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University of Nevada, Las Vegas

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2019

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Disaster Resilience As Communication Practice: Remembering And Forgetting Lessons From Past Disasters Through Practices That Prepare For The Next One, Rebecca M. Rice, Jody L. S. Jahn Dec 2019

Disaster Resilience As Communication Practice: Remembering And Forgetting Lessons From Past Disasters Through Practices That Prepare For The Next One, Rebecca M. Rice, Jody L. S. Jahn

Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Communities learn important lessons about their vulnerabilities from disasters. A crucial aspect of resilience is how communities apply past lessons to prepare for future events. We use a practice lens to examine how communities remember and forget lessons through everyday communication surrounding their preparedness activities. We analyze two cases of disaster preparedness in one community. The first site, a local Office of Emergency Management, adapted national policies to the community while also keeping local disaster lessons in mind (i.e. remembering lessons). The second site represented an intractable conflict between the U.S. Forest Service and a community group that inhibited the …

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First-Principles Study Of High-Pressure Phase Stability And Superconductivity Of Bi4i4, Shiyu Deng, Xianqi Song, Quan Li, Yu Xie, Changfeng Chen, Yanming Ma Dec 2019

First-Principles Study Of High-Pressure Phase Stability And Superconductivity Of Bi4i4, Shiyu Deng, Xianqi Song, Quan Li, Yu Xie, Changfeng Chen, Yanming Ma

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Bismuth iodide Bi4I4 exhibits intricate crystal structures and topological insulating states that are highly susceptible to influence by environments, making its physical properties highly tunable by external conditions. In this work, we study the evolution of structural and electronic properties of Bi4I4 at high pressure using an advanced structure search method in conjunction with first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that the most stable ambient-pressure monoclinic α−Bi4I4 phase in C2/m symmetry transforms to a trigonal P31c structure (ɛ−Bi4I4) at 8.4 GPa, then to a tetragonal P4/mmm structure (ζ−Bi4I4) above 16.6 GPa. In contrast to the semiconducting nature of ambient-pressure Bi4I4, the …

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Cognitively Normal Women With Alzheimer’S Disease Proteinopathy Show Relative Preservation Of Memory But Not Of Hippocampal Volume, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Sarah J. Banks, Sebastian Palmqvist, Oskar Hansson Dec 2019

Cognitively Normal Women With Alzheimer’S Disease Proteinopathy Show Relative Preservation Of Memory But Not Of Hippocampal Volume, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Sarah J. Banks, Sebastian Palmqvist, Oskar Hansson

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: We examined interactive effects of sex, diagnosis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta/phosphorylated tau ratio (Aβ/P-tau) on verbal memory and hippocampal volumes. Methods: We assessed 682 participants (350 women) from BioFINDER (250 cognitively normal [CN]; and 432 symptomatic: 186 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 246 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). General linear models evaluated effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) proteinopathy (CSF Aß/p-tau ratio), diagnosis, and sex on verbal memory (ADAS-cog 10-word recall), semantic fluency (animal naming fluency), visuospatial skills (cube copy), processing speed/attention functions (Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Part A), and hippocampal volumes. Results: Amyloid-positive (Aβ/P-tau+) CN women …

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Interpretable Deep Neural Network For Cancer Survival Analysis By Integrating Genomic And Clinical Data, Jie Hao, Youngsoon Kim, Tejaswini Mallavarapu, Jung Hun Oh, Mingon Kang Dec 2019

Interpretable Deep Neural Network For Cancer Survival Analysis By Integrating Genomic And Clinical Data, Jie Hao, Youngsoon Kim, Tejaswini Mallavarapu, Jung Hun Oh, Mingon Kang

Computer Science Faculty Research

Background: Understanding the complex biological mechanisms of cancer patient survival using genomic and clinical data is vital, not only to develop new treatments for patients, but also to improve survival prediction. However, highly nonlinear and high-dimension, low-sample size (HDLSS) data cause computational challenges to applying conventional survival analysis. Results: We propose a novel biologically interpretable pathway-based sparse deep neural network, named Cox-PASNet, which integrates high-dimensional gene expression data and clinical data on a simple neural network architecture for survival analysis. Cox-PASNet is biologically interpretable where nodes in the neural network correspond to biological genes and pathways, while capturing the nonlinear …

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Robust Cullin-Ring Ligase Function Is Established By A Multiplicity Of Poly-Ubiquitylation Pathways, Spencer Hill, Kurt Reichermeier, Daniel C. Scott, Lorena Samentar, Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington, Luisa Izzi, Xiaojing Tang, Rebeca Ibarra, Thierry Bertomeu, Annie Moridian, Michael J. Sweredoski, Nora Caberoy, Brenda A. Schulman, Frank Sicheri, Mike Tyers, Gary Kleiger Dec 2019

Robust Cullin-Ring Ligase Function Is Established By A Multiplicity Of Poly-Ubiquitylation Pathways, Spencer Hill, Kurt Reichermeier, Daniel C. Scott, Lorena Samentar, Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington, Luisa Izzi, Xiaojing Tang, Rebeca Ibarra, Thierry Bertomeu, Annie Moridian, Michael J. Sweredoski, Nora Caberoy, Brenda A. Schulman, Frank Sicheri, Mike Tyers, Gary Kleiger

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) form the major family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The prototypic CRLs in yeast, called SCF enzymes, employ a single E2 enzyme, Cdc34, to build poly-ubiquitin chains required for degradation. In contrast, six different human E2 and E3 enzyme activities, including Cdc34 orthologs UBE2R1 and UBE2R2, appear to mediate SCF-catalyzed substrate polyubiquitylation in vitro. The combinatorial interplay of these enzymes raises questions about genetic buffering of SCFs in human cells and challenges the dogma that E3s alone determine substrate specificity. To enable the quantitative comparisons of SCF-dependent ubiquitylation reactions with physiological enzyme concentrations, mass spectrometry was employed …

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An Analysis Of Energy Consumption And The Use Of Renewables For A Small Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Saria Bukhary, Jacimara Batista, Sajjad Ahmad Dec 2019

An Analysis Of Energy Consumption And The Use Of Renewables For A Small Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Saria Bukhary, Jacimara Batista, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

One of the pressing issues currently faced by the water industry is incorporating sustainability considerations into design practice and reducing the carbon emissions of energy-intensive processes. Water treatment, an indispensable step for safeguarding public health, is an energy-intensive process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the energy consumption of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), then conduct a modeling study for using photovoltaics (PVs) to offset that energy consumption, and thus reduce emissions. The selected plant, located in southwestern United States, treats 0.425 m3 of groundwater per second by utilizing the processes of coagulation, filtration, and disinfection. …

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Isolation Of Metrosideros (`Ohi`A) Taxa On O`Ahu Increases With Elevation And Extreme Environments, Elizabeth A. Stacy, Tomoko Sakishima, Heaven Tharp, Neil Snow Dec 2019

Isolation Of Metrosideros (`Ohi`A) Taxa On O`Ahu Increases With Elevation And Extreme Environments, Elizabeth A. Stacy, Tomoko Sakishima, Heaven Tharp, Neil Snow

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Species radiations should be facilitated by short generation times and limited dispersal among discontinuous populations. Hawaii’s hyper-diverse, landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros, is unique among the islands’ radiations for its massive populations that occur continuously over space and time within islands, its exceptional capacity for gene flow by both pollen and seed, and its extended life span (ca. >650 years). Metrosideros shows the greatest phenotypic and microsatellite DNA diversity on O`ahu, where taxa occur in tight sympatry or parapatry in mesic and montane wet forest on 2 volcanoes. We document the nonrandom distributions of 12 taxa (including unnamed morphotypes) along elevation gradients, …

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An Assessment Of Generation Z’S Preferences For Guest-Facing Hotel Technologies, Jennifer Jaimes, Mehmet Erdem, Chih Chien Chen, Bill Doyle Dec 2019

An Assessment Of Generation Z’S Preferences For Guest-Facing Hotel Technologies, Jennifer Jaimes, Mehmet Erdem, Chih Chien Chen, Bill Doyle

Hospitality Faculty Research

Generation Z, also commonly described as Digital Natives, is a notable emerging market for hoteliers. Given the ever-evolving nature of the consumers, existing marketing strategies may not always be effective for incoming generational cohorts. This exploratory study submits that examining Generation Z members’ perceptions on guest-facing hotel technologies could yield useful information for new marketing strategies. The findings establish that guest-facing technologies is an important consideration for the members of Generation Z when selecting a hotel accommodation and they are willing to pay more for a hotel property that offers them. However, the level of perceived importance of such technologies …

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Subglacial Meltwater Supported Aerobic Marine Habitats During Snowball Earth, Maxwell A. Lechte, Malcolm W. Wallace, Ashleig Van Smeerdijk Hooda, Weiqiang Li, Ganqing Jiang, Galen P. Halverson, Dan Asael, Stephanie L. Mccoll, Noah J. Planavsky Dec 2019

Subglacial Meltwater Supported Aerobic Marine Habitats During Snowball Earth, Maxwell A. Lechte, Malcolm W. Wallace, Ashleig Van Smeerdijk Hooda, Weiqiang Li, Ganqing Jiang, Galen P. Halverson, Dan Asael, Stephanie L. Mccoll, Noah J. Planavsky

Geoscience Faculty Research

The Earth’s most severe ice ages interrupted a crucial interval in eukaryotic evolution with widespread ice coverage during the Cryogenian Period (720 to 635 Ma). Aerobic eukaryotes must have survived the “Snowball Earth” glaciations, requiring the persistence of oxygenated marine habitats, yet evidence for these environments is lacking. We examine iron formations within globally distributed Cryogenian glacial successions to reconstruct the redox state of the synglacial oceans. Iron isotope ratios and cerium anomalies from a range of glaciomarine environments reveal pervasive anoxia in the ice-covered oceans but increasing oxidation with proximity to the ice shelf grounding line. We propose that …

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Safety Of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (Ercp) In Pregnancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Azab, Shishira Bharadwaj, Mahendran Jayaraj, Annie S. Hong, Pejman Solaimani, Mohamad Mubder, Hyeyoung Yeom, Ji Won Yoo, Michael L. Volk Dec 2019

Safety Of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (Ercp) In Pregnancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Azab, Shishira Bharadwaj, Mahendran Jayaraj, Annie S. Hong, Pejman Solaimani, Mohamad Mubder, Hyeyoung Yeom, Ji Won Yoo, Michael L. Volk

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technically challenging procedure rarely associated with severe postprocedure complications. Hormonal changes during pregnancy promote cholelithiasis, but there are limited clinical data available on the outcomes of ERCP in pregnant women. ERCP techniques without irradiation were recently introduced as potential alternative. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety of ERCP in pregnancy and to compare outcomes of radiation versus nonradiation ERCP. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Medline/Ovid, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through April 18th, 2018 using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines identified 27 studies reporting the …

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A Systematic Review Of Gambling-Related Findings From The National Epidemiologic Survey On Alcohol And Related Conditions, Jasmine M.Y. Loo, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza Dec 2019

A Systematic Review Of Gambling-Related Findings From The National Epidemiologic Survey On Alcohol And Related Conditions, Jasmine M.Y. Loo, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza

Psychology Faculty Research

Background and aims: This systematic review analyzes and summarizes gambling-related findings from the nationally representative US National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) data. Methods: Systematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 51 eligible studies that met inclusion criteria. Eight studies utilized both Waves 1 and 2 NESARC data, and selection of sample sizes varied from 185 to 43,093 individuals, consistent with specified research objectives of each study. Results: The prevalence of lifetime pathological gambling was 0.42% (0.64% among men, 0.23% among women), while past-year prevalence was 0.16%. Pathological gambling rates were generally higher in populations …

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Sex Differences In Cognitive Changes In De Novo Parkinson’S Disease, Ece Bayram, Sarah J. Banks, Guogen Shan, Nikki Kaplan, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell Dec 2019

Sex Differences In Cognitive Changes In De Novo Parkinson’S Disease, Ece Bayram, Sarah J. Banks, Guogen Shan, Nikki Kaplan, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the sex differences in cognitive course over 4 years in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to controls. Methods: Four-year longitudinal cognitive scores of 257 cognitively intact PD, 167 PD-MCI, and 140 controls from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative were included. Longitudinal scores of men and women, and PD with and without MCI were compared. Results: Women had better verbal memory, men had better visuospatial function. There was no interaction between sex, diagnostic group, and/or time (4-year follow-up period). Conclusions: Sex differences in cognitive course in de novo PD are similar …

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Bringing Statistical Learning Machines Together For Hydro-Climatological Predictions - Case Study For Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad, Kenneth W. Lamb, Venkat Lakshmi Dec 2019

Bringing Statistical Learning Machines Together For Hydro-Climatological Predictions - Case Study For Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, Sajjad Ahmad, Kenneth W. Lamb, Venkat Lakshmi

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Study region: Sacramento San Joaquin River Basin, California Study focus: The study forecasts the streamflow at a regional scale within SSJ river basin with largescale climate variables. The proposed approach eliminates the bias resulting from predefined indices at regional scale. The study was performed for eight unimpaired streamflow stations from 1962–2016. First, the Singular Valued Decomposition (SVD) teleconnections of the streamflow corresponding to 500 mbar geopotential height, sea surface temperature, 500 mbar specific humidity (SHUM500), and 500 mbar U-wind (U500) were obtained. Second, the skillful SVD teleconnections were screened non-parametrically. Finally, the screened teleconnections were used as the streamflow predictors …

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Research Methods For Education With Technology: Four Concerns, Examples, And Recommendations, Daniel B. Wright Dec 2019

Research Methods For Education With Technology: Four Concerns, Examples, And Recommendations, Daniel B. Wright

Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Higher Education Faculty Research

The success of education with technology research is in part because the field draws upon theories and methods from multiple disciplines. However, drawing upon multiple disciplines has drawbacks because sometimes the methodological expertise of each discipline is not applied when researchers conduct studies outside of their research training. The focus here is on research using methods drawn largely from psychology, for example, evaluating the impact of different systems on how students perform. The methodological concerns discussed are: low power; not using multilevel modeling; dichotomization; and inaccurate reporting of the numeric statistics. Examples are drawn from a recent set of proceedings. …

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Economic Prosperity Of Nevada Counties And Southwest Metros, Madison Frazee-Bench, William E. Brown, Caitlin Saladino Dec 2019

Economic Prosperity Of Nevada Counties And Southwest Metros, Madison Frazee-Bench, William E. Brown, Caitlin Saladino

Economic Development & Workforce

This Fact Sheet highlights the economic and social disparities of Nevada’s counties as well as the counties in the Southwest Metro Area. By using data from The Hamilton Project, the following tables illustrate disparities within each county in Nevada and in the Southwest Metros.

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Nanopatterned Silk Fibroin Films With High Transparency And High Haze For Optical Applications, Corey Malinowski, Fengjie He, Yihong Zhao, Ivan Chang, David W. Hatchett, Shengjie Zhai, Hui Zhao Dec 2019

Nanopatterned Silk Fibroin Films With High Transparency And High Haze For Optical Applications, Corey Malinowski, Fengjie He, Yihong Zhao, Ivan Chang, David W. Hatchett, Shengjie Zhai, Hui Zhao

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Simultaneous high transparency and high haze are necessary for high-efficiency optical, photonic, and optoelectronic applications. However, a typical highly transparent film lacks high optical haze or vice versa. Here, we report a silk fibroin-based optical film that exhibits both ultrahigh optical transparency... (See article for full abstract).

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Semitransparent Sb2s3 Thin Film Solar Cells By Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis For Use In Solar Windows, Jako S. Eensalu, Atanas Katerski, Erki Kärber, Lothar Weinhardt, Monika Blum, Clemens Heske, Wanli Yang, Ilona Oja Acik, Malle Krunks Dec 2019

Semitransparent Sb2s3 Thin Film Solar Cells By Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis For Use In Solar Windows, Jako S. Eensalu, Atanas Katerski, Erki Kärber, Lothar Weinhardt, Monika Blum, Clemens Heske, Wanli Yang, Ilona Oja Acik, Malle Krunks

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy in zero-energy buildings requires durable and efficient solar windows composed of lightweight and semitransparent thin film solar cells. Inorganic materials with a high optical absorption coefficient, such as Sb2S3 (>105 cm−1 at 450 nm), offer semitransparency, appreciable efficiency, and long-term durability at low cost. Oxide-free throughout the Sb2S3 layer thickness, as confirmed by combined studies of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, semitransparent Sb2S3 thin films can be rapidly grown in air by the area-scalable ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Integrated into a ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au solar cell, a power conversion …

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College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2019, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas Dec 2019

College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2019, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas

Fred and Harriet Cox Senior Design Competition Projects

Part of every UNLV engineering student’s academic experience, the senior design project stimulates engineering innovation and entrepreneurship. Each student in their senior year chooses, plans, designs, and prototypes a product in this required element of the curriculum. A capstone to the student’s educational career, the senior design project encourages the student to use everything learned in the engineering program to create a practical, real world solution to an engineering challenge. The senior design competition helps focus the senior students in increasing the quality and potential for commercial application for their design projects. Judges from local industry evaluate the projects on …

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Tunnel-Tube And Fourier Methods For Measuring Three-Dimensional Medium Reaction Force In Burrowing Animals, Alexis Moore Crisp, Clinton J. Barnes, David V. Lee Dec 2019

Tunnel-Tube And Fourier Methods For Measuring Three-Dimensional Medium Reaction Force In Burrowing Animals, Alexis Moore Crisp, Clinton J. Barnes, David V. Lee

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Subterranean digging behaviors provide opportunities for protection, access to prey, and predator avoidance for a diverse array of vertebrates, yet studies of the biomechanics of burrowing have been limited by the technical challenges of measuring kinetics and kinematics of animals moving within a medium. We describe a new system for measuring 3D reaction forces during burrowing, called a ‘tunnel-tube’, which is composed of two, separately instrumented plastic tubes: an ‘entry tube’ with no medium, in series with a ‘digging tube’ filled with medium. Mean reaction forces are measured for a digging bout and Fourier analysis is used to quantify the …

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Local‐Regional Similarity In Drylands Increases During Multiyear Wet And Dry Periods And In Response To Extreme Events, Matthew D. Petrie, D. P.C. Peters, N. D. Bruss, W. Ji, H. M. Savoy Dec 2019

Local‐Regional Similarity In Drylands Increases During Multiyear Wet And Dry Periods And In Response To Extreme Events, Matthew D. Petrie, D. P.C. Peters, N. D. Bruss, W. Ji, H. M. Savoy

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Climate change is predicted to impact ecosystems through altered precipitation (PPT) regimes. In the Chihuahuan Desert, multiyear wet and dry periods and extreme PPT pulses are the most influential climatic events for vegetation. Vegetation responses are most frequently studied locally, and regional responses are often unclear. We present an approach to quantify correlation of PPT and vegetation responses (as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI]) at the Jornada ARS‐LTER site (JRN; 550 km2 area) and the surrounding dryland region (from 0 to 500 km distance; 400,000 km2 study area) as a way to understand regional similarity to locally observed patterns. We …

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The Woman Who Turned Into A Jaguar, And Other Narratives Of Native Women In Archives Of Colonial Mexico, Miriam Melton-Villanueva Dec 2019

The Woman Who Turned Into A Jaguar, And Other Narratives Of Native Women In Archives Of Colonial Mexico, Miriam Melton-Villanueva

History Faculty Research

This is a book review of "The Woman Who Turned into a Jaguar, and Other Narratives of Native Women in Archives of Colonial Mexico" by Lisa Sousa.

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Should We Flip The Script?: A Literature Review Of Deficit-Based Perspectives On First-Year Undergraduate Students’ Information Literacy, Tatiana Pashkova-Balkenhol, Mark Lenker, Emily Cox, Elizabeth Kocevar-Weidinger Dec 2019

Should We Flip The Script?: A Literature Review Of Deficit-Based Perspectives On First-Year Undergraduate Students’ Information Literacy, Tatiana Pashkova-Balkenhol, Mark Lenker, Emily Cox, Elizabeth Kocevar-Weidinger

Library Faculty Publications

This mixed method systematic review considers recent literature on the information literacy (IL) skills of first-year undergraduate students. The review uncovers the following themes: faculty and librarians perceive first-year students as lacking IL skills; students have varying perceptions of their IL skills; assessment studies yield conflicting findings on first-year students' IL; communication between high school and college librarians is challenging; and some IL researchers emphasise and leverage first-year students' prior knowledge and experience in IL instruction. These themes emerge from extensive searches in four research databases for scholarly and professional articles written in English within the past ten years. With …

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Implementing Gang & Gun Violence Reduction Strategies In Las Vegas, Nevada: Hot Spots Evaluation Results, Nicholas Corsaro, Robin S. Engel, Tamara D. Herold, Murat Yildirim Dec 2019

Implementing Gang & Gun Violence Reduction Strategies In Las Vegas, Nevada: Hot Spots Evaluation Results, Nicholas Corsaro, Robin S. Engel, Tamara D. Herold, Murat Yildirim

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

The gang and gun violence reduction project implemented in Las Vegas consisted of three components: hot spots deployment, focused deterrence, and place network investigations. This report focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of the hot spots strategy.

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Reconciling Contemporary Approaches To School Attendance And School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion And Nimble Response, Global Policy Review And Implementation, And Future Adaptability (Part 2), Christopher Kearney, Carolina Gonzálvez, Patricia A. Graczyk, Mirae Fornander Nov 2019

Reconciling Contemporary Approaches To School Attendance And School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion And Nimble Response, Global Policy Review And Implementation, And Future Adaptability (Part 2), Christopher Kearney, Carolina Gonzálvez, Patricia A. Graczyk, Mirae Fornander

Psychology Faculty Research

As noted in Part 1 of this two-part review, school attendance is an important foundational competency for children and adolescents, and school absenteeism has been linked to myriad short- and long-term negative consequences, even into adulthood. Categorical and dimensional approaches for this population have been developed. This article (Part 2 of a two-part review) discusses compatibilities of categorical and dimensional approaches for school attendance and school absenteeism and how these approaches can inform one another. The article also poses a multidimensional multi-tiered system of supports pyramid model as a mechanism for reconciling these approaches, promoting school attendance (and/or prevention of …

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A Unified Binary Neutron Star Merger Magnetar Model For The Chandra X-Ray Transients Cdf-S Xt1 And Xt2, Hui Sun, Ye Li, Bin-Bin Zhang, Bing Zhang, Franz E. Bauer, Yongquan Xue, Weimin Yuan Nov 2019

A Unified Binary Neutron Star Merger Magnetar Model For The Chandra X-Ray Transients Cdf-S Xt1 And Xt2, Hui Sun, Ye Li, Bin-Bin Zhang, Bing Zhang, Franz E. Bauer, Yongquan Xue, Weimin Yuan

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Two bright X-ray transients were reported from the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) archival data, namely CDF-S XT1 and XT2. Whereas the nature of the former is not identified, the latter was suggested as an excellent candidate for a rapidly spinning magnetar born from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger. Here we propose a unified model to interpret both transients within the framework of the BNS merger magnetar model. According to our picture, CDF-S XT2 is observed from the "free zone" where the magnetar spindown powered X-ray emission escapes freely, whereas CDF-S XT1 originates from the "trapped zone" where the …

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Gaseous, Pm2.5 Mass, And Speciated Emission Factors From Laboratory Chamber Peat Combustion, John G. Watson, Junji Cao, Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Xiaoliang Wang, Steven Gronstal, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Adam C. Watts, Judith C. Chow Nov 2019

Gaseous, Pm2.5 Mass, And Speciated Emission Factors From Laboratory Chamber Peat Combustion, John G. Watson, Junji Cao, Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Xiaoliang Wang, Steven Gronstal, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Adam C. Watts, Judith C. Chow

Public Health Faculty Publications

Peat fuels representing four biomes of boreal (western Russia and Siberia), temperate (northern Alaska, USA), subtropical (northern and southern Florida, USA), and tropical (Borneo, Malaysia) regions were burned in a laboratory chamber to determine gas and particle emission factors (EFs). Tests with 25 % fuel moisture were conducted with predominant smoldering combustion conditions (average modified combustion efficiency (MCE) =0.82+/-0.08). Average fuel-based EFCO2 (carbon dioxide) are highest (1400 +/- 38 g kg(-1)) and lowest (1073 +/- 63 g kg(-1)) for the Alaskan and Russian peats, respectively. EFCO (carbon monoxide) and EFCH4 (methane) are similar to 12 %15 % and similar to …

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3d-Printing And Machine Learning Control Of Soft Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators, James D. Carrico, Tucker Hermans, Kwang J. Kim, Kam K. Leang Nov 2019

3d-Printing And Machine Learning Control Of Soft Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators, James D. Carrico, Tucker Hermans, Kwang J. Kim, Kam K. Leang

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

This paper presents a new manufacturing and control paradigm for developing soft ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators for soft robotics applications. First, an additive manufacturing method that exploits the fused-filament (3D printing) process is described to overcome challenges with existing methods of creating custom-shaped IPMC actuators. By working with ionomeric precursor material, the 3D-printing process enables the creation of 3D monolithic IPMC devices where ultimately integrated sensors and actuators can be achieved. Second, Bayesian optimization is used as a learning-based control approach to help mitigate complex time-varying dynamic effects in 3D-printed actuators. This approach overcomes the challenges with existing methods …

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Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease In The Achilles Tendon, Kai-Yu Ho, Jing Nong Liang Nov 2019

Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease In The Achilles Tendon, Kai-Yu Ho, Jing Nong Liang

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The classic sonographic presentation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposits in the Achilles tendon is reported.

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Trends And Disparities In Self-Reported And Measured Osteoporosis Among Us Adults, 2007-2014., Qing Wu, Yingke Xu, Ge Lin Nov 2019

Trends And Disparities In Self-Reported And Measured Osteoporosis Among Us Adults, 2007-2014., Qing Wu, Yingke Xu, Ge Lin

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

(1) Background: Studies examining osteoporosis trends among US adults by different socioeconomic status (SES) are limited. The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis in the US is rarely reported. (2) Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007–2008 and 2013–2014 cycles were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported and that of measured osteoporosis were calculated overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, and SES. (3) Results: The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis was higher than that of measured osteoporosis in all three survey cycles for women, and in 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 for men. Participants with high school/GED or higher …

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Chemostratigraphic Correlations Across The First Major Trilobite Extinction And Faunal Turnovers Between Laurentia And South China, Jih-Pai Lin, Frederick A. Sunberg, Ganqing Jiang, Isabel P. Montanez, Thomas Wotte Nov 2019

Chemostratigraphic Correlations Across The First Major Trilobite Extinction And Faunal Turnovers Between Laurentia And South China, Jih-Pai Lin, Frederick A. Sunberg, Ganqing Jiang, Isabel P. Montanez, Thomas Wotte

Geoscience Faculty Research

During Cambrian Stage 4 (~514 Ma) the oceans were widely populated with endemic trilobites and three major faunas can be distinguished: olenellids, redlichiids, and paradoxidids. The lower–middle Cambrian boundary in Laurentia was based on the first major trilobite extinction event that is known as the Olenellid Biomere boundary. However, international correlation across this boundary (the Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary) has been a challenge since the formal proposal of a four-series subdivision of the Cambrian System in 2005. Recently, the base of the international Cambrian Series 3 and of Stage 5 has been named as the base of the Miaolingian …

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