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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Mesoscale Experimental Protocol For Oil Movement Under Sea Ice, Jessica Manning
Mesoscale Experimental Protocol For Oil Movement Under Sea Ice, Jessica Manning
Master's Theses and Capstones
Decreasing sea ice extent in the Arctic provides more opportunities for human activities (e.g., shipping, development) and increases the likelihood of Arctic oil spills. Sea ice adds complexity into oil spill models because it has significant impacts on oil fate and behavior. Understanding these complexities will improve Arctic oil spill responses and mitigate impacts. As part of a recent project on Arctic response conducted by the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC), sea ice and oil spill modelers concluded that further research is needed to model the behavior of oil under ice. The underside of sea ice is affected by waves, …
Compound, Elemental, And Isotopic Perspectives On Mercury Mobilization During Thaw In A Discontinuous Permafrost Zone, Maria F. Fahnestock
Compound, Elemental, And Isotopic Perspectives On Mercury Mobilization During Thaw In A Discontinuous Permafrost Zone, Maria F. Fahnestock
Doctoral Dissertations
Arctic ecosystems are a major global sink for both carbon (C) and mercury (Hg), both of which are influenced by anthropogenic activities. The accelerated climate-change-induced warming documented in the Arctic has led to permafrost thaw resulting in landscape evolution from hydrological, vegetation and microbial shifts. All of these resulting changes have the potential to influence how Hg, a toxic contaminant, is mobilized and re-cycled in this ecosystem. In this body of work, I investigate patterns of Hg speciation, elemental abundances, and stable isotopes across the thaw gradient in a permafrost peatland and interconnected freshwater lakes in Abisko, Sweden to assess …
Seasonal Feeding And Movement Responses Of Resident Sculpin In The Canadian Arctic, Nathan Thomas Hermann
Seasonal Feeding And Movement Responses Of Resident Sculpin In The Canadian Arctic, Nathan Thomas Hermann
Master's Theses and Capstones
Environments change across space and time, requiring organisms to adapt behaviorally and/or physiologically. In the Arctic, where productivity varies greatly among seasons, many marine species exploit a resource pulse associated with annual ice melt. Melting sea-ice releases zooplankton on and within the ice into open water causing many consumers to migrate with the receding ice; however, resident species may too rely on the ephemeral prey source. Fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) are residents of Tremblay Sound, Nunavut Canada which is known as a seasonally productive system in the Arctic. I characterized the seasonal behavior of sculpin …
Oil Spill Modeling For Improved Response To Arctic Maritime Spills: The Path Forward, Megan Patricia Verfaillie
Oil Spill Modeling For Improved Response To Arctic Maritime Spills: The Path Forward, Megan Patricia Verfaillie
Master's Theses and Capstones
Maritime shipping and natural resource development in the Arctic are projected to increase as sea ice coverage decreases, resulting in a greater probability of more and larger oil spills. The increasing risk of Arctic spills emphasizes the need to identify the state-of-the-art oil trajectory and sea ice models and the potential for their integration. The Oil Spill Modeling for Improved Response to Arctic Maritime Spills: The Path Forward (AMSM) project, funded by the Arctic Domain Awareness Center (ADAC), provides a structured approach to gather expert advice to address U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) core needs for decision-making. …
Movements And Feeding Of Arctic Char (Salvelinus Alpinus) Relative To Summer Ice-Off In An Arctic Embayment, Lars J. Hammer
Movements And Feeding Of Arctic Char (Salvelinus Alpinus) Relative To Summer Ice-Off In An Arctic Embayment, Lars J. Hammer
Master's Theses and Capstones
Seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions drive ecosystem processes across the globe, particularly at the earth’s poles. Seasonality in Arctic marine systems is exemplified by an annual summer ice-off that promotes primary productivity blooms and provides nutrients for upper trophic level consumers who often migrate to these productive areas. Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are an economically and culturally important salmonid that migrate from freshwater spawning locations into the marine environment, presumably to feed. In this thesis, I describe two studies investigating the movement and feeding of Arctic char within Tremblay Sound, Nunavut, Canada, a newly designated National Marine Conservation Area (Tallurutiup …
Workshop Outcomes Report: 1st International Workshop On Seismic Resilience Of Arctic Infrastructure And Social Systems, Majid Ghayoomi, Katharine Duderstadt, Alexander Kholodov, Alexander Shiklomanov, Matthew Turner, Elham Ajorlou
Workshop Outcomes Report: 1st International Workshop On Seismic Resilience Of Arctic Infrastructure And Social Systems, Majid Ghayoomi, Katharine Duderstadt, Alexander Kholodov, Alexander Shiklomanov, Matthew Turner, Elham Ajorlou
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Two Kinds Of Polar Knowledge, Lawrence C. Hamilton
Two Kinds Of Polar Knowledge, Lawrence C. Hamilton
Faculty Publications
Outreach and communication with the public have substantial value in polar research, in which studies often find changes of global importance that are happening far out of sight from the majority of people living at lower latitudes. Seeking evidence on the effectiveness of outreach programs, the U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored large-scale survey assessments before and after the International Polar Year in 2007/2008. Polar-knowledge questions have subsequently been tested and refined through other nationwide and regional surveys. More than a decade of such work has established that basic but fairly specific knowledge questions, with all answer choices sounding plausible but …
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In Fluvial Systems Across Biomes, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In Fluvial Systems Across Biomes, Bianca Rodriguez-Cardona
Doctoral Dissertations
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles are tightly coupled in ecosystems as many N transformations rely on carbon as the energy source. In aquatic ecosystems this coupling between C and N has been studied via assessment of dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic-N concentration or whole stream manipulations of C and/or N to determine the influence of C on N processing. However, the majority of these studies have been performed in temperate systems and whether these relationships hold across other biomes, like artic and tropics, is unclear. In addition, how the more N-rich organic matter or dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) …
Science Diplomacy In The Atlantic Arctic: Assessing Potential Expansion Of The Distributed Biological Observatory (Dbo) To The Baffin Bay-Davis Strait Area, Claire Eaton
Master's Theses and Capstones
The scale and rate of climate change in the Arctic has increased the sense of urgency surrounding development of systems-level observing programs that aim to capture and analyze time series data related to environmental change. While the international scientific community has made great strides in program design and technological innovation, gaps in coverage remain between observing systems, presenting a complex interdisciplinary problem, or “grand challenge.” Research that aims to address global scale challenges, such as those faced in a rapidly changing Arctic, are often associated with extremely high operational costs and typically extend beyond the scope and capabilities of any …
Assessing The Impact Of Submerged Vegetation On Methane Dynamics In A Discontinuous Permafrost Lake System, Abisko, Sweden, Christopher Daniel Horruitiner
Assessing The Impact Of Submerged Vegetation On Methane Dynamics In A Discontinuous Permafrost Lake System, Abisko, Sweden, Christopher Daniel Horruitiner
Master's Theses and Capstones
Across the Arctic, postglacial lakes contribute a substantial amount of the total atmospheric methane (CH4), and their emissions are predicted to increase. However, there is still much uncertainty as to the contribution of northern water bodies to atmospheric CH4 emissions. This is mainly due to the spatiotemporal variability of the predominant pathway of emission from high latitude lakes: ebullition (bubbling). There are a myriad of factors that affect ebullition fluxes, including solar radiation input and atmospheric pressure, which make it difficult to model the impact on regional emissions. Very few studies have correlated sediment characteristics and submerged vegetation density with …
Assessing The Impact Of Submerged Vegetation On Methane Dynamics In A Discontinuous Permafrost Lake System, Abisko, Sweden, Christopher Daniel Horruitiner
Assessing The Impact Of Submerged Vegetation On Methane Dynamics In A Discontinuous Permafrost Lake System, Abisko, Sweden, Christopher Daniel Horruitiner
Master's Theses and Capstones
Across the Arctic, postglacial lakes contribute a substantial amount of the total atmospheric methane (CH4), and their emissions are predicted to increase. However, there is still much uncertainty as to the contribution of northern water bodies to atmospheric CH4 emissions. This is mainly due to the spatiotemporal variability of the predominant pathway of emission from high latitude lakes: ebullition (bubbling). There are a myriad of factors that affect ebullition fluxes, including solar radiation input and atmospheric pressure, which make it difficult to model the impact on regional emissions. Very few studies have correlated sediment characteristics and submerged vegetation density with …
Sediment Characteristics And Methane Ebullition In Three Subarctic Lakes, Martin Wik, Joel E. Johnson, Patrick M. Crill, Joel P. Destasio, Lance Erickson, Madison J. Halloran, Maria Florencia Fahnestock, Maurice K. Crawford, Stephen C. Phillips, Ruth K. Varner
Sediment Characteristics And Methane Ebullition In Three Subarctic Lakes, Martin Wik, Joel E. Johnson, Patrick M. Crill, Joel P. Destasio, Lance Erickson, Madison J. Halloran, Maria Florencia Fahnestock, Maurice K. Crawford, Stephen C. Phillips, Ruth K. Varner
Faculty Publications
Ebullition (bubbling) from climate‐sensitive northern lakes remains an unconstrained source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Although the focus of many recent studies, ebullition is rarely linked to the physical characteristics of lakes. In this study we analyze the sediments of subarctic postglacial lakes and investigate how sediment properties relate to the large spatial variation in CH4 bubble flux, quantified over multiple years using bubble traps. The results show that the sediments from our lakes are rich in total organic carbon, containing 37 kg/m3 on average. This number is roughly 40% higher than the average for yedoma deposits, which have been identified …
Preparing For A Northwest Passage: A Workshop On The Role Of New England In Navigating The New Arctic, Katharine A. Duderstadt, Catherine M. Ashcraft, Jennifer F. Brewer, Elizabeth Burakowski, Jaed M. Coffin, Jack E. Dibb, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Nancy E. Kinner, Larry A. Mayer, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Joseph Salisbury, Kerri D. Seger, Ruth K. Varner, Cameron P. Wake
Preparing For A Northwest Passage: A Workshop On The Role Of New England In Navigating The New Arctic, Katharine A. Duderstadt, Catherine M. Ashcraft, Jennifer F. Brewer, Elizabeth Burakowski, Jaed M. Coffin, Jack E. Dibb, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Nancy E. Kinner, Larry A. Mayer, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Joseph Salisbury, Kerri D. Seger, Ruth K. Varner, Cameron P. Wake
Earth Systems Research Center
Preparing for a Northwest Passage: A Workshop on the Role of New England in Navigating the New Arctic (March 25 - 27, 2018 -- The University of New Hampshire) paired two of NSF's 10 Big Ideas: Navigating the New Arctic and Growing Convergence Research at NSF. During this event, participants assessed economic, environmental, and social impacts of Arctic change on New England and established convergence research initiatives to prepare for, adapt to, and respond to these effects. Shipping routes through an ice-free Northwest Passage in combination with modifications to ocean circulation and regional climate patterns linked to Arctic ice melt …
400 Predictions: The Search Sea Ice Outlook 2008–2015, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Julienne Stroeve
400 Predictions: The Search Sea Ice Outlook 2008–2015, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Julienne Stroeve
Sociology
Each Arctic summer since 2008, the Sea Ice Outlook (SIO) has invited researchers and the engaged public to contribute predictions regarding the September extent of Arctic sea ice. The public character of SIO, focused on a number whose true value soon becomes known, brings elements of constructive gamification and transparency to the science process. We analyze the performance of more than 400 predictions from SIO’s first eight years, testing for differences in ensemble skill across years, months and five types of method: heuristic, statistical, mixed, and ice-ocean or ice-ocean-atmosphere modeling. Results highlight a pattern of easy and difficult years, corresponding …
Climigration? Population And Climate Change In Arctic Alaska, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Kei Saito, Philip A. Loring, Richard B. Lammers, Henry P. Huntington
Climigration? Population And Climate Change In Arctic Alaska, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Kei Saito, Philip A. Loring, Richard B. Lammers, Henry P. Huntington
Sociology
Residents of towns and villages in Arctic Alaska live on “the front line of climate change.” Some communities face immediate threats from erosion and flooding associated with thawing permafrost, increasing river flows, and reduced sea ice protection of shorelines. The term climigration, referring to migration caused by climate change, originally was coined for these places. Although initial applications emphasized the need for government relocation policies, it has elsewhere been applied more broadly to encompass unplanned migration as well. Some historical movements have been attributed to climate change, but closer study tends to find multiple causes, making it difficult to quantify …
Role Of Tectonic Stress In Seepage Evolution Along The Gas Hydrate‐Charged Vestnesa Ridge, Fram Strait, Andreia Plaza Faverola, Stefan Bunz, Joel E. Johnson, Shyam Chand, Jochen Knies, Jurgen Mienert, Peter Franek
Role Of Tectonic Stress In Seepage Evolution Along The Gas Hydrate‐Charged Vestnesa Ridge, Fram Strait, Andreia Plaza Faverola, Stefan Bunz, Joel E. Johnson, Shyam Chand, Jochen Knies, Jurgen Mienert, Peter Franek
Faculty Publications
Methane expulsion from the world ocean floor is a broadly observed phenomenon known to be episodic. Yet the processes that modulate seepage remain elusive. In the Arctic offshore west Svalbard, for instance, seepage at 200–400 m water depth may be explained by ocean temperature‐controlled gas hydrate instabilities at the shelf break, but additional processes are required to explain seepage in permanently cold waters at depths >1000 m. We discuss the influence of tectonic stress on seepage evolution along the ~100 km long hydrate‐bearing Vestnesa Ridge in Fram Strait. High‐resolution P‐Cable 3‐D seismic data revealed fine‐scale (>10 m width) near‐vertical …
Toward Understanding The Human Dimensions Of The Rapidly Changing Arctic System: Insights And Approaches From Five Harc Projects, Henry P. Huntington, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Craig Nicolson, Ronald Brunner, Amanda Lynch, Astrid E. J. Oglivie, Alexey Voinov
Toward Understanding The Human Dimensions Of The Rapidly Changing Arctic System: Insights And Approaches From Five Harc Projects, Henry P. Huntington, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Craig Nicolson, Ronald Brunner, Amanda Lynch, Astrid E. J. Oglivie, Alexey Voinov
Sociology
Human dimensions research focuses on the interrelationships between humans and the environment. To date, human dimensions research in arctic regions has concentrated primarily on local events and contexts. As such, it complements analysis elsewhere of adaptation and sustainable development within broad institutional, social, and environmental contexts. This paper reviews five projects from the Human Dimensions of the Arctic System (HARC) initiative, established by the US National Science Foundation in 1997. Common themes and findings are highlighted: climatic variations or change affect societies through interactions with human activities; population dynamics provide key quantitative indicators of social impacts and well being; and …
The Large‐Scale Freshwater Cycle Of The Arctic, Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, Andrew G. Slater, Rebecca A. Woodgate, Knut Aagaard, Richard B. Lammers, Michael Steele, Richard Moritz, Michael Meredith, Craig M. Lee
The Large‐Scale Freshwater Cycle Of The Arctic, Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, Andrew G. Slater, Rebecca A. Woodgate, Knut Aagaard, Richard B. Lammers, Michael Steele, Richard Moritz, Michael Meredith, Craig M. Lee
Faculty Publications
This paper synthesizes our understanding of the Arctic's large‐scale freshwater cycle. It combines terrestrial and oceanic observations with insights gained from the ERA‐40 reanalysis and land surface and ice‐ocean models. Annual mean freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean is dominated by river discharge (38%), inflow through Bering Strait (30%), and net precipitation (24%). Total freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic is dominated by transports through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (35%) and via Fram Strait as liquid (26%) and sea ice (25%). All terms are computed relative to a reference salinity of 34.8. Compared to earlier estimates, …