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Deep Dyslexia And Semantic Errors: A Test Of The Failure Of Inhibition Hypothesis Using A Semantic Blocking Paradigm., Annette Suzanne. Colangelo
Deep Dyslexia And Semantic Errors: A Test Of The Failure Of Inhibition Hypothesis Using A Semantic Blocking Paradigm., Annette Suzanne. Colangelo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Deep dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder in which a previously literate adult produces semantic errors during reading and demonstrates impaired nonword reading. Most models of the syndrome account for the reading errors observed in deep dyslexia in terms of multiple loci of damage. In contrast, Buchanan, McEwen, Westbury, and Libben (2003) proposed that reading errors result from damage in the phonological output lexicon alone. According to this formulation, semantic errors evolve from impaired explicit assess and production due to failure of inhibition. In contrast, implicit processing is assumed to be intact in deep dyslexia. The current investigation tests several …
Affective, Cognitive, And Performance Consequences Of Self-Selected Self-Handicaps., Kelly Theresa. Powell
Affective, Cognitive, And Performance Consequences Of Self-Selected Self-Handicaps., Kelly Theresa. Powell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Self-handicapping is defined as the construction of obstacles or impediments to successful performance by an individual to protect or enhance self-esteem or self-image. The purpose of this research study was to explore the consequences of engaging in a behavioral self-handicapping strategy. In addition to positive and negative affect, test performance, test performance attributions, and self-efficacy were measured. Self-esteem and tendency to self-handicap served as covariates. Self-selected handicaps were examined in a quasi-experimental design. Participants chose whether to self-handicap or not by selecting either perceived distracting or enhancing music. Participants completed pre-test measures of positive affect, negative affect, self-esteem, and tendency …
Motivating Students With Learning Disabilities: The Role Of Parents., Tracey Ann. Rilett
Motivating Students With Learning Disabilities: The Role Of Parents., Tracey Ann. Rilett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to examine the motivational practices of parents whose children have learning disabilities. A group of 123 parents responded to the Parental Motivational Practices Scale (Gottfried, Gottfried, & Fleming, 1994b) and 105 students, 38 with learning disabilities (LD) and 67 without learning disabilities (NLD), in grades 4 through 8, responded to the Student Attitude Measure (Wick, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c) and the Children's Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (Gottfried, 1986a). The results indicate that mothers of LD students use more extrinsic practices than do mothers of NLD students. Interestingly, their use of extrinsic practices does not …
University Women's Experience With And Perceptions Of Premenstrual Syndrome., Jessica A. Hamilton
University Women's Experience With And Perceptions Of Premenstrual Syndrome., Jessica A. Hamilton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present investigation examined the relationship between women's self-reports of their experiences with Premenstrual Syndrome and several factors: beliefs about Premenstrual Syndrome, feminist ideology, and adherence to sex roles. One hundred and seventeen undergraduate women completed the questionnaire. Results indicated that feminists experienced more severe symptoms than non-feminists and that the stronger the belief in Premenstrual Syndrome the more severe the symptomatology. There was no effect of sex role orientation on symptomatology. In addition, all except the 16 women who were high in masculinity and low in femininity believed in the existence of Premenstrual Syndrome without skepticism. This subgroup reported …
A Comparison Of Two Oral Language Facilitation Programs For Kindergarten Children With Language Impairments., Melinda Ann. Hinch
A Comparison Of Two Oral Language Facilitation Programs For Kindergarten Children With Language Impairments., Melinda Ann. Hinch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The difference in oral language skill development between language-impaired kindergarten children in a direct intervention group planned and executed by a speech-language pathologist and an indirect intervention parent training group were investigated. Standardized and non-standardized tests were administered prior to and following the programs. The results indicated that the direct intervention group improved in some areas of receptive language, expressive language and early literacy measures while the indirect language group showed improvement in some areas of expressive language development. The findings support service delivery modifications for speech-language pathologists in school board systems. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major …
Field Independence-Dependence, Self-Concept And Playfulness In Preadolescents., Sandra Leanne. Bosacki
Field Independence-Dependence, Self-Concept And Playfulness In Preadolescents., Sandra Leanne. Bosacki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationships between field independence-dependence (FI-FD), self-concept and playfulness in preadolescent girls and boys. Sixty-three sixth-grade students (33 girls, 30 boys) from four classes in three schools in Southwestern Ontario participated in the study, with each student completing the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT; Witkin, Oltman & Raskin, 1971) and The Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1967). The students' current teachers (2 female, 2 male) and those from the previous year (2 female, 3 male) completed the Playfulness-NonPlayfulness Scale (PF-NonPF; Lieberman, 1977a). Contrary to prediction, no significant gender differences or correlations were …
Aids Education: A Social Constructionist Approach (Immune Deficiency)., Julie Marie. Fraser
Aids Education: A Social Constructionist Approach (Immune Deficiency)., Julie Marie. Fraser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
AIDS and HIV is a constantly growing concern in North American society. Adolescents and youth are considered to be groups in particular risk because of their unsafe sexual practices. Previous positivist research efforts attempted to understand adolescent risk as a function of their knowledge and a variety of attitudinal variables. While this research provided valuable findings, an understanding of adolescent unsafe behaviour remained fragmentary. The present study utilized a social constructionist approach to investigate this problem. Open-ended interviews were conducted with youth and adolescents in the Windsor area. Participants were encouraged to provide their constructions regarding a number of topics …
Inter-Informant Agreement And Childhood Depression., Alison Denise. Crocker
Inter-Informant Agreement And Childhood Depression., Alison Denise. Crocker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the present study, the influence of several variables on parent-child agreement for child, mother, and father reports of child functioning were investigated. Variables included the specificity of the depression measure used, child self-reports of global self-worth, and parent reported pathology. Harter's (Harter, Marold, & Whitesell, 1991) model of the mediational role of self-worth as a risk factor of depression and suicidal ideation was also examined. This model was originally developed for use with adolescents but was tested with elementary school age children in this study. Ninety-two elementary school children (9 to 12 years of age), their mothers, and a …
Engagement In Study Behaviours: The Role Of Personological Variable And Perceived Course Characteristics., Annette Dufresne
Engagement In Study Behaviours: The Role Of Personological Variable And Perceived Course Characteristics., Annette Dufresne
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined relationships among personological variables, perceived course characteristics, and the study behaviours employed by students. In addition, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Perceived Course Characteristics Questionnaire (PCCQ), an instrument designed for the present study. Subjects were sampled from 2nd and 3rd year university level psychology courses. From a total of 884 questionnaires distributed, 673 were returned. In addition to the PCCQ, subjects also completed a self-concept of academic ability questionnaire, an attributional orientation questionnaire, a motivational orientation questionnaire, and a course-specific study behaviour questionnaire. Results revealed that the reliability of all subscales of …
Psychosocial Functioning Of Children With Learning Disabilities: The Relations Between Psychosocial Subtypes And Neuropsychological Functioning At Three Age Levels., Darren R. Fuerst
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aims of this study were threefold: (1) develop a psychosocial typology of children with LD; (2) assess the external validity of the resulting typology; (3) explore the relations between age and psychosocial functioning. To this end, a sample of 728 children with LD between the ages of 7 and 13 years was constructed. All children met a commonly used set of criteria for LD (including normal intelligence, evidence of underachievement on a standardized test of academic skills, and no evidence of primary psychopathology) that has demonstrated good performance in previous research. For some analyses, children were subdivided into three …
Comparison And External Validation Of 40 Hz Eeg Activity In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Reading Disability., Fred. Schmidt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined and compared 40 Hz EEG activity in children with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and children with specific Reading Disability (RD). EEG activity limited to the 40 Hz range, referred to as focused arousal, is reportedly a measure of facilitatory attention processes and a foundational skill for efficient memory. Overt psychological measures of memory and attention were also administered for purposes of external validation of the focused arousal construct and to provide further clarification of memory processes in ADHD and RD children. In total, 38 right handed male children between the ages of 7 years 10 months …
Vocational Bias: Students Entering Nontraditional Careers., Brenda A. Tomini
Vocational Bias: Students Entering Nontraditional Careers., Brenda A. Tomini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vocational bias can be defined as an implicit assumption that certain careers are more appropriate for one gender than another. Study 1 examined vocational bias from a student's perspective. More specifically, this study addressed the careers to which Canadian undergraduates currently aspire, individuals who influence these choices, students' career confidence, and principally, recent experiences with high school counsellors. In particular, the occupational choices of female students were focused on, especially in the context of previous experience with counsellors. As well, the types of extracurricular activities students participate in were examined. Study 2 examined vocational bias from the perspective of teachers. …
A Study Of The Effects Of Time-Of-Day On Hemispheric Processing In Adults Using Two Dichotic Listening Tasks., Margaret J. Wojtowicz
A Study Of The Effects Of Time-Of-Day On Hemispheric Processing In Adults Using Two Dichotic Listening Tasks., Margaret J. Wojtowicz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sixty-four adults, (32 males and 32 females), were tested on two dichotic listening tasks, consonant-vowels (CVs) and musical melodies, during two sessions, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The study was set up to examine two time-of-day hypotheses: Colquhoun's (1971) hypothesis that performance follows circadian body rhythms and would increase later in the day; and Folkard's (1979) hypothesis that a cognitive shift in processing occurs in the course of the day, such that performance on some tasks would improve while performance on other tasks would deteriorate. Neither Colquhoun's nor Folkard's hypothesis was wholly supported. The only significant …
Relationships Among College Students' Self-Related Cognitions And Academic Achievement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach., Pearl Jean. Szkiba-Day
Relationships Among College Students' Self-Related Cognitions And Academic Achievement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach., Pearl Jean. Szkiba-Day
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined a hypothesized model of the relationships among self-related cognitions and academic achievement in a group of college students. The self-related constructs of interest are: perceptions of academic competence (academic self-concept) defined as evaluations of one's academic competence and degree of importance of achievement-related activities; expectation for future academic performance (expectation) defined as the students' realistic expectation of their grade point average and the degree of commitment to this expectation; perceptions of control over academic outcomes defined as the amount of understanding about the causes of one's successes and failures in school (level of understanding) and the extent …
Determination Of The Subtypal Composition Of Several Samples Of Learning-Disabled Children Selected On The Basis Of Wisc Fsiq Iq Level: A Neuropsychological, Multivariate Approach., Gerald T. Mcfadden
Determination Of The Subtypal Composition Of Several Samples Of Learning-Disabled Children Selected On The Basis Of Wisc Fsiq Iq Level: A Neuropsychological, Multivariate Approach., Gerald T. Mcfadden
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
At this point, the research efforts of many investigators of learning disabled children have most often included only those children who could be considered learning disabled after excluding all other possible reasons for their academic difficulties. These studies typically exclude all children who are considered low functioning (i.e., low-IQ), emotionally disturbed, environmentally deprived, brain damaged, and hearing or visually impaired. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the subtypal composition of various samples of learning disabled (LD) children selected on the basis of WISC FSIQ level. The issue of the adequacy of the traditional exclusionary definition of LD …
The Effects Of Self-Esteem Training On Practicing Registered Nurses., Dorothy T. Mcgee
The Effects Of Self-Esteem Training On Practicing Registered Nurses., Dorothy T. Mcgee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nursing staff shortages and the high cost of health care have focused attention on burnout in nurses. High self-esteem is seen as a buffer to prevent burnout and is thought to enhance performance. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of self-esteem training on practicing registered nurses and to explored the relationship between self-esteem and performance. Concept mapping was used as the teaching strategy. The majority (86%) of the randomly selected sample had both high self-esteem and high quality performance before training. After training 92% had normal healthy levels of self-esteem and performance levels increased significantly. No …
Emotional/Behavioral Adjustment And Achievement Outcomes Associated With Specific Learning Disability Subtypes., Donald T. Abrash
Emotional/Behavioral Adjustment And Achievement Outcomes Associated With Specific Learning Disability Subtypes., Donald T. Abrash
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether learning-disabled children presenting differing patterns of cognitive abilities and deficits also differ in their emotional/behavioral functioning in school. The relationship between ability/disability structure and long-term academic achievement was also examined in this study. Sixty-nine learning-disabled students were assigned to one of three groups on the basis of their WISC-R Verbal I.Q.-Performance I.Q. discrepancy patterns. Group 1 subjects' VIQ-PIQ discrepancy did not exceed 9 points; Group 2 subjects' PIQ exceeded VIQ by at least 12 points, while Group 3 subjects' VIQ exceeded PIQ by at least 12 points. The data for …