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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
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Age-Related Changes In Corticospinal Drive During Locomotor Adaptation, Sumire D. Sato
Age-Related Changes In Corticospinal Drive During Locomotor Adaptation, Sumire D. Sato
Doctoral Dissertations
During activities of daily living, locomotor patterns must be continuously adapted according to changes in our body (e.g., bodily injuries, fatigue) and to the changing environment (e.g., walking surface). Plasticity of spinal networks and supraspinal centers, including the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, have been shown to play important roles in human locomotor adaptation. However, the neural control of locomotion and the ability to adapt locomotor patterns are altered in older adults, which may limit activities of daily living and increase fall-related injuries in the elderly population. My dissertation project is focused on understanding the role of corticospinal drive during split-belt …
Bioenergetic Mechanisms Of Age-Related Differences In Muscle Fatigue, Liam F. Fitzgerald
Bioenergetic Mechanisms Of Age-Related Differences In Muscle Fatigue, Liam F. Fitzgerald
Doctoral Dissertations
Muscle fatigue is defined as the reduced capacity to produce torque or power in response to contractile activity. Previous work has observed greater fatigue in older than young adults in response to high-velocity contractions, but similar fatigue with age in response to moderate-velocity contractions. The mechanisms for these age-related differences is not clear. One potential explanation is a greater accumulation of putative agents of fatigue (e.g., Pi, H2PO4-, and H+) in older than young muscle during high- but not moderate-velocity contractions. Older muscle may accumulate these metabolites to greater extent because of deficits …
Emotional Response To Negative Mood Induction In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Cognitively-Intact Older Adults, Gennarina Diane Santorelli
Emotional Response To Negative Mood Induction In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Cognitively-Intact Older Adults, Gennarina Diane Santorelli
Doctoral Dissertations
Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) report greater rates of psychiatric symptoms than cognitively-intact older persons. This may be associated with emotion dysregulation, which is prevalent in cognitively-impaired populations. No research to date has investigated responses to emotionally-provocative stimuli in persons with MCI. Aim 1 of this study determined differences in emotional reactivity to and recovery from negative mood induction in older persons with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and cognitively-healthy older adults. Moreover, emotion dysfunction in MCI may be linked to impairment in executive function (EF), a common feature of MCI. Theoretical models postulate that EF is essential to the …
Aging-In-Community: The Influence Of Social Capital On Accessory-Dwelling Unit Access And Utilization Among Older Americans, Travis M. Gagen
Aging-In-Community: The Influence Of Social Capital On Accessory-Dwelling Unit Access And Utilization Among Older Americans, Travis M. Gagen
Doctoral Dissertations
Accessory-Dwelling Units (ADUs) are one form of the built-environment in which the field of public health law can intervene to improve population aging. Modifying the built-environment to incorporate ADUs allows older adults to utilize a higher level of smart home technologies (SHT) to age-in-community. Under Massachusetts law MGL c. 40A, the state gives authority to cities and towns to adopt ordinances and bylaws to regulate the use of land, buildings and structures. A mixed-methods research design was used to examine the access and utilization of ADU and SHT among older adults. Of the 351 Massachusetts town and cities, 66.5% were …
Hearing And Seeing A Speaker: How Perceptual And Cognitive Factors Modulate The Dynamics Of Audiovisual Speech Perception, Elina Kaplan
Hearing And Seeing A Speaker: How Perceptual And Cognitive Factors Modulate The Dynamics Of Audiovisual Speech Perception, Elina Kaplan
Doctoral Dissertations
In face-to-face conversations, listeners process and combine speech information obtained from hearing and seeing the speaker talk. Audiovisual speech typically leads to more robust recognition of speech, as it provides more information for recognition but also as it helps listeners adjust to speaker idiosyncrasies. The goal of the current thesis was to examine how certain perceptual and cognitive factors modulate how listeners use visual speech to facilitate momentary speech perception and to adjust to a speaker’s idiosyncrasies. Results showed that (older) listeners’ sensitivity to cross-modal synchrony is related to the size of the audiovisual interactions during early perceptual processing. Furthermore, …
The Effect Of Social Networks On Self-Care Behaviors And Health Outcomes Among Older People Living With Multiple Chronic Conditions, Raeann G. Leblanc
The Effect Of Social Networks On Self-Care Behaviors And Health Outcomes Among Older People Living With Multiple Chronic Conditions, Raeann G. Leblanc
Doctoral Dissertations
Background: Older adults are the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States. By 2030, 72.1 million Americans will be over sixty-five years of age and many live with and manage multiple chronic conditions. Self-care behaviors are a priority to effectively manage chronic conditions, yet a gap exists in our understanding of how social networks influence the outcomes of self-care behavior and health within the context of aging and managing multiple chronic conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how social network features and functions influence self-care behaviors and health among community dwelling older adults …
A Living Model For Obesity And Aging Research: Caenorhabditis Elegans, Peiyi Shen
A Living Model For Obesity And Aging Research: Caenorhabditis Elegans, Peiyi Shen
Doctoral Dissertations
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a free-living nematode that has been extensively utilized as an animal model for the research involving aging and neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer and Parkinson, etc. Compared with the traditional animal models, this nematode possesses many benefits, such as small body size, short lifespan, complete sequenced genome and more than 65% of the genes associated with human diseases. All these characteristics enable this organism to be an ideal living system for obesity and aging studies. Piceatannol is a natural stilbene with many beneficial effects, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic activities, however, its role on …
Effects Of Aging On Sleep-Dependent Consolidation Of Declarative Memory, Bengi Baran
Effects Of Aging On Sleep-Dependent Consolidation Of Declarative Memory, Bengi Baran
Doctoral Dissertations
Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation. However, aging is associated with changes in sleep architecture and memory impairments. The goal of the present study was to identify age-related changes in the memory function of sleep by investigating sleep-dependent changes in neural activation patterns during memory retrieval in young and older adults. Healthy young (21-29 years) and older (62-74 years) adults were trained on a declarative word-pair learning task. Recall was tested 5 hr later while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants completed this testing procedure twice, separated by 1 week; once following a mid-day nap and once …