which create regions that correspond to fixed step sizes and weighting factors. The equalizer tap adjustment consists of …
A Comparative Analysis Of Neural And Statistical Classifiers For Dimensionality Reduction-Based Face Recognition Systems., Xiaoyin Xu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Human face recognition has received a wide range of attention since 1990s. Recent approaches focus on a combination of dimensionality reduction-based feature extraction algorithms and various types of classifiers. This thesis provides an in depth comparative analysis of neural and statistical classifiers by combining them with existing dimensionality reduction-based algorithms. A set of unified face recognition systems were established for evaluating alternate combinations in terms of recognition performance, processing time, and conditions to achieve certain performance levels. A preprocessing system and four dimensionality reduction-based methods based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Two-dimensional PCA, Fisher's Linear Discriminant and Laplacianfaces were utilized …
Close Range Three-Dimensional Position Sensing Using Stereo Matching With Hopfield Neural Networks., Houman Rastgar
Close Range Three-Dimensional Position Sensing Using Stereo Matching With Hopfield Neural Networks., Houman Rastgar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years Vision Systems have found their ways into many real-world applications. This includes such fields as surveillance and tracking, computer graphics and various factory settings such as assembly line inspection and object manipulation. The application of Computer Vision techniques to factory automation, Machine Vision, is a growing field. However in most Machine Vision systems an algorithm is needed to infer 3D information regarding the objects in the field of view. Such a task can be accomplished using a Stereo Vision algorithm. In this thesis a new Machine Vision Algorithm for Close-Range Position Sensing is presented where a Hopfield …