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A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate, Ezgi Özcan, Jiadong Sun, David C. Rowley, David A. Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Commensal bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and catabolize glycans that are impervious to host digestion. Accordingly, Bifidobacterium longum typically secretes acetate and lactate as fermentative end products. This study tested the hypothesis that B. longum utilizes cranberry-derived xyloglucans in a strain-dependent manner. Interestingly, the B. longum strain that efficiently utilizes cranberry xyloglucans secretes 2.0 to 2.5 mol of acetate-lactate. The 1.5 acetate:lactate ratio theoretical yield obtained in hexose fermentations shifts during xyloglucan metabolism. Accordingly, this metabolic shift is characterized by increased acetate and formate production at the expense of lactate. α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, an arabinan endo-1,5-α-L-arabinosidase, and a β-xylosidase with a …

An Integrated Methodology For Assessing The Impact Of Food Matrix And Gastrointestinal Effects On The Biokinetics And Cellular Toxicity Of Ingested Engineered Nanomaterials, Glen M. Deloid, Yanli Wang, Klara Kapronezai, Laura Rubio Lorente, Roujie Zhang, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Nagarjun V. Konduru, Maria Ericsson, Jason C. White, Roberto De La Torre-Roche, Hang Xiao, David Julian Mcclements, Philip Demokritou

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Background

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly added to foods to improve their quality, sensory appeal, safety and shelf-life. Human exposure to these ingested ENMs (iENMS) is inevitable, yet little is known of their hazards. To assess potential hazards, efficient in vitro methodologies are needed to evaluate particle biokinetics and toxicity. These methodologies must account for interactions and transformations of iENMs in foods (food matrix effect) and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that are likely to determine nano-biointeractions. Here we report the development and application of an integrated methodology consisting of three interconnected stages: 1) assessment of iENM-food interactions (food matrix …

Food-Grade Cationic Antimicrobial Ε-Polylysine Transiently Alters The Gut Microbial Community And Predicted Metagenome Function In Cd-1 Mice, Xiaomeng You, Jonah E. Einson, Cynthia Lyliam Lopez-Pena, Mingyue Song, Hang Xiao, David Julian Mcclements, David Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Diet is an important factor influencing the composition and function of the gut microbiome, but the effect of antimicrobial agents present within foods is currently not understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the food-grade cationic antimicrobial ε-polylysine on the gut microbiome structure and predicted metagenomic function in a mouse model. The relative abundances of predominant phyla and genera, as well as the overall community structure, were perturbed in response to the incorporation of dietary ε-polylysine. Unexpectedly, this modification to the gut microbiome was experienced transiently and resolved to the initial basal composition at the final sampling point. …