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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Urea Is Both A Carbon And Nitrogen Source For Microcystis Aeruginosa: Tracking 13c Incorporation At Bloom Ph Conditions, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, Abigail T. Farmer, Hector F. Castro Gonzlez, Brittany N. Zerpernick, Shawn R. Campagna, Steven W. Wilhelm
Urea Is Both A Carbon And Nitrogen Source For Microcystis Aeruginosa: Tracking 13c Incorporation At Bloom Ph Conditions, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, Abigail T. Farmer, Hector F. Castro Gonzlez, Brittany N. Zerpernick, Shawn R. Campagna, Steven W. Wilhelm
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
The use of urea as a nitrogenous fertilizer has increased over the past two decades, with urea itself being readily detected at high concentrations in many lakes. Urea has been linked to cyanobacterial blooms as it is a readily assimilated nitrogen (N) - source for cyanobacteria that possess the enzyme urease. We tested the hypothesis that urea may also act as a carbon (C) source to supplemental growth requirements during the alkaline conditions created by dense cyanobacterial blooms, when concentrations of dissolved CO2 are vanishingly low. High rates of photosynthesis markedly reduce dissolved CO2 concentrations and drive up pH. This …
Contrasting Controls On Microzooplankton Grazing And Viral Infection Of Microbial Prey, David Talmy, Stephen J. Beckett, Adam B. Zhang, Darcy A. A. Taniguchi, Joshua S. Weitz, Michael J. Follows
Contrasting Controls On Microzooplankton Grazing And Viral Infection Of Microbial Prey, David Talmy, Stephen J. Beckett, Adam B. Zhang, Darcy A. A. Taniguchi, Joshua S. Weitz, Michael J. Follows
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
The encounter and capture of bacteria and phytoplankton by microbial predators and parasites is fundamental to marine ecosystem organization and activity. Here, we combined classic biophysical models with published laboratory measurements to infer functional traits, including encounter kernel and capture efficiency, for a wide range of marine viruses and microzooplankton grazers. Despite virus particles being orders of magnitude smaller than microzooplankton grazers, virus encounter kernels and adsorption rates were in many cases comparable in magnitude to grazer encounter kernel and clearance, pointing to Brownian motion as a highly effective method of transport for viruses. Inferred virus adsorption efficiency covered many …
Cryopreservation Of Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus-1 During An Active Infection Cycle Of Its Host, Samantha R. Coy, Alyssa N. Alsante, James L. Van Etten, Steven W. Wilhelm
Cryopreservation Of Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus-1 During An Active Infection Cycle Of Its Host, Samantha R. Coy, Alyssa N. Alsante, James L. Van Etten, Steven W. Wilhelm
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Best practices in laboratory culture management often include cryopreservation of microbiota, but this can be challenging with some virus particles. By preserving viral isolates researchers can mitigate genetic drift and laboratory-induced selection, thereby maintaining genetically consistent strains between experiments. To this end, we developed a method to cryopreserve the model, green-alga infecting virus, Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1). We explored cryotolerance of the infectivity of this virus particle, whereby freezing without cryoprotectants was found to maintain the highest infectivity (~2.5%). We then assessed the cryopreservation potential of PBCV-1 during an active infection cycle in its Chlorella variabilisNC64A host, and …
Carbon Fate And Flux In Prochlorococcus Under Nitrogen Limitation, Martin J. Szul, Stephen P. Dearth, Shawn R. Campagna, Erik R. Zinser
Carbon Fate And Flux In Prochlorococcus Under Nitrogen Limitation, Martin J. Szul, Stephen P. Dearth, Shawn R. Campagna, Erik R. Zinser
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Primary production by Prochlorococcus, the smallest known free-living photosynthetic organism in terms of both physical and genomic size, is thought to have a significant role in global carbon cycles. Despite its small size and low growth rate, Prochlorococcus numerically dominates the phytoplankton community in the nutrient-poor oligotrophic ocean, the largest biome of the Earth’s surface. How nutrient limitation, and nitrogen limitation in particular, affects the fate and flux of carbon fixed by Prochlorococcus is currently unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we compared the bulk rates of photosynthesis and organic carbon release, the concentrations of intracellular metabolites, and the …
Anticytomegalovirus Peptides Point To New Insights For Cmv Entry Mechanisms And The Limitations Of In Vitro Screenings, Joseph W. Jackson, Trevor J. Hancock, Pranay Dogra, Ravi Patel, Ravit Arav-Boger, Angela D. Williams, Stephen J. Kennel, Jonathan S. Wall, Tim E. Sparer
Anticytomegalovirus Peptides Point To New Insights For Cmv Entry Mechanisms And The Limitations Of In Vitro Screenings, Joseph W. Jackson, Trevor J. Hancock, Pranay Dogra, Ravi Patel, Ravit Arav-Boger, Angela D. Williams, Stephen J. Kennel, Jonathan S. Wall, Tim E. Sparer
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus that can cause severe disease following in utero exposure, during primary infection, or la- tent virus reactivation in immunocompromised populations. These complications lead to a 1- to 2-billion-dollar economic burden, making vaccine development and/or alternative treatments a high priority. Current treatments for HCMV include nucleoside analogues such as ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet, and cidofovir. Recently, letermovir, a terminase complex inhibitor, was approved for prophylaxis after stem cell transplantation. These treatments have unwanted side effects, and HCMV is be- coming resistant to them. Therefore, we sought to develop an alternative treatment that targets a different …
Overproduction Of Phospholipids By The Kennedy Pathway Leads To Hypervirulence In Candida Albicans, Robert N. Tams, Chelsi D. Cassilly, Sanket Anaokar, William T. Brewer, Justin T. Dinsmore, Ying-Lien Chen, Jana Patton-Vogt, Todd B. Reynolds
Overproduction Of Phospholipids By The Kennedy Pathway Leads To Hypervirulence In Candida Albicans, Robert N. Tams, Chelsi D. Cassilly, Sanket Anaokar, William T. Brewer, Justin T. Dinsmore, Ying-Lien Chen, Jana Patton-Vogt, Todd B. Reynolds
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening systemic infections, as well as oral mucosal infections. Phospholipids are crucial for pathogenesis in C. albicans, as disruption of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis within the cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) pathway causes avirulence in a mouse model of systemic infection. The synthesis of PE by this pathway plays a crucial role in virulence, but it was unknown if downstream conversion of PE to phosphatidylcholine (PC) is required for pathogenicity. Therefore, the enzymes responsible for methylating PE to PC, Pem1 and Pem2, were disrupted. The resulting pem1Δ/Δ …
Exposure Of Candida Albicans Β (1,3)-Glucan Is Promoted By Activation Of The Cek1 Pathway, Tian Chen, Joseph W. Jackson, Robert N. Tams, Sarah E. Davis, Tim E. Sparer, Todd B. Reynolds
Exposure Of Candida Albicans Β (1,3)-Glucan Is Promoted By Activation Of The Cek1 Pathway, Tian Chen, Joseph W. Jackson, Robert N. Tams, Sarah E. Davis, Tim E. Sparer, Todd B. Reynolds
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Candida albicans is among the most common causes of human fungal infections and is an important source of mortality. C. albicans is able to diminish its detection by innate immune cells through masking of β (1,3)-glucan in the inner cell wall with an outer layer of heavily glycosylated mannoproteins (mannan). However, mutations or drugs that disrupt the cell wall can lead to exposure of β (1,3)-glucan (unmasking) and enhanced detection by innate immune cells through receptors like Dectin-1, the C-type signaling lectin. Previously, our lab showed that the pathway for synthesizing the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a role in β …
The Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Vcxcl-1 Modulates Normal Dissemination Kinetics Of Murine Cytomegalovirus In Vivo, Joseph Jackson, Trevor J. Hancock, Ellen Laprade, Pranay Dogra, Eric R. Gann, Thomas J. Masi, Ravichandran Panchanathan, William E. Miller, Steven W. Wilhelm, Tim E. Sparer
The Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Vcxcl-1 Modulates Normal Dissemination Kinetics Of Murine Cytomegalovirus In Vivo, Joseph Jackson, Trevor J. Hancock, Ellen Laprade, Pranay Dogra, Eric R. Gann, Thomas J. Masi, Ravichandran Panchanathan, William E. Miller, Steven W. Wilhelm, Tim E. Sparer
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that is a significant pathogen within newborn and immunocompromised populations. Morbidity associated with HCMV infection is the consequence of viral dissemination. HCMV has evolved to manipulate the host immune system to enhance viral dissemination and ensure long-term survival within the host. The immunomodulatory protein vCXCL-1, a viral chemokine functioning primarily through the CXCR2 chemokine receptor, is hypothesized to attract CXCR2+ neutrophils to infection sites, aiding viral dissemination. Neutrophils harbor HCMV in vivo; however, the interaction between vCXCL-1 and the neutrophil has not been evaluated in vivo. Using the mouse model and mouse …
Uv Laser-Induced, Time-Resolved Transcriptome Responses Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Melinda Hauser, Paul E. Abraham, Lorenz Barcelona, Jeffrey M. Becker
Uv Laser-Induced, Time-Resolved Transcriptome Responses Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Melinda Hauser, Paul E. Abraham, Lorenz Barcelona, Jeffrey M. Becker
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
We determined the effect on gene transcription of laser-mediated, long-wavelength UV-irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by RNAseq analysis at times T15, T30, and T60 min after recovery in growth medium. Laser-irradiated cells were viable, and the transcriptional response was transient, with over 400 genes differentially expressed at T15 or T30, returning to basal level transcription by T60. Identification of transcripts exhibiting enhanced differential expression that were unique to UV laser-irradiation were identified by imposing a stringent significance cut-off (P < 0.05, log2 difference >2) then filtering out genes known as environmental stress response (ESR) genes. Using these rigorous criteria, 56 genes were differentially expressed …
Root-Associated Streptomyces Isolates Harboring Melc Genes Demonstrate Enhanced Plant Colonization, Sarah Stuart Chewning, David L. Grant, Bridget S. O’Banion, Alexandra D. Gates, Brandon J. Kennedy, Shawn R. Campagna, Sarah L. Lebeis
Root-Associated Streptomyces Isolates Harboring Melc Genes Demonstrate Enhanced Plant Colonization, Sarah Stuart Chewning, David L. Grant, Bridget S. O’Banion, Alexandra D. Gates, Brandon J. Kennedy, Shawn R. Campagna, Sarah L. Lebeis
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Streptomycetaceae assemble into the internal, root endophytic compartment of a wide variety of plants grown in soils worldwide, suggesting their ability to survive during root microbiome assembly. A previous study found that among four nonpathogenic, root-isolated Streptomyces strains (303, 299, CL18, and 136), only 303 and 299 colonized endophytic root tissue of the majority of Arabidopsis thaliana roots when inoculated with 34 other bacterial isolates. Here we demonstrate that 303 and 299 also colonize significantly more in singly inoculated A. thaliana seedlings. The genomes of melanin-producing 303 and 299 each contain two copies of the gene encoding tyrosinase (melC2 …
Insight Into The Molecular Mechanisms For Microcystin Biodegradation In Lake Erie And Lake Taihu, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, Morgan M. Steffen, Robert M. Mckay, George S. Bullerjahn, Gregory L. Boyer, Steven W. Wilhelm
Insight Into The Molecular Mechanisms For Microcystin Biodegradation In Lake Erie And Lake Taihu, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, Morgan M. Steffen, Robert M. Mckay, George S. Bullerjahn, Gregory L. Boyer, Steven W. Wilhelm
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Microcystins are potent hepatotoxins that are frequently detected in fresh water lakes plagued by toxic cyanobacteria. Microbial biodegradation has been referred to as the most important avenue for removal of microcystin from aquatic environments. The biochemical pathway most commonly associated with the degradation of microcystin is encoded by the mlrABCD (mlr) cassette. The ecological significance of this pathway remains unclear as no studies have examined the expression of these genes in natural environments. Six metatranscriptomes were generated from microcystin-producing Microcystis blooms and analyzed to assess the activity of this pathway in environmental samples. Seventy-eight samples were collected from …
Lrg1 Regulates Β (1, 3)-Glucan Masking In Candida Albicans Through The Cek1 Map Kinase Pathway, Tian Chen, Andrew S. Wagner, Robert N. Tams, James E. Eyer, Eric R. Gann, Elias J. Fernandez, Todd B. Reynolds
Lrg1 Regulates Β (1, 3)-Glucan Masking In Candida Albicans Through The Cek1 Map Kinase Pathway, Tian Chen, Andrew S. Wagner, Robert N. Tams, James E. Eyer, Eric R. Gann, Elias J. Fernandez, Todd B. Reynolds
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Candida albicans is among the most prevalent opportunistic human fungal pathogens. The ability to mask the immunogenic polysaccharide β (1,3)-glucan from immune detection via a layer of mannosylated proteins is a key virulence factor of C. albicans. We previously reported that hyperactivation of the Cek1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway promotes β (1,3)-glucan exposure. In this communication, we report a novel upstream regulator of Cek1 activation and characterize the impact of Cek1 activity on fungal virulence. Lrg1 encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that has been suggested to inhibit the GTPase Rho1. We found that disruption of LRG1 causes Cek1 hyperactivation …
Carbon In The Deep Biosphere: Forms, Fates, And Biogeochemical Cycling, Susan Q. Lang, Magdalena R. Osburn, Andrew D. Steen
Carbon In The Deep Biosphere: Forms, Fates, And Biogeochemical Cycling, Susan Q. Lang, Magdalena R. Osburn, Andrew D. Steen
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Building on the synthesis of carbon reservoirs in Earth's subsurface, this chapter focuses on the forms, cycling, and fate of the carbon supporting microbial life in the terrestrial and marine subsurface. As the subsurface is estimated to host a vast reservoir of life on Earth, identifying the carbon compounds that life uses for energy and growth is key to understanding ecosystem functioning in the past and at present, and also for extrapolating these findings to the search for life in the universe. This chapter highlights advances in quantifying small carbon compounds, measuring rates of carbon turnover, and the fate of …
Estimating Residence Times Of Lymphocytes In Ovine Lymph Nodes, Margaret M. Mcdaniel, Vitaly V. Ganusov
Estimating Residence Times Of Lymphocytes In Ovine Lymph Nodes, Margaret M. Mcdaniel, Vitaly V. Ganusov
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
The ability of lymphocytes to recirculate between blood and secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen is well established. Sheep have been used as an experimental system to study lymphocyte recirculation for decades and multiple studies document accumulation and loss of intravenously (i.v.) transferred lymphocytes in efferent lymph of various ovine LNs. Yet, surprisingly little work has been done to accurately quantify the dynamics of lymphocyte exit from the LNs and to estimate the average residence times of lymphocytes in ovine LNs. In this work we developed a series of mathematical models based on fundamental principles of …
Bacillus Pumilus B12 Degrades Polylactic Acid And Degradation Is Affected By Changing Nutrient Conditions, Kyle S. Bonifer, Xianfang Wen, Sahar Hasim, Elise K. Phillips, Rachel N. Dunlap, Eric R. Gann, Jennifer M. Debruyn, Todd B. Reynolds
Bacillus Pumilus B12 Degrades Polylactic Acid And Degradation Is Affected By Changing Nutrient Conditions, Kyle S. Bonifer, Xianfang Wen, Sahar Hasim, Elise K. Phillips, Rachel N. Dunlap, Eric R. Gann, Jennifer M. Debruyn, Todd B. Reynolds
Microbiology Publications and Other Works
Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is increasingly used as a biodegradable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. In this study, we identify a novel agricultural soil isolate of Bacillus pumilus (B12) that is capable of degrading high molecular weight PLA films. This degradation can be detected on a short timescale, with significant degradation detected within 48-h by the release of L-lactate monomers, allowing for a rapid identification ideal for experimental variation. The validity of using L-lactate as a proxy for degradation of PLA films is corroborated by loss of rigidity and appearance of fractures in PLA films, as measured by atomic force microscopy …