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Alternative Certification In New Hampshire: Perceptions Of Teachers And Principals, James Richard Jelmberg

Doctoral Dissertations

This study addresses the need for more research to help resolve the issues of the nationwide debate between advocates of state sponsored alternative certification programs, and advocates of collegiate sponsored, teacher education programs. The State of New Hampshire has both alternative certification and teacher education programs that are representative of those in other states.

A random sample of four hundred ninety-two teachers was selected. Two hundred ninety-five responded to the teachers' questionnaire, a 60% rate. Two hundred thirty of the respondents gave permission for their principals to rate their performance on a second questionnaire. One hundred sixty-one principals responded, a …

The Scattering Of Gas Phase Molecules Andvan Der Waals Clusters From Surfaces, John Norman Beauregard

Doctoral Dissertations

The interaction of gas phase species with surfaces plays an important role in a myriad of processes such as heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion and the etching of semiconductor surfaces in the microelectronics industry. Thus, the study of gas-surface interactions has become a field of intense research. In this dissertation, we present the results of a computational study of the scattering of gas phase molecules and van der Waals clusters from surfaces. We have used molecular dynamics calculations which allow for the examination of the microscopic details of gas-surface scattering.

In this work we study four distinct systems. In Chapter I the …

Genetic And Molecular Analyses Of Host Symbiotic Genes And An In Vitro Regeneration System For Cicer Arietinum L, Vijayashri Ganapathy Paruvangada

Doctoral Dissertations

Ineffectively nodulating plant mutants PM405B, PM638A, and PM796B were used in molecular/genetic analyses of root nodule formation in chickpea. To establish the mode of inheritance of the mutant nodule phenotype in chickpea mutant PM638A, reciprocal crosses were made between PM638A and wild-type ICC640. The F$\sb2$ segregation data fit a 3 mutants: 1 wild-type monohybrid phenotypic ratio, indicating that ineffective nodulation is due to a monogenic dominant, nuclear mutation, tentatively designated as "Rn$\sb7$". Segregation analysis of F$\sb3$ progeny confirmed this model.

Early (ENod2) and late (Lb) nodulin cDNAs were used as heterologous probes to identify and study the expression of corresponding …

Analysis Of Chromosomal Involvement In Yersinia Pestis Virulence Plasmid Expression, Teresa Sandelin Birrer

Doctoral Dissertations

Virulence plasmid expression in the Yersinia has been shown to vary depending upon which species harbors the virulence plasmid suggesting that chromosomal regulation may in some way be involved. In this study, fertility plasmid expression in Y. pestis was investigated as a means of evaluating mechanisms of virulence plasmid regulation in this bacterium. The F plasmid was found to be minimally expressed in Y. pestis transferring at a rate of 8.8 $\times$ 10$\sp{-5\%}.$ In addition, Y. pestis failed to express F pili as determined by infection with the male specific phage MS2. When F plasmids containing at least 2 E. …

Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors Based On Polymer Swelling And Shrinking, Ming Qi Bai

Doctoral Dissertations

Fiber optic chemical sensors based on the polymer bead swelling and shrinking have been evaluated and improved. The sensing element is a crosslinked polymer bead which swells or shrinks as a function of analyte. The change in bead size is coupled to the movement of a small mirror in front of two optical fibers. One fiber conducts light from a LED source to the mirror, the other fiber collects reflected light and carries it to a photomultiplier tube which serves as the detector. Changes in mirror position change the amount of light reflected into the collection fiber.

The variation in …

Regulation Of The Yeast Transcriptional Activator Adr1, W James Cook

Doctoral Dissertations

Glucose repression of the ADH2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the abundance and activity of the transcriptional activator ADR1. The focus of this dissertation is to characterize the mechanisms by which glucose controls the ability of ADR1 to activate ADH2 transcription.

Glucose results in a two-fold decrease in the steady state levels of ADR1 mRNA. This glucose-dependent reduction in steady state ADR1 mRNA was shown to be due to an increased rate of ADR1 mRNA degradation. The unusually long, 510 nucleotide 5$\sp\prime$ untranslated region of the ADR1 mRNA appeared to mediate this glucose-dependent ADR1 mRNA decay.

To better …

Light Detection System In Higher Plant Chloroplasts: Pigment Mediated Or Overall Photon Flux Density Related, Soumitra Ghoshroy

Doctoral Dissertations

Plants adapt to short term changes in irradiance and quality of the light environment by modulating the structure of the thylakoid membranes to make the best use of the available light energy. Shade-acclimated chloroplasts develop more thylakoid surface area as compared to those growing in full sunlight. Conversion of sun-type chloroplasts to shade-types and vice versa on the basis of total thylakoid membrane surface area can occur quickly. However, the response mechanism of chloroplasts to changes in light levels is yet to be understood. This short term light detection mechanism may be mediated by a pigment system other than photosynthetic …

Social Loafing, Social Facilitation And Self-Efficacy Theory: Judgments Of Control In A Group Psychokinesis Task, Mark Jordan Henn

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the effects of self-efficacy and group size on the judgments of control of individual subjects in a group situation. It was predicted that highly efficacious subjects would report more judged control, inefficacious subjects would report less judged control. Group size was predicted to affect judgments of control in a manner consistent with the social loafing and social facilitation literature, such that individually unidentifiable subjects should "loaf" and report less control. Individually identifiable subjects should find their prior efficacy beliefs facilitated, such that high believers feel increasing control with increasing group size and low believers feel decreasing control …

Strawberry Malformation And The Tarnished Plant Bug, David Thomas Handley

Doctoral Dissertations

Experiments were designed to study the malformation of strawberries, Fragaria x ananassa (Duchesne) caused by the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). In greenhouse experiments, duration of blossom exposure to tarnished plant bug affected the type of malformation observed. Exposure at anthesis for 48 hours was most likely to cause apical seediness, the malformation associated with tarnished plant bug. The number of nonviable achenes per fruit increased with longer feeding durations. Malformation was also affected by blossom stage. Prebloom feeding caused blossom death. Feeding at petal fall or achene separation resulted in malformations, including apical seediness. Feeding at …

Equilibrium Electrophoresis: Results From The Second Prototype, David Barton Hayes

Doctoral Dissertations

Equilibrium electrophoresis is a new method that determines the apparent charge on macroions. The theory of equilibrium electrophoresis is summarized. The second generation device is described. Apparent charges, at various ionic strengths, measured by equilibrium electrophoresis are reported for pd(A)$\sb{20},$ pd(T)$\sb{20},$ pd(A)$\sb{20}$ $\cdot$ pd(T)$\sb{20},$ cytochrome c from horse heart, TA lysozyme mutant, TA(119/135) charge mutated lysozyme, and EDTA. The apparent charge of plasmid pBR322 from electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation velocity is reported. The results are compared to those expected according to the Record-Manning counterion condensation theory and the Debye-Huckel shielding theory. The apparent charges of the two ss DNA samples …

A Computer Model Of The Role Of Text Integration In The Solution Of Arithmetic Word Problems, Mark David Leblanc

Doctoral Dissertations

Understanding arithmetic word problems involves a complex interaction of text comprehension and mathematical processes. This work presents a computer model of the hypothesized processes that are required of a young student solving arithmetic word problems, including the processes of sentence-level leading and text integration. Unlike previous computer simulations of word problem solving, which neglect the early stages of text processing, this model forces a detailed consideration of the linguistic process, which is being increasingly recognized as a primary source of difficulty. Three experiments were conducted to isolate critical test comprehension processes. Children's probability of solution was analyzed in regression analyses …

Hydrodynamic Studies Of The Flow Of Fine Particles Through A Fluidized Dense Bed Of Coarse Solids, Jaideep Talukdar

Doctoral Dissertations

This study explains the hydrodynamics of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system, the Battelle Multi-Solids Fluidized Bed System (MSFB). It consists of a circulating fluidized bed of fine particles superimposed on a bubbling bed of coarse solids.

One way to characterize such a system is to describe the mechanism of gas-solid flow through the bed. The gas flow in systems like these is through bubbles or slugs (regions of voids containing little or no solids). Bubbles are typically characterized by their size (length or diameter), their rise velocity, and their frequency.

Another task of the initial phase of this study …

Characterization Of Biglycan And Decorin Self-Association By Analytical Ultracentrifugation, Jun Liu

Doctoral Dissertations

Biglycan and decorin are small, leucine-rich proteoglycans that bind to a variety of extracellular and membrane associated molecules, regulating their biological functions. Although self-association occurs in many proteoglycans, and is thought to be important for their biological roles, little is known about the thermodynamic properties of biglycan and decorin in terms of molecular weights, stoichiometry and association constants. We have used sedimentation analysis to examine the structures and self-association of bovine articular cartilage biglycan, its core protein and GAG chains in a variety of buffers. The monomer molecular weights were 86,600 Da for intact biglycan, 44,100 Da for the core …

Rapid Hydropyrolysis Of Coals For Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbons, Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Doctoral Dissertations

Production of fuels and chemicals from coal is becoming attractive due to potential high cost and uncertain supply of crude petroleum oil. Conventional techniques of coal liquefaction, though technically feasible, have been expensive due to hydrogen requirements, high pressure equipment, and high cost of commercial supported catalysts.

In this study, a novel technique for rapid hydropyrolysis of bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals has been investigated. Rapid hydropyrolysis is the process of heating at a fast rate to high temperature in a hydrogen environment. A coal sample in hydrogen atmosphere is targeted, in the absence of a catalyst, with a high …

Automatic Tool Path Generation For Numerically Controlled Machining Of Sculptured Surfaces, Xiaoxia Li

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents four new tool path generation approaches for numerically controlled machining of sculptured surfaces: TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX, FINISH, FIVEX$\sb-$INDEX, FIX$\sb-$AXIS$\sb-$INDEX. All of the above systems index the tool across the object surface in the Cartesian space so that evenly distributed tool paths are accomplished.

TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX is a three-axis tool path generation system which uses a surface triangle set (STS) representation of the surface for tool position calculations. Surface edges are detected with local searching algorithms. Quick tool positioning is achieved by selecting candidate elements of polygons. Test results show that TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX is more efficient when machining surfaces which are relatively …

A Multi-Scale Analysis Of The Population Ecology Of A Temperate Reef Fish, Phillip S. Levin

Doctoral Dissertations

Using field experiments and descriptive analyses this study investigated the significance of larval settlement and post-settlement processes to populations of cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus. At small spatial scales there was no relationship between the density of new recruits and the percent cover of kelp, foliose algae and branching algae. Crustaceans and mussels were preferred found items of juvenile cunner, and significantly greater numbers of isopods, amphipods and newly settled mussels were present in patches where fish were present than in randomly selected patches.

Experimental and correlative analyses demonstrated that variation in recruitment could not be explained by the presence of conspecifics. …

Effects Of Hematopoietic Neoplasia On Physiological Processes In The Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria (Linne), Mary-Susan Potts

Doctoral Dissertations

Mya arenaria (L.) is susceptible to the disease, hematopoietic neoplasia (Hn), in which atypical cells invade the blood and connective tissue of the clam's organs. In this study impacts of Hn on the reproductive and excretory systems were examined in clams collected from New Bedford Harbor and Little Buttermilk Bay, Buzzards Bay, MA.

The relationships between Hn seasonality and reproduction were evaluated from fresh blood samples and histological analysis of gonads. Both clam populations had biannual reproductive cycles with spawnings in the spring and fall. Hn prevalence exhibited some seasonality with maxima in the fall and late winter-early spring. Reproductive …

I Asymmetric Photochemistry Ii Exploratory And Mechanistic Studies On The Triplet Sensitized Vapor Phase Photochemistry Of Allenes Iii Developments In The Synthesis Of Strained Cyclic Cumulenes, William Calvin Shakespeare

Doctoral Dissertations

The development and implementation of a new chiral triplet sensitizer derived from 1,1$\sp\prime$-binaphthol is described. Irradiation of 1,3-diphenylallene (16) in the presence of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-dinaphtho(2,1-g:1$\sp\prime,2\sp\prime$-i) (1,6) dioxecine (10) resulted in 0.66% optical induction. Irradiation of 1,3-cyclooctadiene (17) in the presence of 10 resulted in 11.3% optical induction. The singlet state of 10 could be effectively quenched by higher diene concentration, substantially reducing the optical yield. Irradiation of trans-1,2-diphenyl-cyclopropane (1) in the presence of 10 resulted in very low optical yields.

The mechanism by which triplet excited state allenes react in the vapor phase is investigated through both theory and experiment. Benzene …

Internal Working Models Of Self And Others In Adolescents: A Social-Cognitive Perspective, Saul Rosenthal

Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, links between internal working models of attachment and self-concept are examined. Attachment and self-concept researchers discuss mental models of the self and the self in relationships as cognitive processors that affect attention to social information, as well as encoding, interpretation, and recall. Although some research supports the notions of attachment and self-concept constructs, no associations between the two have been previously examined. An argument is presented that concepts of the self and models of important relationships are interdependent. This argument is empirically tested with a sample of adolescent girls and their mothers, who completed a series of …

Thalamocortical Contributions To Olfactory Non-Matching To Sample And Discrimination In The Rat, Susan Margaret Koger

Doctoral Dissertations

Twenty-eight male rats were pretrained on a go/no-go, continuous olfactory non-matching to sample (CONMTS) task, and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: radiofrequency lesions of either the medial wall or rhinal sulcal cortical projection sites of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDn); lesions of the lateral internal medullary lamina site (L-IML) of thalamus; or sham surgical control.

All three lesioned groups exhibited a significant impairment on initial retraining of CONMTS. However, the two cortical groups rapidly improved, and did not differ from the control animals for the remainder of CONMTS training. Alternatively, the L-IML deficit persisted throughout retraining. The …

Hankel Operators On Hilbert Spaces, Pachara Wanpen

Doctoral Dissertations

In this paper we consider the Hankel operators from two points of view. On one hand the Hankel operator is induced by the coefficient sequence $a\sb0,a\sb1,a\sb2,\...$ and operates on a Hilbert space $H\sp2(\beta)$ with $\Sigma\sbsp{n=0}{\infty}\ \beta(n)\sp2 < \infty.$ In this situation we can find necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the Hankel operator to be bounded. However, with compactness and Hilbert-Schmidt we can get only sufficient conditions. On the other hand we look at the Hankel operator $H\sb{f,\alpha}$ and little Hankel operator $h\sb{f,\alpha},$ with symbol function f, that operates on a weighted Bergman space. In this case we can determine bounded, compact, Hilbert Schmidt, or trace class operators of the Hankel operator $H\sb{f}$ and $h\sb{f,\alpha}.$ We also give a good estimate of bounded norm of little Hankel operators with a particular symbol function $f = z\bar g$ where g is in the Bloch space.

Reaction Of Nickel With Soils And Goethite: Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies, Ahmed Ali Mehadi

Doctoral Dissertations

Reaction of nickel with soil B horizons under various ionic strengths, pH and temperature conditions was conducted using a batch kinetics method. The forward and reverse apparent rate constants were determined using computer simulation techniques. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the rate constants. Increase in soil pH and temperature increased the sorption of nickel, while increase in ionic strength decreased nickel sorption. The reactions were all spontaneous with negative standard free energies ($\Delta$G$\sp\circ$); soils having higher nickel sorption capacity were more negative. The free energy decreased with increase in pH. The enthalpy ($\Delta$H$\sp\circ$) and entropy ($\Delta$S$\sp\circ$) for the reactions were …

Insertion Sequence Elements In Yersinia: Nucleotide Sequence Of Is100 Of Yersinia Pestis, Stephen Dale Torosian

Doctoral Dissertations

The World Health Organization classified (Williams, 1983) Y. pestis as Y. pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis on the basis of DNA homology, yet the two organisms cause markedly different disease. Portnoy and Falkow (1981) reported IS100 to influence the virulence of Y. pestis. IS100 was shown to be found in Y. pestis but not Y. pseudotuberculosis.

IS100 from Y. pestis was sequenced and shown by sequence analysis to fulfill the requirements of being an IS element. pIS1C, an 821 bp fragment of IS100 was transferred to Y. pseudotuberculosis Trp-Ca-, resulting in the ability of the cells to ferment rhamnose and delayed production …

Family Systems, Object Relations, And Identity Formation In Late Adolescent College Women, Elizabeth Anne Jordan

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether characteristics of family system and object relations are associated with identity formation in late adolescent women. Identity status, features of family system function and structure, and two dimensions of object relations were assessed in a sample of 204 18- to 21-year-old college women. It was hypothesized that different combinations of family system functioning and object relations dimensions would be found for each of the four identity statuses. Univariate analyses and discriminant function analyses revealed that distinct patterns characterized the family system and object relations of the Diffusion and Foreclosure statuses. The …

Red Plush And Brass: Prostitution As A Mirror Of Self In The Fiction Of Ernest Hemingway, Claude Caswell

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the iconography and psychology of prostitution as a motif in the fiction of Ernest Hemingway. After identifying the prostitutional dynamics that form a recurring pattern throughout Hemingway's work and personal life, the discussion focuses primarily on exploring the implications of those dynamics in Hemingway's three major novels: The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929), and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).

What this study contends is that the literal and figurative presence of prostitution as a theme in Hemingway's narratives operates on two basic levels. On one level, the prostitution elements represent the pathology …

The Spatial Distribution Of Snow And Aerosol Chemistry In The Mountains Of Central Asia, Cameron Parker Wake

Doctoral Dissertations

Central Asia represents one of the largest voids with respect to our understanding of geochemical cycles in the continental troposphere and hydrosphere. Fortunately, the vast extent of glaciers in central Asia provide several high elevation ($>$5000 m) locations from which to recover glaciochemical records, and thereby furnish a unique window through which to study biogeochemical cycles in the mid- to upper-troposphere.

Snow and ice samples collected from nine glacier basins spread throughout the mountains of central Asia were analyzed for their major ion and particle content. Aerosol samples collected from four sites in central Asia were analyzed for their …

Accessibility Of Goal Information In A Mental Model, Jason E. Albrecht

Doctoral Dissertations

Most models of comprehension differ in the degree to which they suggest that readers attempt to maintain both local and global coherence. Several models suggest that readers are concerned primarily with maintaining local coherence and only attempt to establish global coherence when there is a local coherence break. In contrast, other models suggest that readers attempt to establish both local and global coherence even when there is no local coherence break. These different types of models make competing predictions about accessibility of goal information during comprehension. Local coherence strategies predict that readers should only have access to goal information when …

The Characterization Of The Orb Web Of Argiope Aurantia (Araneae: Araneidae) With Emphasis On The Major Ampullate Silk, Cathy Rose Tugmon

Doctoral Dissertations

The orb web of Argiope aurantia was partitioned into a water-soluble and insoluble fraction. The water-soluble fraction was composed of low molecular weight (LMW) molecules ($<$5 kDa) and middle molecular weight (MMW) molecules (14.3 kDa-29 kDa). Choline was one of the principal components of the LMW molecules. This study demonstrated that spiders, like many insects, are unable to synthesize choline from glucose. Attempts to sequence one of the purified MMW proteins were unsuccessful due to the blockage of the N-terminus.

The major emphasis of this research centered on the major ampullate silk of Argiope aurantia. Attempts were made to characterize this silk, both by direct amino acid sequencing and inference from the sequence of a cDNA library clone for one of the major ampullate silk proteins.

To isolate the progenitive silk from the lumen of the major ampullate gland, it was first necessary to inhibit the spider proteases which are known to cleave silk. …

Culturally Responsive Talk Between A Second-Grade Teacher And Hawaiian Children During Writing Workshop, John Timothy Rynkofs

Doctoral Dissertations

This study addresses issues of linguistic and cultural differences in the context of writing workshop in a second grade classroom in Hawaii. The major purpose of the study was to look at the ways a native born teacher responds orally to her students who share her own bidialectical background. Most of the students are part-Hawaiian and speak a nonprestigious dialect called Hawaii Creole English (HCE) as their primary language and standard English (SE) as their secondary language. Not only do these students speak a dialect particular to the Hawaiian Islands, but their classroom interactions can be strikingly different from those …

Studies Of Rotationally Inelastic Collisions In Argon + Hydrogen Fluoride, James J C Barrett

Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation we examine rotationally inelastic collisions involving an atom plus a diatom. We concentrate specifically on the Ar + HF system. In these investigations we employ a number of theoretical methods, including classical trajectories, quantum close-coupled calculations and semiclassical methods, to examine the differential cross sections in Ar + HF. We also investigate the effects of various "sudden" approximations on the scattering dynamics and the limitations of these approximations.

Through this work we were able to identify a new quantum feature in rotationally inelastic scattering. By studying the time evolution of transition amplitudes (rather than probabilities) we are …