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Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae And Membracidae) From Madre De Dios Region, Peru, Chung-Ping Lin, Munetoshi Maruyama, Jo-Fan Wang, Paige E. Miller, Caroline S. Chaboo

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A list of treehoppers (Aetalionidae and Membracidae) is presented from Madre de Dios region at the southeastern Amazon basin in Peru. The treehopper specimens were collected as by-catch in a survey of the beetles in the Villa Carmen Biological Station and Los Amigos Biological Station. The list comprises 44 species, 31 genera, 16 tribes and 9 subfamilies. Ten genera are new records to Peru. The images of representative specimens of each identified species and genera are provided to facilitate the identification of the local treehopper fauna.

Resumen: Se presenta una lista de los membrácidos (Aetalionidae y Membracidae) de la región …

Transcriptional Responses Of Soybean Aphids To Sublethal Insecticide Exposure, Laramy S. Enders, Leslie C. Rault, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Blair Siegfried, Nicholas J. Miller

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Insecticides are a key tool in the management of many insect pests of agriculture, including soybean aphids. The selection imposed by insecticide use has often lead to the evolution of resistance by the target pest through enhanced detoxification mechanisms. We hypothesised that exposure of insecticide-susceptible aphids to sublethal doses of insecticides would result in the up-regulation of genes involved in detoxification of insecticides, revealing the genes upon which selection might act in the field. We used the soybean aphid biotype 1 reference genome, version 6.0 as a reference to analyze RNA-Seq data. We identified multiple genes with potential detoxification roles …

Survival And Development Of Striacosta Albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages On Dry Beans, Non-Bt, Cry1f, And Vip3a Maize, Débora G. Montezano, Thomas E. Hunt, Alexandre Specht, Priscila C. Luz, Julie A. Peterson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Striacosta albicosta is a crop pest that causes economic damage in the United States and Canada. Only maize and dry beans are shown to be suitable hosts, since larval development is incomplete on other hosts. The objective of this study was to describe the developmental parameters of immature stages of S. albicosta feeding on dry beans, non-Bt, Cry1F, and Vip3A maize. For Vip3A, mortality was 100% after 24 h. Larvae feeding on non-Bt maize had the highest larval survival (70.6%) compared to the other hosts. Maize expressing Cry1F had higher survival (31.3%) than dry beans (26.0%). Larvae feeding on dry …

David Lee Keith Obituary, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

David Lee Keith, Retired professor and extension entomologist at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln (UNL), dedicated husband, father, and friend, passed away at age 78 in Lincoln, Nebraska, on 4 February 2019 due to complications from diabetes.

Transcriptome And Gene Expression Analysis Of Three Developmental Stages Of The Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei, Daniel D. Noriega, Paula L. Arias, Helena R. Barbosa, Fabricio B.M. Arraes, Gustavo A. Ossa, Bernardo Villegas, Roberta R. Coelho, Erika V. S. Albuquerque, Roberto C. Togawa, Priscila Grynberg, Haichuan Wang, Ana M. Vélez, Jorge W. Arboleda, Maria F. Grossi-De-Sa, Maria C.M. Silva, Arnubio Valencia-Jiménez

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Coffee production is a global industry valued at approximately 173 billion US dollars. One of the main challenges facing coffee production is the management of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, which is considered the primary arthropod pest of coffee worldwide. Current control strategies are inefficient for CBB management. Although biotechnological alternatives, including RNA interference (RNAi), have been proposed in recent years to control insect pests, characterizing the genetics of the target pest is essential for the successful application of these emerging technologies. In this study, we employed RNA-seq to obtain the transcriptome of three developmental stages of the …

Bacteria-Mediated Modification Of Insecticide Toxicity In The Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes Aegypti, Sara S. Scates, Scott T. O'Neal, Troy D. Anderson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The incidence of mosquito-borne disease poses a significant threat to human and animal health throughout the world, with effective chemical control interventions limited by widespread insecticide resistance. Recent evidence suggests that gut bacteria of mosquitoes, known to be essential in nutritional homeostasis and pathogen defense, may also play a significant role in facilitating insecticide resistance. This study investigated the extent to which bacteria contribute to the general esterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated detoxification of the insecticides propoxur and naled, as well as the insecticidal activity of these chemistries to the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Experiments conducted using …

Life-History Parameters Of Striacosta Albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Laboratory Conditions, Débora G. Montezano, Thomas E. Hunt, Alexandre Specht, Priscila M. C. Luz, Julie A. Peterson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Striacosta albicosta (Smith) is a key pest of maize and dry beans in North America. It has expanded its distribution from the western Great Plains of the United States to the Great Lakes region in the United States and Canada. There has been limited research on the baseline biological aspects of this insect under controlled conditions. The objective of this study was to detail the biological parameters of S. albicosta feeding on an artificial diet under laboratory conditions. Overall survival from neonate to adult at 26.6 ± 1°C was 36.72% and the total developmental time was approximately 110 d. Survival …

Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda Smith) Feeding Elicits Differential Defense Responses In Upland And Lowland Switchgrass, Nathan A. Palmer, Saumik Basu, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw, Gautam Sarath, Joe Louis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a low input, high biomass perennial grass being developed for the bioenergy sector. Upland and lowland cultivars can differ in their responses to insect herbivory. Fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is a generalist pest of many plant species and can feed on switchgrass as well. Here, in two different trials, FAW larval mass were significantly reduced when fed on lowland cultivar Kanlow relative to larvae fed on upland cultivar Summer plants after 10 days. Hormone content of plants indicated elevated levels of the plant defense hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its …

Spatial Patterns And Sequential Sampling Plans For Estimating Densities Of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Soybean In The North Central Region Of The United States, Daniela T. Pezzini, Christina D. Difonzo, Deborah L. Finke, Thomas Hunt, Janet J. Knodel, Christian H. Krupke, Brian P. Mccornack, Andrew P. Michel, Roger D. Moon, Christopher R. Philips, Adam J. Varenhorst, Robert Wright, Robert Koch

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Stink bugs are an emerging threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) in the North Central Region of the United States. Consequently, region-specific scouting recommendations for stink bugs are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern and to develop sampling plans to estimate stink bug population density in soybean fields. In 2016 and 2017, 125 fields distributed across nine states were sampled using sweep nets. Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of stink bug species [Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)], life stages (nymphs and adults), and field locations (edge …

Western Corn Rootworm Pyrethroid Resistance Confirmed By Aerial Application Simulations Of Commercial Insecticides, Dariane Souza, Bruno C. Vieira, Bradley K. Fritz, Wesley C. Hoffmann, Julie A. Peterson, Greg Kruger, Lance J. Meinke

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (WCR) is a major insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States (US) and is highly adaptable to multiple management tactics. A low level of WCR field-evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been confirmed in the US western Corn Belt by laboratory dose-response bioassays. Further investigation has identified detoxification enzymes as a potential part of the WCR resistance mechanism, which could affect the performance of insecticides that are structurally related to pyrethroids, such as organophosphates. Thus, the responses of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible WCR populations to the commonly used pyrethroid …

Predation On Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Cotton And Soybean Agroecosystems, Kacie J. Athey, John R. Ruberson, Dawn M. Olson, James D. Harwood

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are significant pests of cotton and soybeans in the southeastern United States with annual control costs exceeding $14 million in these crops. Three of the most prominent stink bug pests are the southern green (Nezara viridula), brown (Euschistus servus) and green (Chinavia hilaris) stink bugs. To determine trophic linkages between generalist arthropod predators and these pests, species-specific 16S molecular markers were designed and used to detect the presence of prey DNA in predator gut-contents. Over 2700 predators were collected over two growing seasons in cotton and soybean in southern Georgia in 2011 and 2012 and screened …

Vapor Delivery Of Plant Essential Oils Alters Pyrethroid Efficacy And Detoxification Enzyme Activity In Mosquitoes, Scott T. O'Neal, Ellis J. Johnson, Leslie Catherine Rault, Troy D. Anderson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The use of synthetic insecticides to limit the spread of mosquito-borne disease faces a number of significant challenges, including insecticide resistance, concerns related to the environmental impact of widespread insecticide use, as well as slowed development of new insecticide chemistries. One important alternative to broadcast insecticides is the use of personal protection strategies to limit contact with vector species, including the use of spatial repellents that can employ synthetic pyrethroids or botanical products to effect control. A currently underexplored area of research involves the investigation of botanical products for their potential to serve as insecticide synergists when delivered as a …

Global Responses Of Resistant And Susceptible Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) To Sugarcane Aphid (Melanaphis Sacchari), Hannah M. Tetreault, Sajjan Grover, Erin Scully, Tammy Gries, Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Joe Louis, Scott E. Sattler

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) has emerged as a significant pest for sorghum. The use of sugarcane aphid-resistant sorghum germplasm with integrated pest management strategies appears to be an excellent solution to this problem. In this study, a resistant line (RTx2783) and a susceptible line (A/BCK60) were used to characterize the differences in plant responses to the sugarcane aphid through a series of experiments, which examined global sorghum gene expression, aphid feeding behavior and inheritance of aphid resistance. The global transcriptomic responses to sugarcane aphids in resistant and susceptible plants were identified using RNA-seq and compared to the …

Effects Of An Unregistered Insecticide On Adult Spotted Wing Drosophila Mortality And Field Infestation Rates, 2015, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Hannah Burrack

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effectiveness of an unregistered material at reducing Drosophila suzukii (SWD) infestation rates in blackberry field plots and its toxicity to adult SWD in laboratory bioassays was tested during the 2015 growing season. Field trials were conducted at the Sandhills Research Station near Jackson Springs, NC, in a 0.11-acre planting consisting of two rows of ‘Ouachita’ blackberries. Six treatments, including an untreated check (UTC), were applied to 5-plant plots and were arranged in an RCB design with four replicates per treatment, blocked by row, with two blocks per row. Delegate was the standard material. Some of the treatments were combined …

Resistance To Greenbugs In The Sorghum Nested Association Mapping Population, Sajjan Grover, Braden Wojahn, Suresh Varsani, Scott E. Sattler, Joe Louis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, is a serious pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). For the past several decades, resistant sorghum hybrids have been used to control greenbug populations. However, the durability of plant resistance is frequently challenged by evolution of new greenbug biotypes, and there is a continuous need for screening of resistant germplasm for its effective management in the field. Natural variation in sorghum plants/populations provides distinct approaches to identify novel sources of resistance against greenbugs. In this study, we used the recently developed sorghum nested association mapping (NAM) population parental lines to understand sources of sorghum resistance to greenbugs. …

Divergent Switchgrass Cultivars Modify Cereal Aphid Transcriptomes, Kyle G. Koch, Erin D. Scully, Nathan A. Palmer, Scott M. Geib, Gautam Sarath, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeff D. Bradshaw

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Sipha flava Forbes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are two common pests of bioenergy grasses. Despite the fact that they are both considered generalists, they differ in their ability to colonize Panicum virgatum cultivars. For example, S. flava colonizes both P. virgatum cv. Summer and P. virgatum cv. Kanlow whereas S. graminum can only colonize Summer. To study the molecular responses of these aphids to these two switchgrass cultivars, we generated de novo transcriptome assemblies and compared the expression profiles of aphids feeding on both cultivars to profiles associated with feeding on a highly susceptible sorghum host …

Association Of Age, Sex, And Pyrethroid Resistance Status On Survival And Cytochrome P450 Gene Expression In Aedes Aegypti (L.), Leslie C. Rault, Scott T. O'Neal, Ellis J. Johnson, Troy D. Anderson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Aedes aegypti is a vector of viruses that negatively impact human health. Insecticide resistance complicates mosquito control efforts, but understanding the mechanisms of resistance can help to improve management practices. This study examined different factors that could influence the interpretation of toxicity bioassays and gene expression studies in A. aegypti, including sex and age, in the context of resistance to pyrethroids. Bioassays using a pyrethroid-resistant strain, Puerto Rico (PR), and a pyrethroid-susceptible strain, Rockefeller (Rock), of A. aegypti were conducted with females and males of three age groups to determine differences in mortality induced by deltamethrin. Overall, strain was …

Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adult Emergence And Population Growth Assessment After Selection With Vacuolar Atpase-A Double-Stranded Rna Over Multiple Generations, Adriano E. Pereira, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Lance J. Meinke, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was exposed over multiple generations to vacuolar (v)ATPase-A double-stranded (ds)RNA, first as adults and later, as neonate larvae. During adult selection, high mortality and lower fecundity were observed in the RNAi-selected cages after beetles were exposed to sublethal dsRNA concentrations that varied between LC40 and LC75. During larval selection, a delay in adult emergence and effects on population growth parameters were observed after neonates were exposed to sublethal dsRNA concentrations that varied between LC50 and LC70. Some of the parameters measured for adult emergence such as time to reach maximum …

Genome-Wide Characterization, Molecular Evolution And Mexpression Profiling Of The Metacaspases In Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.), Nehal Dubey, Maitri Trivedi, Suresh Varsani, Vishal Vyas, Manisha Farsodia, Sunil Kumar Singh

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Metacaspases are distant relatives of animal caspases found in plants, protozoa and fungi. Some recent studies have demonstrated that metacaspases are involved in regulating the developmental and environmentally induced programmed cell death in plants. In this study, we identified metacaspase gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and analyzed their expression pattern in various developmental tissues and stress responses of plants. There were eight metacaspase genes identified in the Peptidase (Cysteine protease) C14 family and based upon sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, a systematic nomenclature of potato metacaspases (SotubMCs) has been proposed. Three of the eight candidate genes showing homology …

Residues Of Thiamethoxam And Mefenoxam In Vegetative And Floral Tissue Of Soybean At The Early Reproductive Stage Resulting From Seed Treatments, Carolina Camargo, Daniel D. Snow, Sathaporn Onanong, Thomas Hunt, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Thiamethoxam with mefenoxam is the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide/fungicide mixture applied to soybean (Glycine max [L]) as seed treatments. Based on the systemic nature of thiamethoxam and mefenoxam, residues of this insecticide/fungicide mixture may be present in soybean vegetative and floral tissue and negatively impact beneficial insects. Although neonicotinoids are often applied in combination with systemic fungicides, the research on ecological risks of neonicotinoids has been focused on the analysis of these compounds without considering their interaction with other agrochemicals. The objective of this study was to identify the concentration of thiamethoxam and mefenoxam in soybean flowers and …

Cow-Calf Producers’ Willingness To Pay For Bulls Resistant To Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae), Lettie Mckay, Karen L. Delong, Susan Schexnayder, Andrew P. Griffith, David B. Taylor, Pia Olafson, R. T. Trout Fryxell

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Horn flies (Haematobia irritans (L.)) have long posed animal health and welfare concerns. Economic losses to the cattle and dairy industries from their blood-feeding behavior include decreased weight gain, loss in milk productivity, and transmission of bacteria causing mastitis in cattle. Horn fly management strategies are labor intensive and can become ineffective due to the horn fly’s ability to develop insecticide resistance. Research indicates that for some cattle herds, genetically similar animals consistently have fewer flies suggesting those animals are horn fly resistant (HFR) and that the trait is heritable; however, it is currently unknown if cattle producers value this …

Native Solitary Bees Provide Economically Significant Pollination Services To Confection Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) Grown Across The Northern Great Plains, Rachel E. Mallinger, Jeff Bradshaw, Adam J. Varenhorst, Jarrad R. Prasifka

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The benefits of insect pollination to crop yields depend on genetic and environmental factors including plant selffertility, pollinator visitation rates, and pollinator efficacy. While many crops benefit from insect pollination, such variation in pollinator benefits across both plant cultivars and growing regions is not well documented. In this study, across three states in the northern Great Plains, United States, from 2016 to 2017, we evaluated the pollinatormediated yield increases for 10 varieties of confection sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), a plant that is naturally pollinator-dependent but was bred for self-fertility. We additionally measured pollinator visitation rates and compared per-visit …

Biotic Potential And Reproductive Parameters Of Spodoptera Frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Debora G. Montezano, Alexandre Specht, Embrapa Soja, Daniel R. Sosa-Gomez, Vania F. Roque-Specht, Juaci V. Malaquias, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Julie A. Peterson, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a native to the Americas and recently reported in Africa, Germany, the Netherlands and India, is a significant pest of many crop species. Although a widespread and important pest, information on its biology and development are incomplete and require detailed study. In this study, the biotic potential and reproductive parameters of S. frugiperda were evaluated under controlled conditions (25±1 °C, 70±10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The longevity, pre-, postand oviposition periods, fecundity, and fertility of 30 pairs were evaluated. The longevity of females (10.87 days) was not significantly …

A New Pest Species Of Resseliella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) On Soybean (Fabaceae) In North America, With A Description Of The Genus, Raymond Gagne, Junichi Yukawa, Ayman K. Elsayed, Anthony J. Mcmechan

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A new species, Resseliella maxima Gagne, is reported that feeds on the lower stems of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota and Minnesota. It is described and illustrated and compared in detail with other Resseliella spp. DNA data support its status as a new species. A general description is given for Resseliella.

Effect Of Neem-Based Botanicals And Abamectin 1.8% Ec Against Phyllocnistis Citrella1 In Citrus Reticulata (Rutaceae) Nursery Plantations, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Afzal, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, is an economically important insect pest of citrus in Pakistan, Mexico, the United States and many other citrus-producing countries. Extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss at 5 and 7% and its oil at 1 and 1.5% concentrations were tested in comparison to synthetic insecticide abamectin 1.8% EC against P. citrella in nursery plantations of Citrus reticulata L. Control of all larval instars of citrus leafminer was good with application of abamectin and A. indica oil during fall 2015 and summer 2016. Abamectin suppressed 75-90% of P. citrella larvae both seasons. A. indica oil at greater …

Optimizing Egg Recovery From Wild Northern Corn Rootworm Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Adriano E. Pereira, Dalton C. Ludwick, Julie Barry, Lance J. Meinke, Daniel J. Moellenbeck, Mark R. Ellersieck, Jordan D. Reinders, Ryan W. Geisert, Keiran Hyte, Amanda Ernwall, Kyle J. Paddock, Bruce E. Hibbard

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important insect pests in the U.S. Corn Belt. Efforts to obtain eggs from wild northern corn rootworm populations using techniques developed for other rootworm species have been unsuccessful due to lack of oviposition. In 2016, we evaluated four oviposition media in choice tests within each of three female densities in 30.5 × 30.5 × 30.5 cm BugDorm cages. The number of eggs laid per female was significantly affected by female density and the interaction of female density × oviposition media, but oviposition was relatively …

External Marking And Behavior Of Early Instar Helicoverpa Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Soybean, Luiz E. R. Pannuti, Edson L. L. Baldin, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Thomas E. Hunt, Vinicius F. Canassa, José P. F. Bentivenha, Ivana F. Da Silva

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of major agricultural crops, such as soybean and cotton. A better understanding of larval movement is important for its integrated management and resistance management. Studies with neonates through second instar larvae are still limited by the difficulties involving the handling and observation of these instars. Many studies require marking larvae, and most research involving marking is focused on moths. However, our study investigated aspects of larval behavior of the second instar of H. armigera on soybean plants. The dyes luminous powder red and Sudan Red 7B were tested as external larval markers. …

Nutritional Status Of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Workers Across An Agricultural Land-Use Gradient, Matthew D. Smart, Clint R. V. Otto, Jonathan G. Lundgren

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Land use, habitat, and forage quality have emerged as critical factors influencing the health, productivity, and survival of honey bee colonies. However, characterization of the mechanistic relationship between differential land-use conditions and ultimate outcomes for honey bee colonies has been elusive. We assessed the physiological health of individual worker honey bees in colonies stationed across a gradient of agricultural land use to ask whether indicators of nutritional physiology including glycogen, total sugar, lipids, and protein were associated with land-use conditions over the growing season and colony population size the subsequent spring during almond pollination. Across the observed land-use gradient, we …

The Genera Of Agaocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) Of Colombia, With Description Of A New Species Of Lycomedes Breme, Jhon César Neita-Moreno, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The six genera of Agaocephalini in Colombia are distinguished in a dichotomous key and illustrated. Lycomedes enigmaticus Neita-Moreno and Ratcliffe, new species, is described and differentiated by character comparisons with other previously known Colombian species. Lycomedes lydiae Arnaud, 2012 is proposed as a new junior synonym of Lycomedes reichei Brême, 1844.

Los seis géneros de Agaocephalini en Colombia son incluidos e ilustrados en una clave dicotómica. Se describe Lycomedes enigmaticus Neita-Moreno y Ratcliffe, especie nueva y es diferenciada por comparación de caracteres con otras especies previamente conocidas de Colombia. Se propone Lycomedes lydiae Arnaud, 2012 como un nuevo sinónimo …

The Economics Of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Management And Overwintering Strategies For Colonies Used To Pollinate Almonds, Gloria Degrandi-Hoffman, Henry Graham, Fabiana Ahumada, Matthew Smart, Nick Ziolkowski

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies significantly contribute to agricultural productivity through crop pollination. Almond production requires the most colonies because there are more than a million acres of orchards that require cross-pollination for nut set. With the rising costs of managing and transporting colonies to almond orchards combined with the high colony losses beekeepers routinely experience, we asked if renting colonies for almond pollination was profitable. We conducted a longitudinal study on 190 colonies from their establishment in April until they were placed in almond orchards 10 mo later. In the fall, equal numbers of colonies were placed …