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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Ecological Adaptation And Speciation In Chipmunks, Nathanael David Filer Herrera
Ecological Adaptation And Speciation In Chipmunks, Nathanael David Filer Herrera
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Understanding how evolutionary and ecological mechanisms promote speciation and adaptation is one of the central challenges of evolutionary biology. Recent advancements in theoretical, methodological, and computational approaches now allow biologists to test long-standing questions regarding the evolutionary history of species. This includes the genomic underpinnings of reproductive barriers and adaptive phenotypes, and the contribution of ecology, geography, and demography in the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. While great strides have been made in understanding the genetic and ecological factors that underlie speciation and local adaptation, many open questions remain. My dissertation first seeks to address questions about how we define …
Evolutionary Dynamics And Structural Consequences Of De Novo Beneficial Mutations And Mutant Lineages Arising In A Constant Environment, Margie Kinnersley, Katja Schwartz, Dong Dong Yang, Gavin Sherlock, Frank Rosenzweig
Evolutionary Dynamics And Structural Consequences Of De Novo Beneficial Mutations And Mutant Lineages Arising In A Constant Environment, Margie Kinnersley, Katja Schwartz, Dong Dong Yang, Gavin Sherlock, Frank Rosenzweig
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Microbial evolution experiments can be used to study the tempo and dynamics of evolutionary change in asexual populations, founded from single clones and growing into large populations with multiple clonal lineages. High-throughput sequencing can be used to catalog de novo mutations as potential targets of selection, determine in which lineages they arise, and track the fates of those lineages. Here, we describe a long-term experimental evolution study to identify targets of selection and to determine when, where, and how often those targets are hit. Results: We experimentally evolved replicate Escherichia coli populations that originated from a mutator/nonsense suppressor ancestor …
The Exploration Of Clinicians’ Lived Experiences In Culturally Adapting Empirically Supported Treatments For American Indian And Alaska Native Populations, Maegan Rides At The Door
The Exploration Of Clinicians’ Lived Experiences In Culturally Adapting Empirically Supported Treatments For American Indian And Alaska Native Populations, Maegan Rides At The Door
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study investigated the lived experiences of clinicians who have culturally adapted Empirically Supported Treatments (EST) for American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) populations. The central research question for this investigation was: What is the experience of mental health providers in culturally adapting empirically supported treatments for American Indian and Alaska Native populations? A guided semi-structured interview protocol was used to interview eight participants. Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to develop a general psychological structure representing eight essential constituents. They are: developing an understanding of cultural adaptation, focusing on building and maintaining therapeutic relationships, immersion and engagement with community, experiencing …
Adaptation To A Geothermal Soil Mosaic Shapes Genome-Wide Patterns Of Diversity And Differentiation In Yellowstone Monkeyflowers (M. Guttatus), Kory M. Kolis
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Local adaptation across habitat mosaics can generate phenotypic divergence in the face of gene flow; however, adaptive divergence in reproductive traits may also create barriers to genetic exchange within and among distinct habitats. In plants, life-history, phenology, and mating system traits may lead to divergent selection over short (microgeographic) spatial scales. Changes to these traits are likely to directly affect patterns of gene flow and genomic diversity. In this study, we combined field, common garden, and population genomic approaches to investigate phenotypic and genetic variation in Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflowers) adapted to a complex geothermal soil mosaic in Yellowstone National …
Adaptation Under The Canopy: Coffee Cooperative And Certification Contributions To Smallholder Livelihood Sustainability In Santa Lucía Teotepec, Oaxaca, Meghan C. Montgomery
Adaptation Under The Canopy: Coffee Cooperative And Certification Contributions To Smallholder Livelihood Sustainability In Santa Lucía Teotepec, Oaxaca, Meghan C. Montgomery
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The collapse and reorganization of global coffee markets associated with the “coffee crisis” have had profound, negative impacts on smallholder producer livelihoods throughout the world. In Mexico, the collapse of the International Coffee Agreement (ICA) coincided with withdrawal of government support for agriculture, which devastated producers dependent on coffee for their livelihoods. Smallholders responded by shifting livelihood strategies to diversify income, migrating, and converting primary forest cover to subsistence crops and pasture to support household livelihood security. In some instances, producers also joined or formed cooperative organizations to access specialty certifications that offer higher priced markets, extension information, and other …
Carrying The Seeds: Adaptations And Transitions Of Hmong American Food Producers In Missoula County, Montana, Rachel Cramer
Carrying The Seeds: Adaptations And Transitions Of Hmong American Food Producers In Missoula County, Montana, Rachel Cramer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Forty years after the initial resettlement of Hmong refugees in Missoula County, Montana, the Hmong American community has undergone significant agricultural and cultural adaptations. Today, there are about 200 Hmong Americans in the county, less than 2% of the population (US Census Bureau 2010), but they make up around 40% of the farmers’ market produce vendors. The thesis demonstrates that, while agriculture has played a central role in helping Hmong refugees adapt, its role is becoming more symbolic as the second generation develops an identity less connected to growing and selling food. Through a qualitative research approach using 19 in-depth …
Raising Grain In Next Year Country: Dryland Farming, Drought, And Adaptation In The Golden Triangle, Montana, Caroline M. Stephens
Raising Grain In Next Year Country: Dryland Farming, Drought, And Adaptation In The Golden Triangle, Montana, Caroline M. Stephens
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Climate change has already and will likely continue to impact agriculture in the Western United States, threatening water supplies for both irrigated and rainfed agriculture (Calzadilla et al. 2010; Chambers and Pellant 2008; MacDonald et al. 2010; Pedersen et al. 2009). In the Golden Triangle, a region in north central Montana, known for its dryland grain production, the same is true. There is a need for in-depth, fine-grained, place-based, and qualitative research about the process of climate change adaptation in agriculture (Miller et al. 2013). Drought challenges farmers in the Triangle, which is semiarid and receives 10-15 inches of annual …
Identification Of Mastigocladus Laminosus Genes Associated With Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation Performance, Patrick R. Hutchins
Identification Of Mastigocladus Laminosus Genes Associated With Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation Performance, Patrick R. Hutchins
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Understanding population variation for fitness-related traits is important for our comprehension of evolutionary adaptation and of how populations respond to environmental change. Here, I investigate variation in nitrogen fixation performance for an ecologically-variable population of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus from White Creek, a nitrogen-limited, geothermally-influenced stream in Yellowstone NP. I next take a population genomics approach to identify candidate loci associated with superior performance. Variation among strains and temperature dependence of the nitrogen fixation process were the most important factors in a linear mixed effects model. Absolute and relative measures of genetic differentiation between strains from the upper quartile of …
Assessing The Determinants Facilitating Local Vulnerabilities And Adaptive Capacities To Climate Change Impacts In High Mountain Areas: A Case Study Of Northern Ladakh, India, Kimiko Nygaard Barrett
Assessing The Determinants Facilitating Local Vulnerabilities And Adaptive Capacities To Climate Change Impacts In High Mountain Areas: A Case Study Of Northern Ladakh, India, Kimiko Nygaard Barrett
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Climate change is increasingly redefining the dialectic exchange between human systems and ecological processes. While the rhetoric of climate change is articulated within broad arenas of governance and policy, the realities of climate change are experienced at the local scale. Effective adaptation measures must therefore be commensurate with local resources, needs and objectives while remaining aligned with larger decision-making efforts. The impacts of climate change are heterogeneous and vary with geographic context. Biophysical parameters interface with socioeconomic and political forces to greatly influence the outcome of climate-related risks at the local level. In the high mountains of the western Himalayas …
Tourism Sector Perceptions Of Vulnerability To Environmental Change In Glacier National Park, U.S.A., Nicholas Youngstrom
Tourism Sector Perceptions Of Vulnerability To Environmental Change In Glacier National Park, U.S.A., Nicholas Youngstrom
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Glacier National Park, a highly visible example of climate change impacts, is also extremely important for local inhabitants that depend on park resources to generate tourism. Consequently, if those resources are altered, tourism could be adversely affected. To explore this range of climate change impacts on the human community, as well as how vulnerability is perceived and experienced, twenty-three operators in the Glacier region were interviewed. These interviews were then analyzed using content analysis, which allowed themes related to vulnerability to be detailed. Operators identified several ways in which they experience vulnerability to climate change, particularly through wildfire, extreme weather, …
Responses To Climate Change In National Park Service Wilderness: What Is Happening In The Field?, Katherine E. Nelson
Responses To Climate Change In National Park Service Wilderness: What Is Happening In The Field?, Katherine E. Nelson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As scholars debate whether climate change warrants more or less active management in wilderness, this baseline study identifies what is happening on the ground. This study focuses attention on National Park Service units that administer designated wilderness. Representatives who had been identified by the superintendents from each of these units responded to an online survey (with a 94% response rate). Respondents reported on their concerns, monitoring, and management projects driven by climate change happening in their wilderness. Respondents also discussed whether and how these activities affected wilderness character. This is the first study to characterize the response to climate change …
Substrate Use And Biochemical Response To A 3,211-Km Bicycle Tour In Trained Cyclists, Dustin R. Slivka, Charles Dumke, Walter S. Hailes, John S. Cuddy, Brent Ruby
Substrate Use And Biochemical Response To A 3,211-Km Bicycle Tour In Trained Cyclists, Dustin R. Slivka, Charles Dumke, Walter S. Hailes, John S. Cuddy, Brent Ruby
Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological adaptations in physically fit individuals to a period of intensified training. Ten trained males cycled outdoors ~170 km day−1 on 19 out of 21 days. Expired gas was collected on days 1 and 21 during maximal graded exercise and used for the determination of gross efficiency and whole body substrate use. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after exercise on days 2 and 22 for the determination of mtDNA/gDNA ratio, gene expression, metabolic enzyme activity and glycogen use. Muscle glycogen before and after exercise, fat oxidation, and gross efficiency …