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- Holocene; wetlands; peatlands; methane dynamics; carbon cycle; ecosystem succession (1)
Articles 1 - 10 of 10
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Beyond Peak Reservoir Storage? A Global Estimate Of Declining Water Storage Capacity In Large Reservoirs, Dominik Wisser, Steve Frolking, Stephen Hagen, Marc F. P. Bierkens
Beyond Peak Reservoir Storage? A Global Estimate Of Declining Water Storage Capacity In Large Reservoirs, Dominik Wisser, Steve Frolking, Stephen Hagen, Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Sciences
Water storage is an important way to cope with temporal variation in water supply and demand. The storage capacity and the lifetime of water storage reservoirs can be significantly reduced by the inflow of sediments. A global, spatially explicit assessment of reservoir storage loss in conjunction with vulnerability to storage loss has not been done. We estimated the loss in reservoir capacity for a global data set of large reservoirs from 1901 to 2010, using modeled sediment flux data. We use spatially explicit population data sets as a proxy for storage demand and calculate storage capacity for all river basins …
Nitrogen Cycling, Forest Canopy Reflectance, And Emergent Properties Of Ecosystems, Scott V. Ollinger, Peter B. Reich, Steve Frolking, Lucie Lepine, David Y. Hollinger, Andrew D. Richardson
Nitrogen Cycling, Forest Canopy Reflectance, And Emergent Properties Of Ecosystems, Scott V. Ollinger, Peter B. Reich, Steve Frolking, Lucie Lepine, David Y. Hollinger, Andrew D. Richardson
Earth Sciences
No abstract provided.
Snow Spectral Albedo At Summit, Greenland: Measurements And Numerical Simulations Based On Physical And Chemical Properties Of The Snowpack, Carlo Carmagnola, Florent Domine, Marie Dumont, Patrick Wright, B Strellis, M Bergin, Jack E. Dibb, G Picard, Q Libois, L Arnaud, S Morin
Snow Spectral Albedo At Summit, Greenland: Measurements And Numerical Simulations Based On Physical And Chemical Properties Of The Snowpack, Carlo Carmagnola, Florent Domine, Marie Dumont, Patrick Wright, B Strellis, M Bergin, Jack E. Dibb, G Picard, Q Libois, L Arnaud, S Morin
Earth Sciences
The broadband albedo of surface snow is determined both by the near-surface profile of the physical and chemical properties of the snowpack and by the spectral and angular characteristics of the incident solar radiation. Simultaneous measurements of the physical and chemical properties of snow were carried out at Summit Camp, Greenland (72°36´ N, 38°25´ W, 3210 m a.s.l.) in May and June 2011, along with spectral albedo measurements. One of the main objectives of the field campaign was to test our ability to predict snow spectral albedo by comparing the measured albedo to the albedo calculated with a radiative transfer …
The Preservation Of Atmospheric Nitrate In Snow At Summit, Greenland, Dorothy L. Fibiger, Meredith G. Hastings, Jack E. Dibb, L Gregory Huey
The Preservation Of Atmospheric Nitrate In Snow At Summit, Greenland, Dorothy L. Fibiger, Meredith G. Hastings, Jack E. Dibb, L Gregory Huey
Earth Sciences
There is great interest in using nitrate NO3 isotopic composition in ice cores to track the history of precursor nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the atmosphere. Nitrate NO3 however can be lost from the snow by surface processes, such as photolysis back to NOx upon exposure to sunlight, making it difficult to interpret records of NO3 as a tracer of atmospheric NOx loading. In a campaign consisting of two field seasons (May–June) at Summit, Greenland, high temporal frequency surface snow samples were collected and analyzed for the oxygen isotopic composition of NO3. The strong, linear relationship observed …
On The Export Of Reactive Nitrogen From Asia: NoX Partitioning And Effects On Ozone, T H. Bertram, Paul J. Wooldridge, Jack E. Dibb, Robert C. Cohen, A E. Perring
On The Export Of Reactive Nitrogen From Asia: NoX Partitioning And Effects On Ozone, T H. Bertram, Paul J. Wooldridge, Jack E. Dibb, Robert C. Cohen, A E. Perring
Earth Sciences
The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. Aircraft observations of NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), total alkyl and multi-functional nitrates (ΣANs) and nitric acid (HNO3, made between 25° and 55° N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow. ΣPNs account for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. Using simultaneous observations of NOx, ΣPNs, ΣANs, HNO3 and average …
Modelling The Effects Of Climate Change And Disturbance On Permafrost Stability In Northern Organic Soils, C C. Treat, Dominik Wisser, S Marchenko, Steve Frolking
Modelling The Effects Of Climate Change And Disturbance On Permafrost Stability In Northern Organic Soils, C C. Treat, Dominik Wisser, S Marchenko, Steve Frolking
Earth Sciences
Boreal and arctic regions are predicted to warm faster and more strongly than temperate latitudes. Peatlands in these regions contain large stocks of soil carbon in frozen soil and these may effect a strong positive feedback on climate change. We modelled the predicted effects of climate change and wildfire on permafrost in organic soils using a peatland-specific soil thermal model to simulate soil temperatures. We evaluated the model at a lowland black spruce site in Alaska and a sedge-dominated Canadian arctic fen. We estimated the response of soil temperatures and the active layer thickness (AcLTh) under several climate change scenarios. …
A Global Fingerprint Of Macro-Scale Changes In Urban Structure From 1999 To 2009, Steve Frolking, Tom Milliman, Karen C. Seto, Mark A. Friedl
A Global Fingerprint Of Macro-Scale Changes In Urban Structure From 1999 To 2009, Steve Frolking, Tom Milliman, Karen C. Seto, Mark A. Friedl
Earth Sciences
Urban population now exceeds rural population globally, and 60–80% of global energy consumption by households, businesses, transportation, and industry occurs in urban areas. There is growing evidence that built-up infrastructure contributes to carbon emissions inertia, and that investments in infrastructure today have delayed climate cost in the future. Although the United Nations statistics include data on urban population by country and select urban agglomerations, there are no empirical data on built-up infrastructure for a large sample of cities. Here we present the first study to examine changes in the structure of the world's largest cities from 1999 to 2009. Combining …
Sobol' Sensitivity Analysis Of The Holocene Peat Model: What Drives Carbon Accumulation In Peatlands?, Anne Quillet, Michelle Garneau, Steve Frolking
Sobol' Sensitivity Analysis Of The Holocene Peat Model: What Drives Carbon Accumulation In Peatlands?, Anne Quillet, Michelle Garneau, Steve Frolking
Earth Sciences
Understanding the development of northern peatlands and their carbon accumulation dynamics is crucial in order to confidently integrate northern peatlands into global carbon cycle models. To achieve this, northern peatland models are becoming increasingly complex and now include feedback processes between peat depth, decomposition, hydrology, and vegetation composition and productivity. Here we present results from a global sensitivity analysis performed to assess the behavior and parameter interaction of a peatland simulation model. A series of simulations of the Holocene Peat Model were performed with different parameter combinations in order to assess the role of parameter interactions on the simulated total …
Evidence For Elevated Emissions From High-Latitude Wetlands Contributing To High Atmospheric Ch4 Concentration In The Early Holocene, Zicheng Yu, Julie Loisel, Merritt R. Turetsky, Shanshan Cai, Yan Zhao, Steve Frolking, Glenn M. Macdonald, Jill L. Bubier
Evidence For Elevated Emissions From High-Latitude Wetlands Contributing To High Atmospheric Ch4 Concentration In The Early Holocene, Zicheng Yu, Julie Loisel, Merritt R. Turetsky, Shanshan Cai, Yan Zhao, Steve Frolking, Glenn M. Macdonald, Jill L. Bubier
Earth Sciences
The major increase in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentration during the last glacial-interglacial transition provides a useful example for understanding the interactions and feedbacks among Earth's climate, biosphere carbon cycling, and atmospheric chemistry. However, the causes of CH4 doubling during the last deglaciation are still uncertain and debated. Although the ice-core data consistently suggest a dominant contribution from northern high-latitude wetlands in the early Holocene, identifying the actual sources from the ground-based data has been elusive. Here we present data syntheses and a case study from Alaska to demonstrate the importance of northern wetlands in contributing to high …
Quantifying And Mapping China’S Crop Yield Gains From Sustainable And Unsustainable Irrigation Water Use 1981-2000, Danielle S. Grogan, Fan Zhang, Stanley Glidden, Dominik Wisser, Alexander Prusevich, Changsheng Li, Richard B. Lammers, Steve Frolking
Quantifying And Mapping China’S Crop Yield Gains From Sustainable And Unsustainable Irrigation Water Use 1981-2000, Danielle S. Grogan, Fan Zhang, Stanley Glidden, Dominik Wisser, Alexander Prusevich, Changsheng Li, Richard B. Lammers, Steve Frolking
Earth Sciences
No abstract provided.