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Corporate Welfare:If Business Location Incentives Do Not Work, Why Do Localities Continue To Offer Them?, Katja Hamel
Corporate Welfare:If Business Location Incentives Do Not Work, Why Do Localities Continue To Offer Them?, Katja Hamel
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
State and local governments provide a variety of inducements to persuade private industries to locate in their areas. Corporate welfare takes the form of property and sales tax abatements or exemptions, low interest loans, grants, utility credits, and other financial incentives given to companies by states and localities with the expectation that these companies will bring with them more jobs and increased revenue for the residents of those communities. Because these programs are largely promise- based rather than performance based, they often fail to meet expectations. Despite the overall inefficiencies of business location incentives, other factors assure their continued use.
Welfare Reform: An Historical Overview, Richard K. Caputo
Welfare Reform: An Historical Overview, Richard K. Caputo
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
This essay provides an historical overview of welfare reform efforts prior to enactment of The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 by the 104th Congress. The author argues that the 1996 Act reaffirmed the labor market as the major arbiter of economic well-being of American citizens. In so doing, passage of the Act signified the formal end of income maintenance for able-bodied parents and released the federal government from assuming major responsibility for reducing poverty per se.
Keynote Address: Social Justice Week 1997, Peter Edelman
Keynote Address: Social Justice Week 1997, Peter Edelman
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
I am pleased to be here not just to talk about the question of what happens to poor people under the new welfare legislation, but also because you have asked me to speak as part of your Social Justice Week. It is very important that you have Social Justice Week and that so many people are so interested in participating. As I will say in more detail later, it is urgent that we get beyond the debate over welfare at the same time as we pay careful attention to the implementation of the new welfare legislation. Our real effort has …
Welfare Reform, Work-Related Child Care, And Tax Policy: The "Family Values" Double Standard, Mary L. Heen
Welfare Reform, Work-Related Child Care, And Tax Policy: The "Family Values" Double Standard, Mary L. Heen
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
The welfare reform legislation signed into law last year repeals the entitlement to welfare and imposes strict time limits on the receipt of benefits. Although federal work requirements have been in effect for nearly thirty years, the new law requires the states to meet more stringent work participation levels and makes the work requirements applicable to mothers with younger children.The shift in the welfare paradigm toward mandatory wage work for mothers with young children has not been accompanied, however, by a corresponding policy shift toward universal or affordable child care.
The Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Act Of 1996: Poison Pills For Legal Immigrants, Meredith Barton, Deborah M. Chandler
The Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Act Of 1996: Poison Pills For Legal Immigrants, Meredith Barton, Deborah M. Chandler
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
Former president Ronald Reagan's vision of America as this shining city ended Thursday, August 23, 1996, when President Bill Clinton signed his name to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, considered the most farreaching welfare reform package in history. Although the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the federal government will save over $57 billion between fiscal year 1997 and fiscal year 2002, this welfare reform package profoundly impacts immigrants, particularly legal immigrants. Overall 44% of federal savings (approximately $23.8 billion) stems from denying public assistance benefits to legal immigrants. This new welfare legislation directly …
The Earned Income Tax Credit And Welfare Reform, James Williams
The Earned Income Tax Credit And Welfare Reform, James Williams
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
The focus of this paper is the EITC and its important role in welfare reform. The current welfare system has been criticized on the grounds that it does not promote and encourage work. Critics also claim that welfare welfare is ineffective in reducing poverty, especially among children. The EITC addresses several of these complaints. First, the EITC "[i]s strongly pro-work. Only working families qualify for it. In addition, unlike welfare benefits, EITC payments rise rather than fall with earnings across that critical low-income range where we want to encourage work effort." Proponents of the EITC, such as Senator Bill Bradley …
Reinventing Human Services In America, David Stoesz
Reinventing Human Services In America, David Stoesz
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
Passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) of 1996 presents an opportunity to reinvent human services in America. For more than a decade, the welfare bureaucracy and public assistance programs of state welfare have been in crisis. The clients who depend on welfare detest it, finding and keeping qualified professionals to work in the public social services has become an administrative headache, and taxpayers perceive welfare as a fiscal black hole that perpetuates immorality. The recent decision to "devolve" welfare in a block grant to states underscores the urgency to rethink public assistance to poor families. There …
Rethinking Welfare In The Age Of Devolution, David Tuerck Ph.D., William F. O'Brien Jr., Ph.D.
Rethinking Welfare In The Age Of Devolution, David Tuerck Ph.D., William F. O'Brien Jr., Ph.D.
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
In August 1996, President Clinton signed the "Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), landmark welfare-reform legislation that curtails benefits and shifts the responsibility for distributing welfare benefits from the federal government to the states. The new law reflects the public's dissatisfaction with the federal administration of welfare entitlements and, indeed, with the very idea of welfare entitlements. PRWORA embodies the concept of devolution: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families and child care block grants replace Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlements and a host of other aid programs. Under the law, "[e]xcept as expressly provided …
Virginia As A Model For Other State Welfare - Plans Virginia's Welfare Reform: Current Law And Effects, Laura Piper
Virginia As A Model For Other State Welfare - Plans Virginia's Welfare Reform: Current Law And Effects, Laura Piper
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
In 1995, Virginia became the first state to submit a comprehensive statewide welfare reform plan to the federal government.The crusade for a more effective Virginia welfare system was led by Governor George Allen.The federal government granted Virginia numerous waivers from federal regulations enabling Virginia to implement the Virginia Independence Plan ("VIP") and the Virginia Initiative for Employment not Welfare ("VIEW") component.According to the Virginia Department of Health and Human Resource's 1996 annual report, because of VIP and VIEW the number of welfare recipients decreased, employment rates increased and taxpayers saved 24 million dollars. On February 1, 1997, in response to …
Welfare Reform And Unitended Consequences: Its Impact On A Local Child Protection Program, Larry Nackerud, Nicole Deets, Curtis Kleem, Alicia Isaac
Welfare Reform And Unitended Consequences: Its Impact On A Local Child Protection Program, Larry Nackerud, Nicole Deets, Curtis Kleem, Alicia Isaac
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The Act represents a fundamental shift in the relationship between the federal government, the fifty states, and persons living in poverty. A shift of this magnitude cannot be analyzed properly without considering the significant impact of unintended consequences that may result from the new policy. Often, unintended consequences occur when two different policies, in this case, public welfare and child protective services, collide. One such possible unintended consequence of this policy shift may be to reduce the effectiveness of a successful child protection …
Charitable Choice: Will This Provision Of Welfare Reform Survive Constitutional Scrutiny?, Joel Weaver
Charitable Choice: Will This Provision Of Welfare Reform Survive Constitutional Scrutiny?, Joel Weaver
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
This article explores the controversy that may arise as states and local governments begin to forge business relationships with religious organizations. Specifically, this article analyzes the continuing attempt by the Supreme Court to define policy concerning these relationships. Section II begins with a discussion of Establishment Clause jurisprudence. This part traces the Supreme Court s movement from a policy of strict separation of church and state towards one based more on neutrality. Section III examines the impact of this standard on interpretation of the "charitable choice" provision. Section IV concludes by suggesting that state legislatures proceed cautiously when enacting laws …