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Panel 8. Paper 8.1 Tourism, Dams And Greed: Lessons From The Destruction Of A Rural Cultural Landscape In Crete, Carla Chifos

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Four thousand years of shaping the landscape, developing sustainable agricultural practices and products, and forming a symbiotic relationship with ecological systems in the Aposelemis Valley of Crete has been disrupted due to the building of a large dam in the heart of that landscape. The politics and decision-making that resulted in the building and implementation of this dam are already documented and analyzed in a recent paper (Chifos, et al, 2019). This paper re-examines what happened in this Valley from the perspective of the cultural/heritage advocates and where the barriers to protecting and maintaining this landscape were and still are. …

Efficacy Of Gain Index In Predicting The Economic Impacts Of Climate Change To Tourism Receipts In The Mediterranean Basin, Tarik Dogru, Umit Bulut, Ercan (Sirakaya) Turk

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

This study tests the efficacy of Global Adaptation Institute (GAIN) Index, which summarizes a country's vulnerability to climate change and its readiness to improve resilience, in estimating the economic impacts of climate change to tourism. We employ panel cointegration and panel DOLS methods for sixteen countries (Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia and Turkey) that have a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. The results indicate that there is a cointegration relation in the model, and tourist arrivals depend negatively on vulnerability and economic readiness and depend positively on governances …

Spatial Analysis Of Poverty, Tourism, And Opportunity In North Carolina, Yuchen Mao, Duarte B. Morais, Gene Brothers, Gene Nichol, Heather Ann Hunt

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

This study collected online secondary data in terms of tourism economic impact, human development, natural amenities, and self-employment income at the county level in the State of North Carolina and used GIS to conduct a spatial analysis of the distribution of and the interaction between tourism, poverty, and micro-entrepreneurship. It is aimed at identifying the areas where tourism( can( be( utilized( to( cope( with( poverty( by( creating( employment( and( tax( revenues(and(where(tourism(micro8entrepreneurship(might(have(an(important(role(in(enabling( individuals( to( earn( their( way( to( equitable( and( sustainable( prosperity.( ( The results show variations across the counties and the four geographic regions in North Carolina. Tourism business startup …

Hotelier Attitudes Toward Sustainability In Virginia Beach, Rachel Burrows, Dr. Samantha Rozier Rich

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

This study examined Virginia Beach hoteliers’ knowledge surrounding sustainable tourism, awareness of sustainable programs offered both on the local and national levels, and evaluation of the current sustainable programs available in Virginia Beach. The Virginia Beach Convention & Visitors Bureau distributed a sustainability-focused survey to the General Managers of all hotels in Virginia Beach city limits. With the various programs available and limited success to this point, it is imperative to get hoteliers involved in order to continue to work toward Virginia Beach’s vision of being a sustainable destination. In order for Virginia Beach to continue to position itself as …

Capacity Building And Institutional Development Partnership: University Of Florida And Tshwane University Of Technology, South Africa, Brijesh Thapa, Lori Pennington-Gray, Sandra Russo, Eric Friedheim, Sue Geldenhuys, Willie Coetzee

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

Capacity building and institutional development through training is a key component for the vitality and sustainability of the tourism industry in South Africa. The overall advancement of qualified, trained and skilled labor force is crucial, given the rate of growth and future trends. In order to address this major need, the University of Florida and Tshwane University of Technology have formulated a three-year partnership (2009-2012) to strengthen curriculum, research, and faculty enhancement initiatives in tourism management in South Africa. This presentation will outline and expand the partnership objectives and accomplishments. This example can be a model for international academic partnerships.

The Financing Activities Of Canadian Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Tourism Industries, Andrea K. Pierce

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

Though there has been substantial research on small and medium sized enterprises in tourism, information on access to financing for these businesses is limited. Given the importance of financing to the success and growth of a business, this report investigates the financing activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in tourism industries and assesses whether this group of SMEs faces unique financing obstacles. Using data from Statistics Canada’s, Survey on Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises, this report finds that Canadian SMEs in tourism industries, although less likely to request external financing, were significantly less likely to be approved for …

Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment For Historical Sites - Isfahan Emam Mosque, Naser Aminian, Shahrzad Khodayar

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

Isfahan as cultural capital of Islamic world is the most important tourism destination in Middle East and a profitable economic sector in Iran. Naghsh-E Jahan Square (Emam Square) was certified as a World Heritage Site in 1979. Among the tourist sites in Naghsh-E Jahan Square, Emam mosque is a place which attracts the largest number of visitors. The unplanned tourism activities, daily prayer and religious events in this site have been creating various physical and social concerns. If appropriate planning measurements are not derived from the consideration of the carrying capacities of this site, tourism center will be overloaded, tourism …

Examining An Opportunity For Collaboration Among Stakeholders To Promote Conservation In Sea Turtle Tourism In Gili Trawangan, Lombok, Indonesia, Allison Mccabe

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

This study focuses on sustainable sea turtle tourism development in small islands, focusing on a case study on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. All species of sea turtles are globally endangered, largely due to impacts of unsustainable tourism development. Gili Trawangan is an island dependent upon a flourishing marine tourism industry. It is crucial to determine stakeholder perspectives to reveal barriers and influences in tourism development to help promote sea turtle conservation and protect the livelihoods of local communities. The study was conducted in 2010 to examine an opportunity for stakeholder collaboration to promote conservation in sea turtle tourism. The study applied …

Paradox, Metaphor, And Practice: Serious Complaints And The Tourism Industry, Adam Weaver

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

This paper addresses both paradoxes and metaphors within the context of a study that examines serious complaints within the tourism industry. A series of paradoxes were identified when a collection of published complaints from the magazine Condé Nast Traveler were analyzed. It is proposed that metaphors derived from the domain(s) of tourism and mobility may offer some insight into the way in which these paradoxes can be managed. The field(s) of tourism and mobility studies may therefore be a potential source of ideas – and offer some guidance – for those seeking to approach the quandaries created by paradoxes in …

The Influence Of Mindfulness On Tourists’ Emotions, Satisfaction And Destination Loyalty In Fiji, Simon D. Rubin, Woojin Lee, Cody Morris Paris, Victor Teye

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

Positive tourist experiences are crucial for the continued success of tourist destinations around the world. In the literature, mindfulness theory has emerged as a vehicle for studying the factors that influence tourist experiences (e.g. Moscardo, 1996). The purpose of this study is to test an adapted mindfulness model using data from a survey of tourists in Fiji. Hypothesized relationships were examined between: (1) the antecedent concepts to mindfulness (novelty seeking motivation and mindful oriented services) and mindfulness, (2) mindfulness and tourists’ emotions, and (3) the influence of tourists’ emotions on tourists’ satisfaction and destination loyalty. The results indicate a good …

International Visitors’ Personal Involvement Levels A Factor-Cluster Segmentation Analysis, Girish Prayag, Frederic Dimanche

Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally

Involvement, a widespread concept in marketing, leisure and recreation, has played a more limited role in tourism studies. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of visitors’ personal and trip characteristics on the involvement dimensions in a tourism context, thereby offering a segmentation perspective of visitors’ involvement levels. The Involvement Profile scale was administered to 1000 international visitors in Mauritius at various beach resorts. The importance and pleasure dimensions merged to form the attraction dimension while risk probability items loaded as per the original scale. The results confirm the existence of different visitor groups based on involvement, …

A Study Of The Impact Of Tourism Economic And Non-Economic Benefits On Residents' Pro-Environmental Behaviors In Community-Based Ecotourism, Jingyan Liu, Hailin Qu, Danyu Huang, Nan Sun, Xinyuan Zhao

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

A survey was conducted on 362 residents of a classical ecotourism destination in China to explore the impacts of both tourism economic and non-economic benefits on residents’ pro-environmental behaviors. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that tourism economic and non-economic benefits impacted on residents’ pro-environmental behaviors through perceived positive tourism impact as a mediator. These findings enriched literatures in ecotourism and had managerial value for the practitioners in domestic ecotourism community.

Learning Outcomes Of Intergenerational Service Learning: A Case Study Of Event Tourism Students In A Midwest College, Carina King, Jinmoo Heo, Joong-Won Lee, Hyung-Min Kim

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

Student learning outcomes have been investigated across disciplines and the topics range from openness to diversity (Pascarella, Edison, Hagedorn, Nora, & Terenzini, 1996) to responsibility for improving society (Nelson Laird, Engberg, & Hurtado, 2005). Relatively little research has been done on student learning outcomes in the management of sporting events such as the Senior Games. The purpose of the study was to investigate the specific learning outcomes of intergenerational learning of undergraduate event tourism majors. 116 reflection papers were analyzed via qualitative content analysis. The two major themes identified were developing intergenerational relationships, and role modeling and personal development.

Food Image, Satisfation And Behaviorall Intentions: The Case Of Malaysia's Portugese Cuisine, Muhammad Shahrim Ab Karim, Chua Bee Lia, Razif Aman, Mohiddin Othman, Hamdin Salleh

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate Malaysians’ perceived image, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions toward Malacca Portuguese cuisine. Self-administered questionnaire were distributed to customers who were dining at the Portuguese restaurant. A total of 187 respondents were participated in the study. The ‘quality’ and ‘variety and authenticity’ have been recognized as the essential images of Malaysia’s Portuguese cuisine. On the other hand, the respondents were satisfied with the ‘core value’ and ‘food choices’ of the Portuguese cuisine. Regression analyses showed that Portuguese food attribute satisfaction was significantly predicted overall satisfaction, and the overall satisfaction revealed significant relationship with …

The Influence Of Geographical Distance Groups (Gdgs) On Visitor’S Information Sources And Motivations In Local Festival Settings, Kwang-Ho Lee, Dae-Young Kim

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

As an empirical study, a correspondence analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between geographical distance groups (GDGs) and (1) information sources, and (2) visitors’ motivation within the context of local festivals. A binary logistic analysis was then employed to identify the probability of higher satisfaction influenced by information sources, GDGs, and visitors’ motivations at local festivals. The results show that visitors’ information sources and motivations vary depending on GDGs. The study also reveals that information sources (i.e., TV and Word of Mouth) and GDGs are significant in predicting the likelihood of visitors’ higher satisfaction. The conclusions, implications and limitations …

Understanding Culinary Tourists: Segmentations Based On Past Culinary Experiences And Attitudes Toward Food-Related Behaviour, Dongkoo Yun, Sean M. Hennessey, Roberta Macdonald

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

This study segments the market for culinary tourists using two approaches. The first uses a combination of the level of participation in culinary experiences and food-related activities as prime motivators and results in four distinct segments (deliberate, opportunistic, accidental, and uninterested culinary tourists). The second is based on attitudes toward food-related behaviors at home and when traveling and three culinary tourist groups are highlighted (culinary-balanced, culinary-oriented, and familiarity-oriented tourists). In addition, this study compares differences and identifies the relationships between the two methods of segmenting culinary tourists. Findings indicate that a strong relationships exists between attitudes and behaviors, and suggest …

Investigate The Effectiveness Of Destination Websites From A New Angle: Processing Fluency, Liang(Rebecca) Tang, Soocheong (Shawn) Jang

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

This study applies processing fluency theory to the investigation of its effectiveness in the use of destination websites. Processing fluency reveals processes and manipulations occurring at different levels. It can be described as the ease with which externally presented stimuli (i.e., destination websites presented to users) are processed. The study investigates the impacts of four primary website features (information quality, ease of use, interactivity, and visual attractiveness) on processing fluency in the use of destination websites. The results indicate that information quality has the most impact on processing fluency, followed by ease of use, and interactivity. The study provides an …

“Green Hoops” A Hit, Or Miss? An Examination Of Eco-Sustainability Of Nba Arenas As An Attendance Motivator For Fans, James Brian Aday, Kelly Virginia Phelan

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

This paper examines the relationships between 252 NBA fans in the Southwest region of the United States, their attitudes and feelings towards eco-sustainable travel practices, and environmental protection initiatives of NBA arenas. While tourists may indicate they are environmentally-conscious in their personal lives, research scrutinizing the extent to which these habits are applied during travel will be valuable to businesses seeking to identify themselves as eco-sustainable. Furthermore, this study will help to ascertain whether tourists seek out environmentally-friendly hotels and restaurants, or whether these entities are viewed as simply a convenience while traveling.

Examining Travel Motivations Of Visitors Attending A Professional Golf Tournament, John P. Salazar, Sean Barth, Bob Brookover, Charlie Calvert

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

Abstract A survey was developed to identify the level of importance of 12 specific golf tournament characteristics and destination attributes when deciding to book a spectator sporting event vacation. Of the 12 attributes, the field of professional golfers was very important. However, location, fun atmosphere, timing, cost, travel distance, accommodation options, and dining options were slightly important. The attributes could be categorized according to two categories: (1) non tournament destination characteristics, and (2) tourism destination characteristics. Lastly, visitors that played golf during the tournament week viewed certain attributes as more important when compared to non-golfing visitors.

Trust Transfer Effects On Values And Attitudes Toward China And The Shanghai Expo 2010, Soon-Ho Kim, Yong-Ki Lee, Choong-Ki Lee, Stephen Holland

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

Despite the increasing popularity of events, the application of trust transfer concepts has yet to be investigated. Linking trust transfer, values, attitude, and behavioral intentions in a theoretical model, this study employs an on-site survey of visitors attending 2010 Shanghai World Expo to test the theory. The results suggest that positive emotional values attributed to the Expo were associated with positive emotions toward China. In addition, positive perceptions of functional values of the Expo carried over to improved perceived functional and emotional perceptions of China and positive attitudes towards the Expo.

Environmental Attitudes, Motivation, And Attachment: Toward A Model Of Nature-Based Tourism, Nathaniel Line, Wanda Costen

International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track

As research in the field of nature-based tourism (NBT) continues to expand, researchers are increasingly adapting constructs such as attitudes, motivation, and attachment to capture the unique behavior associated with the visitation of natural areas. Unfortunately, the relationships among these constructs are not well understood. In order to facilitate a better understanding of these constructs as they apply to NBT, our research proposes and empirically tests a theoretically-based model of NBT behavior whereby NBT motivation mediates the relationship between environmental attitudes and place attachment. Results of the analyses are presented followed by a discussion of important findings and implications.

Benefits Of Emptu Promises: Ecotourism And Local Communities, Tamara R.O. Hewlett, Sarah Nicholls

National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium

Abstract

Recent tourism trends have included a shift from traditional packaged tours towards more ecologically-minded and sustainable models, often called ecotourism. Ecotourism is the fastest growing form of international tourism, averaging a 20% growth rate per year since 1990 (www.Ecotourism.org 2006). Ecotourism has been treated by many as a panacea to balance the needs of development and conservation. This case study examines a community-based ecotourism project in rural Chi Phat, Cambodia, assessing whether tourism is delivering on its promise to provide development and conservation benefits. Utilizing open-ended interviews and secondary survey data, the case study examines three issues: community members’ …

Family Travel Experiences When One Member Has A Developmental Disability, Holly Bosley Perry, Mary Kozub

National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium

Abstract

This paper presents initial findings from an investigation into the travel experiences of families where one family member has a developmental disability. In order to gain in-depth information on the subject, a survey and a small group interview were conducted with attendees at an international conference for family members of individuals with developmental disabilities. During the interviews, informants described their experiences of traveling with their family member with a developmental disability. Family members’ disabilities included Autism Spectrum Disorders and Down syndrome. Key themes and concepts that emerged included: preparations for travel, family members’ responses to travel, and family needs …

The Potential Of Hospitality Industry Development In Frontier Communities, Francisco Cordero, Nancy Cordero, Lynn Huffman, Jaime Malaga, Rebekka Dudensing

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

The Potential of Hospitality Industry Development in Frontier Communities

Francisco J. Cordero

Hospitality Administration

Texas Tech University

and

Nancy Cordero

Hospitality Administration

Texas Tech University

and

Lynn Huffman, Ph.D.

Human Sciences

Texas Tech University

and

Jaime Malaga, Ph.D.

Agricultural Economics

Texas Tech University

and

Rebekka Dudensing, Ph.D.

Department of Agriculture Economics

Texas A&M University

ABSTRACT

This poster displays the need for hospitality services in rural areas and the potential development of additional industries in remote Texas locations. The economic impact of travel spending in rural and urban areas in the State of Texas is being studied in order to identify …

Recruiter Perceptions Of Hospitality Career Fairs, Susan E. Gordon, Howard Adler

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

The study examined the experience of recruiters from companies in the hospitality and tourism industry who attended an annual university career fair sponsored by a hotel and tourism department. The purpose of the study was to ascertain recruiter perception of the value of attending career fairs as a component of their companies’ recruiting strategy. Questionnaires were completed by recruiters attending the annual career fair. Survey results are expected to show that recruiters perceive overall career fairs are important to their companies’ recruiting strategies and therefore, a valuable use of their time.

Tourism: A Tool For Biodiversity Conservation In The Cape Horn Region, Nancy B. Kidder

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

This study proposes the applicability of tourism as a tool for biodiversity conservation in the Cape Horn region of Chile. This region is known for its unique cultural and biophysical features; therefore, the applicability of effective tourism practices can lead to the protection of species while also protecting areas that tourists want to see. Emphasis is placed on the involvement of the local Yaghan community due to their strong cultural and historical ties to the area and their ecological knowledge of the region. The goal of tourism practices in this region is to incorporate tourism to further the conservation of …

An Examination Of Information Services And Smartphone Applications, Dan Wang, Sangwon Park, Daniel Fesenmaier

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

In recent years, smartphone applications have emerged as a new tool helping travelers create experiences. Considering the potential impact of the smart phones and smart phone apps, it is posited that is extremely important to understand how the mobile applications enable travelers to construct their travel experience. To achieve this goal, the first step is to understand the nature (i.e., number and range of funcations) of apps available for smartphones. Through the content analysis of basic information of iPhone applications, this study identified a wide variety of information services enable smartphones to break the spacious and temporal limitations to facilitate …

Measuring Resident Attitudes Towards Voluntourism: An Analysis Of The Social Exchange Theory (Set), Nancy B. Kidder

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of “voluntourism” and its applicability as an alternative form of tourism due to its ability to combine recreational activities with service and learning. The location and proximity of a local community to tourism practices affect the way in which the community perceives the effects of voluntourism as a whole, which is why importance is placed on the residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards voluntourism through an analysis incorporating the Social Exchange Theory (SET). This study will focus on the perceptions of residents living on Andaman Island in Thailand, an area that …

Drivers And Thresholds For Protected Area Tourism In Costa Rica: Exploring A Socio-Ecological Systems Approach, Nancy B. Kidder

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

This study proposes a novel approach to examine the applicability of resilience thinking and its framework to an emergent area of study there is currently little research available. The ability to examine the drivers and slow changing variables affecting the resilience of tourism in Costa Rica's Guayabo National Monument allows for the opportunity to recognize and work with changes in a complex system while taking advantage of emergent systems thinking from a socio-ecological perspective. Focus on the importance of drivers and thresholds affecting a protected area are further reviewed in order to analyze the resilience of protected area tourism from …

The Gay Gap – Are Gay And Lesbian Hotel Guests Getting What They Want?, Orie Berezan, Carola Raab, Curtis Love

Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism

The past decade has seen a surge in commercial efforts to attract the gay market, and this is evident in the hotel industry. The question remains, however, what does it take to become a truly gay friendly hotel? Do hoteliers know how to effectively target this market by offering features that are gay friendly? Is the perception of what is gay friendly the same for hotels and gay guests, or does a listening gap exist? Through gap analysis, this study looks at what hospitality managers know about their gay guests. By considering both service providers’ and gay guests’ perspectives (analyzing …