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University of Mississippi

Faculty and Student Publications

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2020

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Antimalarials And Phytotoxins From Botryosphaeria Dothidea Identified From A Seed Of Diseased Torreya Taxifolia, Mallika Kumarihamy, Luiz H. Rosa, Natascha Techen, Daneel Ferreira, Edward M. Croom, Stephen O. Duke, Babu L. Tekwani, Shabana Khan, N. P.Dhammika Nanayakkara Dec 2020

Antimalarials And Phytotoxins From Botryosphaeria Dothidea Identified From A Seed Of Diseased Torreya Taxifolia, Mallika Kumarihamy, Luiz H. Rosa, Natascha Techen, Daneel Ferreira, Edward M. Croom, Stephen O. Duke, Babu L. Tekwani, Shabana Khan, N. P.Dhammika Nanayakkara

Faculty and Student Publications

The metabolic pathways in the apicoplast organelle of Plasmodium parasites are similar to those in plastids in plant cells and are suitable targets for malaria drug discovery. Some phytotoxins released by plant pathogenic fungi have been known to target metabolic pathways of the plastid; thus, they may also serve as potential antimalarial drug leads. An EtOAc extract of the broth of the endophyte Botryosphaeria dothidea isolated from a seed collected from a Torreya taxifolia plant with disease symptoms, showed in vitro antimalarial and phytotoxic activities. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extract afforded a mixture of two known isomeric phytotoxins, FRT-A and …

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Search For Lepton-Number- And Baryon-Number-Violating Tau Decays At Belle, D. Sahoo, G. B. Mohanty, K. Trabelsi, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, T. Aziz, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, L. Cao, D. Červenkov, M. C. Chang, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin Dec 2020

Search For Lepton-Number- And Baryon-Number-Violating Tau Decays At Belle, D. Sahoo, G. B. Mohanty, K. Trabelsi, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, T. Aziz, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, L. Cao, D. Červenkov, M. C. Chang, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. We search for lepton-number- and baryon-number-violating decays τ-→p¯e+e-, pe-e-, p¯e+μ-, p¯e-μ+, p¯μ+μ-, and pμ-μ- using 921 fb-1 of data, equivalent to (841±12)×106 τ+τ- events, recorded with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. In the absence of a signal, 90% confidence-level upper limits are set on the branching fractions of these decays in the range (1.8-4.0)×10-8. We set the world's first limits on the first four channels and improve the existing limits by an order of magnitude for the last two channels.

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Prevalence Of Depression And Anxiety Symptoms Of High School Students In Shandong Province During The Covid-19 Epidemic, Zeng Zhang, Ailing Zhai, Mingchuan Yang, Junqing Zhang, Haotian Zhou, Chuanming Yang, Shanshan Duan, Cong Zhou Dec 2020

Prevalence Of Depression And Anxiety Symptoms Of High School Students In Shandong Province During The Covid-19 Epidemic, Zeng Zhang, Ailing Zhai, Mingchuan Yang, Junqing Zhang, Haotian Zhou, Chuanming Yang, Shanshan Duan, Cong Zhou

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Zhai, Yang, Zhang, Zhou, Yang, Duan and Zhou. Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has brought physical risks as well as psychological challenges to the whole world. High school students are a special group suffering from both the academic pressure and the threat of the epidemic. The present study aims to conduct an online survey to investigate the psychological status of high school students in Shandong Province. Methods: Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, data was collected from 1,018 voluntary high school students assessed with demographic information, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 …

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Antimicrobial Constituents From Machaerium Pers.: Inhibitory Activities And Synergism Of Machaeriols And Machaeridiols Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium, And Permeabilized Gram-Negative Pathogens, Ilias Muhammad, Melissa R. Jacob, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Vijayasankar Raman, Mallika Kumarihamy, Mei Wang, Taha Al-Adhami, Charlotte Hind, Melanie Clifford, Bethany Martin, Jianping Zhao, J. Mark Sutton, Khondaker Miraz Rahman Dec 2020

Antimicrobial Constituents From Machaerium Pers.: Inhibitory Activities And Synergism Of Machaeriols And Machaeridiols Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium, And Permeabilized Gram-Negative Pathogens, Ilias Muhammad, Melissa R. Jacob, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Vijayasankar Raman, Mallika Kumarihamy, Mei Wang, Taha Al-Adhami, Charlotte Hind, Melanie Clifford, Bethany Martin, Jianping Zhao, J. Mark Sutton, Khondaker Miraz Rahman

Faculty and Student Publications

Two new epimeric bibenzylated monoterpenes machaerifurogerol (1a) and 5-epi-machaerifurogerol (1b), and four known isoflavonoids (+)-vestitol (2), 7-O-methylvestitol (3), (+)-medicarpin (4), and 3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (5) were isolated from Machaerium Pers. This plant was previously assigned as Machaerium multiflorum Spruce, from which machaeriols A-D (6-9) and machaeridiols A-C (10-12) were reported, and all were then re-isolated, except the minor compound 9, for a comprehensive antimicrobial activity evaluation. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by full NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Among the isolated compounds, the mixture 10 + 11 was the most active with an MIC value of 1.25 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant …

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Newly Generated Atractylon Derivatives In Processed Rhizomes Of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz, Chunmei Zhai, Jianping Zhao, Amar G. Chittiboyina, Yonghai Meng, Mei Wang, Ikhlas A. Khan Dec 2020

Newly Generated Atractylon Derivatives In Processed Rhizomes Of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz, Chunmei Zhai, Jianping Zhao, Amar G. Chittiboyina, Yonghai Meng, Mei Wang, Ikhlas A. Khan

Faculty and Student Publications

Thermally processed rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders, and have been an integral part of various traditional drugs and healthcare products. In TCM, herbal medicines are, in most cases, uniquely processed. Although it is thought that processing can alter the properties of herbal medicines so as to achieve desired functions, increase potency, and/or reduce side effects, the underlying chemical changes remain unclear for most thermally processed Chinese herbal medicines. In an attempt to shed some light on the scientific rationale behind the processes involved in traditional …

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A Hydrodynamics Assessment Of The Hammerhead Shark Cephalofoil, Matthew K. Gaylord, Eric L. Blades, Glenn Parsons Dec 2020

A Hydrodynamics Assessment Of The Hammerhead Shark Cephalofoil, Matthew K. Gaylord, Eric L. Blades, Glenn Parsons

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Hammerhead sharks are characterized by a conspicuous lateral expansion of the head forming a structure known as a cephalofoil. Two theories regarding the function of this structure suggest that it may increase maneuverability as well as produce dynamic lift similar to a cambered airplane wing. Here we report on a family-wide computational fluid dynamics analysis of all eight hammerhead shark species and three sharks with typical head shape. Models cast of the heads of fresh and museum specimens of hammerhead and typical sharks were used to produce pressure surface maps and lift and drag polar diagrams …

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Controlling The Chaotic Motions Of An Airfoil With A Nonlinear Stiffness Using Closed-Loop Harmonic Parametric Excitation, Robert Bruce Alstrom Dec 2020

Controlling The Chaotic Motions Of An Airfoil With A Nonlinear Stiffness Using Closed-Loop Harmonic Parametric Excitation, Robert Bruce Alstrom

Faculty and Student Publications

The purpose of this research is to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possibility of suppressing the flutter and post-flutter (chaotic) responses of a two-dimensional self-excited airfoil with a cubic nonlinear stiffness (in torsion) and linear viscous damping via closed-loop harmonic parametric excitation. It was found that the initial configuration of the proposed control scheme caused the torsional/pitch dynamics to act as a nonlinear energy sink; as a result, it was identified that the mechanisms of vibration suppression are the resonance capture cascade and the short duration or isolated resonance capture. It is the isolated resonance capture that is responsible …

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Allosteric Regulation Of Lysosomal Enzyme Recognition By The Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor, Linda J. Olson, Sandeep K. Misra, Mayumi Ishihara, Kevin P. Battaile, Oliver C. Grant, Amika Sood, Robert J. Woods, Jung Ja P. Kim, Michael Tiemeyer, Gang Ren, Joshua S. Sharp, Nancy M. Dahms Dec 2020

Allosteric Regulation Of Lysosomal Enzyme Recognition By The Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor, Linda J. Olson, Sandeep K. Misra, Mayumi Ishihara, Kevin P. Battaile, Oliver C. Grant, Amika Sood, Robert J. Woods, Jung Ja P. Kim, Michael Tiemeyer, Gang Ren, Joshua S. Sharp, Nancy M. Dahms

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR, IGF2 receptor or CD222), is a multifunctional glycoprotein required for normal development. Through the receptor’s ability to bind unrelated extracellular and intracellular ligands, it participates in numerous functions including protein trafficking, lysosomal biogenesis, and regulation of cell growth. Clinically, endogenous CI-MPR delivers infused recombinant enzymes to lysosomes in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases. Although four of the 15 domains comprising CI-MPR’s extracellular region bind phosphorylated glycans on lysosomal enzymes, knowledge of how CI-MPR interacts with ~60 different lysosomal enzymes is limited. Here, we show by electron microscopy and hydroxyl …

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Age-Dependent Hormesis-Like Effects Of The Synthetic Cannabinoid Cp55940 In C57bl/6 Mice, Erik L. Hodges, Jessica P. Marshall, Nicole M. Ashpole Dec 2020

Age-Dependent Hormesis-Like Effects Of The Synthetic Cannabinoid Cp55940 In C57bl/6 Mice, Erik L. Hodges, Jessica P. Marshall, Nicole M. Ashpole

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Use of cannabis and cannabinoid-containing substances is increasing among geriatric patients, despite relatively sparse preclinical evidence in aged models. To better understand the effects of exogenous cannabinoids on aging male and female rodents, we compared the age- and dose-dependent physiological and behavioral effects of the synthetic cannabinoid CP55940 in young–adult and aged C57BL/6 mice. Locomotion, body temperature, thermal nociception, and fecal output were measured following CP55940 administration. Our findings indicate that CP55940 is more potent and efficacious in older mice, evidenced by exaggerated antinociception and locomotor inhibition when compared to younger adult mice. In addition, we …

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Immunogenetic And Tolerance Strategies Against A Novel Parasitoid Of Wild Field Crickets, Kristin L. Sikkink, Nathan W. Bailey, Marlene Zuk, Susan L. Balenger Dec 2020

Immunogenetic And Tolerance Strategies Against A Novel Parasitoid Of Wild Field Crickets, Kristin L. Sikkink, Nathan W. Bailey, Marlene Zuk, Susan L. Balenger

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Among the parasites of insects, endoparasitoids impose a costly challenge to host defenses because they use their host’s body for the development and maturation of their eggs or larvae, and ultimately kill the host. Tachinid flies are highly specialized acoustically orienting parasitoids, with first instar mobile larvae that burrow into the host’s body to feed. We investigated the possibility that Teleogryllus oceanicus field crickets employ postinfestation strategies to maximize survival when infested with the larvae of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea. Using crickets from the Hawaiian …

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Clinical Relevance Of Cancer Stem Cell Chemotherapeutic Assay For Recurrent Ovarian Cancer, Candace M. Howard, Nadim Bou Zgheib, Stephen Bush, Timothy Deeulis, Antonio Cortese, Antonio Mollo, Seth T. Lirette, Krista Denning, Jagan Valluri, Pier Paolo Claudio Dec 2020

Clinical Relevance Of Cancer Stem Cell Chemotherapeutic Assay For Recurrent Ovarian Cancer, Candace M. Howard, Nadim Bou Zgheib, Stephen Bush, Timothy Deeulis, Antonio Cortese, Antonio Mollo, Seth T. Lirette, Krista Denning, Jagan Valluri, Pier Paolo Claudio

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 Introduction: Disease recurrence and progression of ovarian cancer is common with the development of platinum-resistant or refractory disease. This is due in large part to the presence of chemo-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute to tumor propagation, maintenance, and treatment resistance. We developed a CSCs drug cytotoxicity assay (ChemoID) to identify the most effective chemotherapy treatment from a panel of FDA approved chemotherapies. Methods: Ascites and pleural fluid samples were collected under physician order from 45 consecutive patients affected by 3rd-5th relapsed ovarian cancer. Test results from the assay were used to treat patients with the highest …

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Financial Analysis Of Dalbavancin For Acute Bacterial Skin And Skin Structure Infections For Self-Pay Patients, Adam G. Pizzuti, E. Yancy Murray, Jamie L. Wagner, Derek A. Gaul, Christopher M. Bland, Bruce M. Jones Dec 2020

Financial Analysis Of Dalbavancin For Acute Bacterial Skin And Skin Structure Infections For Self-Pay Patients, Adam G. Pizzuti, E. Yancy Murray, Jamie L. Wagner, Derek A. Gaul, Christopher M. Bland, Bruce M. Jones

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Introduction: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) are an increasing cause of admission in the self-pay population. We previously reported that patients with ABSSSI discharged to receive dalbavancin showed a decreased length of stay (LOS) and total direct costs without increasing 30-day readmission rate. For patients who are financially eligible, a dalbavancin vial replacement program can offset costs. The objective of this study was to determine cost differences in treating ABSSSI in self-pay inpatients discharged to receive dalbavancin compared to standard of care (SOC). Methods: This retrospective cohort within a community health system compared …

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Combined And Independent Effects Of Hypoxia And Tributyltin On Mrna Expression And Physiology Of The Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), Ann Fairly Barnett, James H. Gledhill, Robert J. Griffitt, Marc Slattery, Deborah J. Gochfeld, Kristine L. Willett Dec 2020

Combined And Independent Effects Of Hypoxia And Tributyltin On Mrna Expression And Physiology Of The Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), Ann Fairly Barnett, James H. Gledhill, Robert J. Griffitt, Marc Slattery, Deborah J. Gochfeld, Kristine L. Willett

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Oyster reefs are vital to estuarine health, but they experience multiple stressors and globally declining populations. This study examined effects of hypoxia and tributyltin (TBT) on adult Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed either in the laboratory or the field following a natural hypoxic event. In the laboratory, oysters were exposed to either hypoxia followed by a recovery period, or to hypoxia combined with TBT. mRNA expression of HIF1-α and Tβ-4 along with hemocyte counts, biomarkers of hypoxic stress and immune health, respectively, were measured. In field-deployed oysters, HIF1-α and Tβ-4 expression increased, while no effect on …

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Condylar Neck And Sub-Condylar Fractures: Surgical Consideration And Evolution Of The Technique With Short Follow-Up On Five Cases, Antonio Cortese, Antonio Borri, Marco Bergaminelli, Fabrizio Bergaminelli Dec 2020

Condylar Neck And Sub-Condylar Fractures: Surgical Consideration And Evolution Of The Technique With Short Follow-Up On Five Cases, Antonio Cortese, Antonio Borri, Marco Bergaminelli, Fabrizio Bergaminelli

Faculty and Student Publications

Condylar neck and sub-condylar fractures of the mandible are a frequent occurrence in maxillofacial surgery. The indication for surgical treatment of these fractures has changed over time, and several techniques have been developed with different results in the attempt to avoid the most worrisome adverse event, i.e., facial nerve injury. In this study, we present a new technique that combines an intraoral and a cutaneous pre-auricular access, which allows for easy and safe access to the surgical site, preventing facial nerve injury and avoiding surgical scars in high-impact aesthetic areas of the neck. Five consecutive patients affected by condylar neck …

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A New Stilbene From Agonis Flexuosa Leaves And Verification Of Its Histamine Release Inhibitory Activity Using In Silico And In Vitro Studies, Rola M. Labib, Lourin G. Malak, Fadia S. Youssef, Samir A. Ross Dec 2020

A New Stilbene From Agonis Flexuosa Leaves And Verification Of Its Histamine Release Inhibitory Activity Using In Silico And In Vitro Studies, Rola M. Labib, Lourin G. Malak, Fadia S. Youssef, Samir A. Ross

Faculty and Student Publications

This study aimed to explore the phytoconstituents of Agonis flexuosa, F. Myrtaceae and its biological activity. A thorough phytochemical investigation of its leaves led to the isolation of one new stilbene glycoside; (Z)-2,3-dihydroxystilbene-5-O-β-D-glucoside (1), and fifteen known compounds identified as two stilbenes: (Z)-pinosylvin mono methyl ether (2) and (Z)-pinosylvin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3); six flavanones: (2S)-pinostrobin (4), (2S)-strobopinin (5), (2S)-cryptostobin (6), (2S)-pinocembrin (7), (2S)-dimethylpinocembrin (8) and (2S)-dimethylstrobopinin (9); four flavonoids: quercetin (10), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11), quercetin-3-O-α-D-rhamnoside (12) and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (13), α-terpineol (14), β-sitosterol (15) and gallic acid (16). The structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated based upon the interpretation of their 1D and …

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Competences In Digital Online Media Literacy: Towards Convergence With Emergency Remote Efl Learning, Abduljalil Nasr Hazaea, Abdullah Ayidh J. Alqahtani Dec 2020

Competences In Digital Online Media Literacy: Towards Convergence With Emergency Remote Efl Learning, Abduljalil Nasr Hazaea, Abdullah Ayidh J. Alqahtani

Faculty and Student Publications

Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. With the emergency shift to remote learning due to the spread of COVID-19 and the advent of communication technology, developing digital online media literacy (DOML) has become necessary for Saudi English as foreign language (EFL) students. Media literacy empowers EFL students to access, analyze, evaluate, and produce digital online media texts. The preparatory year (PY) is a bridging year that links school outcomes to university demands. This study examines the competences in DOML among students in PY at Saudi University. It also examines whether any differences can be attributed to gender. …

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Search For A Doubly Charged Ddk Bound State In ϒ (1s, 2s) Inclusive Decays And Via Direct Production In E+E- Collisions At S =10.520, 10.580, And 10.867 Gev Search For A Doubly Charged Ddk Bound State In ... Li Y. Et Al., Y. Li, S. Jia, C. P. Shen, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, D. Červenkov, M. C. Chang, P. Chang, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Cho, S. J. Cho Dec 2020

Search For A Doubly Charged Ddk Bound State In ϒ (1s, 2s) Inclusive Decays And Via Direct Production In E+E- Collisions At S =10.520, 10.580, And 10.867 Gev Search For A Doubly Charged Ddk Bound State In ... Li Y. Et Al., Y. Li, S. Jia, C. P. Shen, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, D. Červenkov, M. C. Chang, P. Chang, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Cho, S. J. Cho

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. We report the results of a first search for a doubly charged DDK bound state, denoted the R++, in ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) inclusive decays and via direct production in e+e- collisions at s=10.520, 10.580, and 10.867 GeV. The search uses data accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. No significant signals are observed in the D+Ds∗+ invariant-mass spectra of all studied modes. The 90% credibility level upper limits on their product branching fractions in ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) inclusive decays (B(ϒ(1S, 2S)→R+++anything)×B(R++→D+Ds∗+)), the product values of Born cross …

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New Method For Beyond The Standard Model Invisible Particle Searches In Tau Lepton Decays, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, A. De Yta-Hernandez, M. Hernandez-Villanueva Dec 2020

New Method For Beyond The Standard Model Invisible Particle Searches In Tau Lepton Decays, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, A. De Yta-Hernandez, M. Hernandez-Villanueva

Faculty and Student Publications

Motivated by models proposed to explain Standard Model anomalies, and the unprecedented τ+τ- data to be collected by the Belle II experiment during the next years, we study the kinematics of tau pair decays and propose a new method to search for lepton flavor violating processes in tau lepton decays to invisible beyond Standard Model particles, such as τ→ℓα, where ℓ is either an electron or a muon, and α is a massive particle that escapes undetected. The new method improves by one order of magnitude the expected upper limit on the τ→ℓα production in 3×1 prong tau decays and …

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Causality Analysis Of Disaggregated Fdi Inflows On Sectorial Growth In Oecd Area, Lawrence Ogbeifun, Olatunji Abdul Shobande Dec 2020

Causality Analysis Of Disaggregated Fdi Inflows On Sectorial Growth In Oecd Area, Lawrence Ogbeifun, Olatunji Abdul Shobande

Faculty and Student Publications

This article revisits the link between disaggregated Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and sectorial growth using the panel dataset of 25 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the period 1990 to 2017. It adopted the panel fixed effect and Feasible Generalized Least Squares Approach in its analysis. The findings show that disaggregated FDI inflows have the potential to improve growth in the OECD area with adverse effects on domestic investment and inflationary pressure. Additionally, the results further indicate that disaggregated FDI inflows have a positive and significant relationship on the service and manufacturing sector but with no …

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Can Increasing Years Of Schooling Reduce Type 2 Diabetes (T2d)?: Evidence From A Mendelian Randomization Of T2d And 10 Of Its Risk Factors, Charleen D. Adams, Brian B. Boutwell Dec 2020

Can Increasing Years Of Schooling Reduce Type 2 Diabetes (T2d)?: Evidence From A Mendelian Randomization Of T2d And 10 Of Its Risk Factors, Charleen D. Adams, Brian B. Boutwell

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). A focus in recent decades has involved examining the potential causal impact of educational attainment (schooling years) on a variety of disease and life-expectancy outcomes. Numerous studies have broadly revealed a link suggesting that as years of formal schooling increase so too does health and wellbeing; however, it is unclear whether the associations are causal. Here we use Mendelian randomization, an instrumental variables technique, with a two-sample design, to probe whether more years of schooling are causally linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 of its attendant risk factors. The results revealed a protective effect …

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A Mendelian Randomization Study Of Telomere Length And Blood-Cell Traits, Charleen D. Adams, Brian B. Boutwell Dec 2020

A Mendelian Randomization Study Of Telomere Length And Blood-Cell Traits, Charleen D. Adams, Brian B. Boutwell

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Whether telomere attrition reducing proliferative reserve in blood-cell progenitors is causal has important public-health implications. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an analytic technique using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables. If certain assumptions are met, estimates from MR should be free from most environmental sources of confounding and reverse causation. Here, two-sample MR is performed to test whether longer telomeres cause changes to hematological traits. Summary statistics for genetic variants strongly associated with telomere length were extracted from a genome-wide association (GWA) study for telomere length in individuals of European ancestry (n = 9190) and from GWA …

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Gender In The Time Of Covid-19: Evaluating National Leadership And Covid-19 Fatalities, Leah C. Windsor, Gina Yannitell Reinhardt, Alistair J. Windsor, Robert Ostergard, Susan Allen, Courtney Burns, Jarod Giger, Reed Wood Dec 2020

Gender In The Time Of Covid-19: Evaluating National Leadership And Covid-19 Fatalities, Leah C. Windsor, Gina Yannitell Reinhardt, Alistair J. Windsor, Robert Ostergard, Susan Allen, Courtney Burns, Jarod Giger, Reed Wood

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 Windsor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. In this paper we explore whether countries led by women have fared better during the COVID-19 pandemic than those led by men. Media and public health officials have lauded the perceived gender-related influence on policies and strategies for reducing the deleterious effects of the pandemic. We examine this proposition by analyzing COVID-19-related deaths globally across countries led by men and women. …

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Search For Transitions From (4s) And (5s) To Ηb (1s) And Ηb (2s) With Emission Of An Ω Meson, P. Oskin, R. Mizuk, H. Aihara, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, L. Cao, D. Červenkov, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, H. E. Cho, K. Cho, S. K. Choi, Y. Choi Nov 2020

Search For Transitions From (4s) And (5s) To Ηb (1s) And Ηb (2s) With Emission Of An Ω Meson, P. Oskin, R. Mizuk, H. Aihara, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, G. Bonvicini, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, L. Cao, D. Červenkov, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, H. E. Cho, K. Cho, S. K. Choi, Y. Choi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 authors. Using data collected in the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider we search for transitions (4S)→ηb(1S)ω, (5S)→ηb(1S)ω and (5S)→ηb(2S)ω. No significant signals are observed and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding visible cross sections: 0.2 pb, 0.4 pb and 1.9 pb, respectively.

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Discovery Of A Remarkable Methyl Shift Effect In The Vanilloid Activity Of Triterpene Amides, Rosa Maria Vitale, Cristina Avonto, Danilo Del Prete, Aniello Schiano Moriello Nov 2020

Discovery Of A Remarkable Methyl Shift Effect In The Vanilloid Activity Of Triterpene Amides, Rosa Maria Vitale, Cristina Avonto, Danilo Del Prete, Aniello Schiano Moriello

Faculty and Student Publications

As part of a study on triterpenoid conjugates, the dietary pentacyclic triterpenoids oleanolic (2a) and ursolic acids (3a) were coupled with vanillamine, and the resulting amides (2b and 3b, respectively) were assayed for activity on the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. Despite a structural difference limited to the location of a methyl group in their conformationally rigid pentacyclic core, oleanoloyl vanillamide dramatically outperformed ursoloyl vanillamide in terms of potency (EC50 = 35 ± 2 nM for 2b and 5.4 ± 2.3 μM for 3b). Using molecular docking and dynamics, this difference was translated into distinct accommodation modes at the TRPV1 vanillyl ligand …

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Selective Interactions Of O-Methylated Flavonoid Natural Products With Human Monoamine Oxidase-A And -B, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Jacob Midiwo, Pankaj Pandey, Regina N. Bwire, Robert J. Doerksen, Ilias Muhammad, Babu L. Tekwani Nov 2020

Selective Interactions Of O-Methylated Flavonoid Natural Products With Human Monoamine Oxidase-A And -B, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Jacob Midiwo, Pankaj Pandey, Regina N. Bwire, Robert J. Doerksen, Ilias Muhammad, Babu L. Tekwani

Faculty and Student Publications

A set of structurally related O-methylated flavonoid natural products isolated from Senecio roseiflorus (1), Polygonum senegalense (2 and 3), Bhaphia macrocalyx (4), Gardenia ternifolia (5), and Psiadia punctulata (6) plant species were characterized for their interaction with human monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and -B) in vitro. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed selective inhibition of MAO-A, while 4 and 6 showed selective inhibition of MAO-B. Compound 3 showed ~2-fold selectivity towards inhibition of MAO-A. Binding of compounds 1-3 and 5 with MAO-A, and compounds 3 and 6 with MAO-B was reversible and not time-independent. The analysis of enzyme-inhibition kinetics suggested a …

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Redox-Responsive Nanoplatform For Codelivery Of Mir-519c And Gemcitabine For Pancreatic Cancer Therapy, Xiaofei Xin, Virender Kumar, Feng Lin, Vinod Kumar, Rajan Bhattarai, Vijaya R. Bhatt, Chalet Tan, Ram I. Mahato Nov 2020

Redox-Responsive Nanoplatform For Codelivery Of Mir-519c And Gemcitabine For Pancreatic Cancer Therapy, Xiaofei Xin, Virender Kumar, Feng Lin, Vinod Kumar, Rajan Bhattarai, Vijaya R. Bhatt, Chalet Tan, Ram I. Mahato

Faculty and Student Publications

Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved. Desmoplastic and hypoxic pancreatic cancer microenvironment induces aberrant expression of miRNAs and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) responsible for gemcitabine (GEM) resistance. We demonstrated that miR-519c was down-regulated in pancreatic cancer and transfection of miR-519c in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells inhibited HIF-1α level under hypoxia. We synthesized redox-sensitive mPEG-co-P(Asp)-g-DC-g-S-S-GEM polymer, with GEM payload of 14% (w/w) and 90% GEM release upon incubation with l-glutathione. We synthesized mPEGco- P(Asp)-g-TEPA-g-DC for complex formation with miRNA. Chemical modification of miR-519c with 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate (OMe-PS) at 3' end enhanced its stability and activity without being immunogenic. Epidermal growth …

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Smart Snacks In Universities: Possibilities For University Vending, Georgianna Mann, Laurel Greenway Lambert, Kritika Gupta, Megan Partacz Nov 2020

Smart Snacks In Universities: Possibilities For University Vending, Georgianna Mann, Laurel Greenway Lambert, Kritika Gupta, Megan Partacz

Faculty and Student Publications

Background:The study goal was to evaluate the nutritional impact of a healthy snack intervention on a southern university campus. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted during the fall 2017 semester weekly for 14 weeks in a large southern U.S. university. For the intervention, half of vending snacks in four campus residential halls (housing from 216 to 361 students) were substituted with snacks complying with federal Smart Snacks in School nutrition standards for K-12 schools. For analysis, data from the Nutrition Facts labels of 14 vending machines or from manufacturer's websites was collected by trained graduate and undergraduate researchers. Results: On …

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Aquatic Beetles Influence Colonization Of Disparate Taxa In Small Lentic Systems, Matthew R. Pintar, William J. Resetarits Nov 2020

Aquatic Beetles Influence Colonization Of Disparate Taxa In Small Lentic Systems, Matthew R. Pintar, William J. Resetarits

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Structure of natural communities is shaped by both abiotic characteristics and the ongoing processes of community assembly. Important to this process are the habitat selection behaviors and subsequent survival of colonists, both in the context of temporal changes in the abiotic characteristics and priority effects driven by earlier colonists. Aquatic beetles are prevalent in temporary freshwater systems, form speciose assemblages, and are often early colonists of temporary ponds. While beetles have the potential to influence community structure through post-colonization interactions (predation and competition), our goal was …

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Floristic Changes In The Understory Vegetation Of Mixed Temperate New England Freshwater Island Forests Over A Period Of 33 Years, Marjorie M. Holland, Mark Winkler Nov 2020

Floristic Changes In The Understory Vegetation Of Mixed Temperate New England Freshwater Island Forests Over A Period Of 33 Years, Marjorie M. Holland, Mark Winkler

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. During a 33-year sampling period, we observed species richness and calculated species evenness and Shannon Diversity for understory woody seedlings and herbaceous species on three small islands in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, and noted consistency of dominant plant species over time. Seedlings and herbaceous species were recorded and measured in 25 permanent plots that were created on the three islands in 1978. The understory species data were compiled by frequency and dominance of woody seedlings and herbaceous species. Data from 250 individual quadrats show that species richness more than doubled from …

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Hiv-1 Tat Dysregulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Stress Axis And Potentiates Oxycodone-Mediated Psychomotor And Anxiety-Like Behavior Of Male Mice, Mohammed F. Salahuddin, Fakhri Mahdi, Jason J. Paris Nov 2020

Hiv-1 Tat Dysregulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Stress Axis And Potentiates Oxycodone-Mediated Psychomotor And Anxiety-Like Behavior Of Male Mice, Mohammed F. Salahuddin, Fakhri Mahdi, Jason J. Paris

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with co-morbid affective and stress-sensitive neuropsychiatric disorders that may be related to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. The HPA axis is perturbed in up to 46% of HIV patients, but the mechanisms are not known. The neurotoxic HIV-1 regulatory protein, trans-activator of transcription (Tat), may contribute. We hypothesized that HPA dysregulation may contribute to Tat-mediated interactions with oxycodone, a clinically-used opioid often prescribed to HIV patients. In transgenic male mice, Tat expression produced significantly higher basal corticosterone levels with adrenal insufficiency in response …

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