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Intermediate Conformity Of Hrm Practices In Host Countries: Why And How They Work, Wenjuan Guo
Intermediate Conformity Of Hrm Practices In Host Countries: Why And How They Work, Wenjuan Guo
Journal of Global Business Insights
The institutional theory suggests that multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to conform to institutional norms to gain legitimacy, thereby enhancing their survival in host countries. Conversely, from the perspective of business strategy, MNEs gain a competitive advantage by leveraging organizational capabilities worldwide. These two perspectives imply that MNEs face conflicting pressures when adopting HRM practices in their host country subsidiaries. This article discusses the rationale for why MNEs’ subsidiaries should intermediately conform to both internal and external institutional forces and adopt a combination of home and host country HRM practices. Furthermore, it suggests that intermediate conformity contributes to a higher survival …
Doing Business And Contributing To Conflict Prevention And Development In Ghana, Abdul Karim Issifu, Musa Essuman, Felix Dade
Doing Business And Contributing To Conflict Prevention And Development In Ghana, Abdul Karim Issifu, Musa Essuman, Felix Dade
Journal of Global Business Insights
While some scholars argue that companies implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) for altruistic reasons, to gain an advantage over rivals in the industry, to enhance corporate reputation, and to be seen as ethical for addressing environmental and socio-economic difficulties, other scholars view CSR as unnecessary. These scholars argue that CSR initiatives adversely affect corporate profits. The understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete, especially with the lack of empirical understanding about why corporate bodies execute CSR in spite of their primary goal of maximizing profits. To better understand this gap in knowledge, this case study of the Newmont Ghana Gold Limited …
The Impact Of Globalization On Domestic Growth In Africa, Thomas L. Ainscough, Todd M. Shank
The Impact Of Globalization On Domestic Growth In Africa, Thomas L. Ainscough, Todd M. Shank
Journal of Global Business Insights
Research into the impacts of globalization on domestic growth in Africa has been scarce and the results of the research that does exist have been mixed. This research addresses this gap in the literature by using the newly revised KOF Globalization Index to determine the impact of social, political, and financial globalization on African economies. The KOF Index was revised substantially in 2019. Our full data set includes 40 years of data, from 1980-2019. Findings indicate that the relationship between globalization and GDP is best represented by a non-linear cubic model. With that model, social globalization has become Africa’s most …
A Heuristic Outlook On The Occupational Accidents Of Food & Beverage Staff In Hotels, Gulsah Akkus, Aytug Arslan, Merve Iscen, Burcu Isik
A Heuristic Outlook On The Occupational Accidents Of Food & Beverage Staff In Hotels, Gulsah Akkus, Aytug Arslan, Merve Iscen, Burcu Isik
Journal of Global Business Insights
The labor-intensive structure, 24/7 service availability, diversity of departments including kitchens, housekeeping, and technical services, the high labor turnover ratios, along with the long working hours and shift systems inherent in accommodation establishments all play a role in the occurrence of occupational accidents (OA). Fundamental reasons underlying OA are unsafe behavior and unsafe working conditions. This study analyzes with a qualitative method the OA that occur in the food & beverage (F&B) service department of accommodation establishments from the viewpoint of employees. The study concludes that the majority of these accidents are not high risk, and generally result from unsafe …
How Airline Managers Assess Their Competitive Positions: A Case Study In Turkey, Huseyin O. Aldemir, Ferhan K. Sengur
How Airline Managers Assess Their Competitive Positions: A Case Study In Turkey, Huseyin O. Aldemir, Ferhan K. Sengur
Journal of Global Business Insights
This study focused on how airline managers perceive their competitive positions. Based on the perceptions of the airline managers, strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analyses were carried out. All scheduled and unscheduled passenger carriers in Turkey were used as sample for this research. The data were acquired through qualitative research by semi-structured interviews with senior executives of the airlines. This research demonstrated how airline managers assess their competitive positions in the market. The similarities and differences related to each airlines’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were put forward. Interviews among managers of the airline companies operating in Turkey revealed varied perceptions on business …
A User-Generated Content Analysis On The Quality Of Restaurants Using The Tourqual Model, Tiago S. Mondo, Andre R. C. Perinotto, Valerio Souza-Neto
A User-Generated Content Analysis On The Quality Of Restaurants Using The Tourqual Model, Tiago S. Mondo, Andre R. C. Perinotto, Valerio Souza-Neto
Journal of Global Business Insights
The restaurant market is becoming more competitive, and businesses are challenged to differentiate themselves in this sector in terms of quality of services. This research aimed to identify the specific indicators for measuring the quality of restaurant service in Brazil. Based on a quantitative paradigm, we adopted a user-generated content analysis with a sample of 1,143,631 customer reviews from 35,611 restaurants in seven Brazilian cities available on the TripAdvisor platform. We collected and registered the data in text and analyzed the results with the support of T-LAB software. Moreover, we adopted TOURQUAL Protocol (Mondo, 2014) to identify the main requirements …
Co-Occurrence Network Analysis (Cna) As An Alternative Tool To Assess Survey-Based Research Models In Hospitality And Tourism Research, Mehmet A. Koseoglu, John A. Parnell, Hasan E. Arici
Co-Occurrence Network Analysis (Cna) As An Alternative Tool To Assess Survey-Based Research Models In Hospitality And Tourism Research, Mehmet A. Koseoglu, John A. Parnell, Hasan E. Arici
Journal of Global Business Insights
Hospitality and tourism (H&T) researchers employ structural equation modeling (SEM) and other multivariate techniques to test their models with survey data. These approaches assess relationships among constructs and model fit, but they do not highlight the most influential survey items or links among them. Other challenges include method-specific requirements for appropriate data, the best indices to identify optimal models, minimum sample sizes, missing data, and interpreting the results from complex models. Co-occurrence network analysis (CNA) can mitigate these limitations. This study validates CNA in the H&T field with a survey dataset that assesses market strategy, nonmarket strategy (NMS), organizational values, …
Re-Architecting The Firm For Increased Value: How Business Models Are Adapting To The New Ai Environment, Gozde Turktarhan, David S. Aleong, Chandra Aleong
Re-Architecting The Firm For Increased Value: How Business Models Are Adapting To The New Ai Environment, Gozde Turktarhan, David S. Aleong, Chandra Aleong
Journal of Global Business Insights
This paper is an examination of how technology, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), brings about changes in business models, with corresponding impacts on the fields of economics and business. Concepts such as value creation and competitive advantage have cascading effects on organizational culture and the functional framework of a firm. Data creation, management, and curation using media platforms enable enhanced scalability and logistics management such that the firm can be re-architected around a digital core. Organizational structure with functions such as marketing and human resource management are integral links in the automated value network anticipating and responding to customers’ needs while …
The Perceived Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Healthcare Cost In Bangladesh, Hasibul Islam, Fatema Johora, Asma A. Abbasy, Masud Rana, Niyungeko Antoine
The Perceived Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Healthcare Cost In Bangladesh, Hasibul Islam, Fatema Johora, Asma A. Abbasy, Masud Rana, Niyungeko Antoine
Journal of Global Business Insights
The study showed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare expenses including the price of medicines, protective equipment, medical devices, healthcare facilities, and food. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection tool and 400 people from different Bangladesh divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Sylhet) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. R programming environment was used to perform the statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used for determination of reliability and found acceptable internal consistency. The price of protective equipment (POPE), the price …
The Effect Of Destructive Leadership On Self-Efficacy And Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Research On Service Sector Employees In Mersin, Turkey, Murat Aydinay, Aysehan Cakici, A. Celil Cakici
The Effect Of Destructive Leadership On Self-Efficacy And Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Research On Service Sector Employees In Mersin, Turkey, Murat Aydinay, Aysehan Cakici, A. Celil Cakici
Journal of Global Business Insights
The aim of this study was to find out the effect of destructive leadership on employees’ self-efficacy and counterproductive work behaviors. The data was collected from a convenience sample of 486 service sector employees in Mersin, Turkey. Descriptive statistics, explanatory factor analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that lack of competence in leadership, excessive authoritarianism, and favoritism dimensions increased the organization-oriented counterproductive work behaviors while resistance to technology and change dimension decreased these behaviors. In contrast, insensitivity to subordinates had no effect on counterproductive work behaviors. Furthermore, destructive leadership had no effect on …
Destination Management: Right Or Wrong Measures, Abdullah Tanrisevdi, Osman Nuri Ozdogan, Vedat Acar, Sibel Kilicdere
Destination Management: Right Or Wrong Measures, Abdullah Tanrisevdi, Osman Nuri Ozdogan, Vedat Acar, Sibel Kilicdere
Journal of Global Business Insights
Planning studies are important for the competitiveness of destinations and their actions with the principles of sustainability. Kuşadası and Didim, which have been among the most important mass tourism destinations in Turkey since 1960, have also long experienced common problems such as lack of coordination, environmental and infrastructural problems, and a lack of an integrated destination approach. Although a series of initiatives have been attempted to solve these problems—with a series of initiatives and good intentions—these initiatives have ultimately failed to achieve their outcomes. The current study aims to present the problems faced with destination management in both destinations. Specifically, …
Blue Economy And Collaborative Strategies: A Critique Of Multi-National Enterprises, Josephine Mabuti Nthia
Blue Economy And Collaborative Strategies: A Critique Of Multi-National Enterprises, Josephine Mabuti Nthia
Journal of Global Business Insights
The concept of blue economy has been advanced by many countries as a new economic frontier aimed at development and utilization of blue ocean resources. To effectively develop a blue economy, capital intensive infrastructure, human and intellectual resources are required although they have been found to vary between countries or regions due economic or natural endowments. A theoretical analysis of relevant theories including: Foreign Direct Investment and eclectic model, Transaction Cost, and Stakeholder theories was undertaken. Further, a critical conceptual analysis covering fifty-five articles on blue economy and collaborative strategies with multinational enterprises (MNEs) was conducted to in an attempt …
Corporate Parenting Advantage: Conceptual, Methodological, And Empirical Considerations, Pairoj Piyawongwathana, Sak Onkvisit
Corporate Parenting Advantage: Conceptual, Methodological, And Empirical Considerations, Pairoj Piyawongwathana, Sak Onkvisit
Journal of Global Business Insights
The pioneering work of Campbell et al. (1995a) presented four ways a corporate parent either creates or destroys value for the companies it owns. They are (a) stand alone, (b) linkage, (c) central functions and services, and (d) corporate development. Despite widespread acceptance of the concept of parenting advantage, empirical research remains scarce. Examining the methodological issues, this research describes the development of an instrument to measure the four strategies. An exploratory factor analysis yielded six distinct factors, accounting for 74.11% of the variance. The results partially validated the a priori classification scheme. A few factors partly reflected the measurement …
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Information System Literacy And Business Process Management On Organizational Performance, Ozel Sebetci
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Information System Literacy And Business Process Management On Organizational Performance, Ozel Sebetci
Journal of Global Business Insights
Information systems bring about many innovation opportunities for organizations. However, there are also several factors affecting these opportunities that need to be investigated. Therefore, taking this necessity as a starting point, the present study was conducted to provide an insight into the associations between Information Systems Literacy (ISL), and the analytical approach, as well as Business Process Management (BPM) usage and organization performance. To this end, a structural model has been developed to define the link between design, methodology and approach structures and study the mediating effect on the relationship between ISL, analytical approach, BPM, and organization performance. A questionnaire …
How To Enhance Tourist Perceptions Of Environmental Issues Through Nature Images: An Importance-Performance Analysis, Hye Jeong Park, Eunkyoung Park
How To Enhance Tourist Perceptions Of Environmental Issues Through Nature Images: An Importance-Performance Analysis, Hye Jeong Park, Eunkyoung Park
Journal of Global Business Insights
Environmental problems have been discussed as a serious issue across the world. To conserve nature, many environmental organizations have tried to facilitate tourists’ environmental perceptions by using nature images on their websites. However, few guidelines have been introduced regarding how to select appropriate nature images. Given this gap, this study conducted an importance-performance analysis (IPA) which provides the specific guideline for the use of appropriate nature images through nature-related websites. A total of 526 participants were recruited through an online survey. The results revealed that 14 nature images were categorized as Useful, Healthy, and Spontaneous nature images and identified different …
Antalya’S Tourist Security: A Gap Analysis Of Expectations Vs Perceptions, Abraham Terrah, Vivienne Wildes, Trishna Gajjar Mistry
Antalya’S Tourist Security: A Gap Analysis Of Expectations Vs Perceptions, Abraham Terrah, Vivienne Wildes, Trishna Gajjar Mistry
Journal of Global Business Insights
The tourism industry strongly contributes to the gross domestic product of many countries. An important aspect of the tourism industry is the security of tourists and its connection to the overall tourism security of a country or tourist location. It is essential to identify vulnerable areas and require security improvements within the tourism industry. This study aims to identify security gaps in the Mediterranean city of Antalya from a tourist perspective. Tourists have been classified in this study as leisure tourists, business tourists, and special event tourists. The research identified expectations and perceptions gaps in the transportation sector, accommodation …
Waste Management Practices Of Small Hotels In Accra: An Application Of The Waste Management Hierarchy Model, Ishmael Mensah
Waste Management Practices Of Small Hotels In Accra: An Application Of The Waste Management Hierarchy Model, Ishmael Mensah
Journal of Global Business Insights
One of the most visible impacts of hotels on the environment is waste. Waste generated by hotels tends to have adverse impacts on the environment. There are, therefore, concerns that the proliferation of small hotels in Accra, the capital city of Ghana, could have adverse impacts on the environment since small hotels have been found to take little action to address their environmental impacts. This paper examines the waste management practices of small hotels in Accra, based on the Waste Management Hierarchy (WMH) model. A survey of 260 managers of small hotels in various parts of Accra was undertaken, employing …
The Suitability Of Disabled Friendly Holiday Accommodation In Turkey: The Case Of Kastamonu Hotels, Aydogan Aydogdu, Emrah Yasarsoy, Huseyin Pamukcu
The Suitability Of Disabled Friendly Holiday Accommodation In Turkey: The Case Of Kastamonu Hotels, Aydogan Aydogdu, Emrah Yasarsoy, Huseyin Pamukcu
Journal of Global Business Insights
The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which the hotels under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the center of the Turkish city Kastamonu are fit for the accommodation of the disabled. The author investigated six accommodation facilities located in the center of Kastamonu by utilizing various tools for data collection, including the Survey Method, face-to-face interviews with business managers, and the Drop-off and Pick-up (DOPU) method. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data. The results indicated that accommodation in these places is far from satisfying the special requirements for the …
Tourism Taxes In Italy: A Sustainable Perspective, Lucia Rotaris, Marta Carrozzo
Tourism Taxes In Italy: A Sustainable Perspective, Lucia Rotaris, Marta Carrozzo
Journal of Global Business Insights
In Italy, a tourism tax was introduced in 2011, since then it has been adopted in most of the Italian provincial capitals and tourist cities. This tax can mitigate the negative externalities caused by tourists; however, it should be carefully planned both in terms of the amount of money to be levied and in terms of the uses to be financed with the tax revenues, it could, otherwise, negatively impact the tourism sector, decreasing—rather than increasing— the social welfare. The aim of this paper is to assess the acceptability of such a tax and to examine how the tax should …
The Impact Of Burnout On Organizational Commitment: A Study Of Public Sector Employees In Turkey, Mehmet Sarisik, Erhan Bogan, Burhanettin Zengin, Bekir Bora Dedeoglu
The Impact Of Burnout On Organizational Commitment: A Study Of Public Sector Employees In Turkey, Mehmet Sarisik, Erhan Bogan, Burhanettin Zengin, Bekir Bora Dedeoglu
Journal of Global Business Insights
This study investigates the relationship between burnout and organizational commitment. It tests the relationship using a sample of 700 public officers in Istanbul by using structural equation modeling. The model tested via partial least squares method via SmartPls software. Results have shown that employees’ burnout are negatively related to organizational commitment. Specifically, while emotional exhaustion is negatively related to commitment, personal accomplishment contributes positively to commitment. The experience of depersonalization has no significant relationship with all three dimensions of commitment. Findings discussed and some practical implications offered to practitioners as well as some future directions to researchers.
The Effect Of Website Quality On Repurchase Intention With The Mediation Of Perceived Value: The Case Study Of Online Travel Agencies In Vietnam, Huyen Pham, Thu Nguyen
The Effect Of Website Quality On Repurchase Intention With The Mediation Of Perceived Value: The Case Study Of Online Travel Agencies In Vietnam, Huyen Pham, Thu Nguyen
Journal of Global Business Insights
The sharing economy is getting broader with its non-ownership assets, better use of resources, lower prices, and more customized products (Belk, 2014). In tourism industry, the development of the sharing economy involved the emergence of online travel agencies (OTAs) who are intermediates between services providers and consumers, provide accommodations, transport services, food and beverages services, tour guide services, etc. (Skalska, 2017). Recently, Vietnam has experienced a rapid growth in the number of users booking tourism products and services through OTAs. Playing such an important role in the tourism market, it is essential for OTAs to retain customers which later bring …
Using The Mixed Methods Research To Model The Hotel Performance Measurement In Egypt: An Example From A Hotel Chain, Karam G. Zaki
Using The Mixed Methods Research To Model The Hotel Performance Measurement In Egypt: An Example From A Hotel Chain, Karam G. Zaki
Journal of Global Business Insights
The aim of this research is to propose a process dynamic model for measuring and benchmarking performance in hotel food and beverage operations. This model involves three sequential stages; first, identifying the existing performance measures used in hotels; followed by, calculating performance using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and LINGO application; third, benchmarking the performance index. The research design involves a case study methodology with the choice of mixed methods. It uses 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews, group discussions, archival analysis, and direct observations. A panel data from 2007 until 2016 was obtained from the hotel cases to get performance calculations and …
Editorial: Volume 3 - Issue 2, Cihan Cobanoglu
Editorial: Volume 3 - Issue 2, Cihan Cobanoglu
Journal of Global Business Insights
It is with a great pleasure that we welcome you to the first issue of the Journal of Global Business Insights (JGBI). JGBI, originally established in 2015, was known as International Interdisciplinary Business-Economics Advancement (IIBA) Journal from 2015-2018. This journal was born with several things in mind. In today’s world, globalization is becoming the norm, thanks to the technology. For this reason, we wanted to create a journal that has a global focus. The journal welcomed distinguished, global editorial board. We would like to thank each of them for their dedication for a new journal. We also wanted to create …
Case Study Of Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation And Management Of Forest Ecosystem Services In Zhalantun City Of Inner Mongolia, China, Zhang Ying, Cainan Zhang
Case Study Of Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation And Management Of Forest Ecosystem Services In Zhalantun City Of Inner Mongolia, China, Zhang Ying, Cainan Zhang
Journal of Global Business Insights
Based on official statistics and on-site investigation, this paper firstly used Direct Market Evaluation Method (DMEM), Indirect Market Evaluation Method (IMEM) etc. evaluated the comprehensive benefits for forest ecosystem services in 2016 in Zhalantun City in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicate that the stock value of Zhalantun forest ecosystem is RMB 42.787 billion, of which the forest land stock value amounts to RMB 27.318 billion, and forest standing timber stock value amounts to RMB 15.469 billion. The flow value, that is the annual comprehensive benefit of forest ecosystem services is RMB 515.864 billion, of which the economic benefits, capitalized …
Investigating The Expenditure And Experience Of International Conference Delegates Visiting Malaysia, Rupam Konar, Kashif Hussain
Investigating The Expenditure And Experience Of International Conference Delegates Visiting Malaysia, Rupam Konar, Kashif Hussain
Journal of Global Business Insights
A continuous growth of the business tourism in Malaysia has attracted many business tourists towards the MICE tourism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expenditure patterns of the international conference delegates in micro areas in relation with the experience level measured based on their spending. A quantitative research-based approach was employed through survey method in the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre to collect the data based on ordinal-polytomous type survey instrument. 378 international conference delegates were chosen through non-probability convenience sampling. The overall expenditure patterns are measured through descriptive analysis, where the results reveals that major part of …
Smart Management Systems (Triple Helix Model) In Waterloo, Canada, Marica Mazurek
Smart Management Systems (Triple Helix Model) In Waterloo, Canada, Marica Mazurek
Journal of Global Business Insights
Knowledge, education, reputation, image, partnerships and co-creation are trends of success. The implication of the idea of interconnection of the academic environment with the business environment and public sector, which has been used in the City of Waterloo and the University of Waterloo, is an example of growing value of a territory and the development of innovative (smart) managerial decisions into a practice. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the results of research conducted in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, which was focused on the growth of competitiveness through the implementation of smart management systems (Triple Helix Model) in the …
Reinventing Tourism Cities: Examining Technologies, Applications, And City Branding In Leading Smart Cities, Mehmet C. Yavuz, Muhittin Cavusoglu, Abdulkadir Corbaci
Reinventing Tourism Cities: Examining Technologies, Applications, And City Branding In Leading Smart Cities, Mehmet C. Yavuz, Muhittin Cavusoglu, Abdulkadir Corbaci
Journal of Global Business Insights
Cities have become engines of economic development. Numerous cities have positively affected the living conditions of residents and visitors by using technological and innovative service delivery tools called smart city technologies and applications. These technologies and applications can be seen at government and private buildings, city facilities, information and communication technology infrastructure, and personal services. They have a net-positive impact on the environment and natural resources by reducing harmful emissions and the excessive and unnecessary use of energy, water, gas, public and private transport vehicles, and more. Cities have used these technologies and applications to brand themselves as having …
Brexit’S Effect On The Uk’S Data Privacy Policy And The Eu Privacy Shield, Margaret E. Vroman, Carol Johnson
Brexit’S Effect On The Uk’S Data Privacy Policy And The Eu Privacy Shield, Margaret E. Vroman, Carol Johnson
Journal of Global Business Insights
Today’s business is dependent on information; information about an individual’s financial wealth, education, purchasing preferences and even health conditions. How companies treat the information, or data, they accumulate from individuals is governed by the laws in which they are incorporated and operate. Unfortunately, these laws often conflict especially when an American business is operating in Europe. This conflict led the European Commission to develop data privacy principles known as the Safe Harbor Directive, which if followed allowed US companies to store and use EU customer data. However, a lawsuit challenging the legitimacy of the Safe Harbor’s privacy protections for EU …
Factors Influencing Management Development Of Mba Students: Exploring Concerns Of Business Schools In Pakistan, Obed R. Syed, Rosmini Omar, Arabella Bhutto
Factors Influencing Management Development Of Mba Students: Exploring Concerns Of Business Schools In Pakistan, Obed R. Syed, Rosmini Omar, Arabella Bhutto
Journal of Global Business Insights
The purpose of this study is to explore factors that reinforce or obstruct business schools in Pakistan to develop managerial knowledge, skills and work-based learning experiences of MBA students. The study is prompted by growing debates about insufficiencies in business schools to prepare MBA graduates based on managerial capital needs in the regional markets. To understand the reasons of insufficiencies from business school’s viewpoint, this study employs qualitative interviews to explore factors that reinforce or obstruct business schools. Deans, faculty members and administrators of five different business schools in Hyderabad, Pakistan participated in this study. Responses of the participants are …
Returns Of Merger And Acquisition Activities In The Gaming Industry, Hyun K. Chatfield, Robert E. Chatfield, Yen-Soon Kim
Returns Of Merger And Acquisition Activities In The Gaming Industry, Hyun K. Chatfield, Robert E. Chatfield, Yen-Soon Kim
Journal of Global Business Insights
The gaming industry experienced numerous merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the 1990s. This study examines the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) for gaming target and bidding firms around the announcement of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) from 1985 to 2004. The results showed that both targets and bidders had significant positive returns. The study finds that gaming targets enjoy significant positive returns consistent with the literature. Gaming industry bidders earn significant, positive returns. The literature on bidder returns shows mixed results; some were positive, some were negative but many are not significantly different from zero. The positive bidder returns in the …