Digital Commons Network^™

Discovery Of Novel, Orally Bioavailable, Antileishmanial Compounds Using Phenotypic Screening, Diana Ortiz, W. Armand Guiguemde, Jared T. Hammill, Angela K. Carrillo, Yizhe Chen, Michele Connelly, Kayla Stalheim, Carolyn Elya, Alex Johnson, Jaeki Min, Anang Shelat, David C. Smithson, Lei Yang, Fangyi Zhu, R. Kiplin Guy, Scott M. Landfear

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that afflicts approximately 12 million people worldwide. There are several limitations to the approved drug therapies for leishmaniasis, including moderate to severe toxicity, growing drug resistance, and the need for extended dosing. Moreover, miltefosine is currently the only orally available drug therapy for this infection. We addressed the pressing need for new therapies by pursuing a two-step phenotypic screen to discover novel, potent, and orally bioavailable antileishmanials. First, we conducted a high-throughput screen (HTS) of roughly 600,000 small molecules for growth inhibition against the promastigote form of the parasite life cycle using the nucleic acid …

An Investigation Of Factors Predicting The Type Of Bladder Antimuscarinics Initiated In Medicare Nursing Homes Residents, Daniela C. Moga, Qishan Wu, Pratik Doshi, Amie J. Goodin

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background: To examine factors predicting type of bladder antimuscarinics (BAM) initiated in nursing home (NH) residents.

Methods: Incident BAM initiators following NH admission were identified by constructing a retrospective cohort from Medicare files and Minimum Data Set (MDS). Participants included all residents 65 years and older admitted in Medicare-certified NH between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008 who were prescribed BAM and had continuous Medicare (Part A, B, and D) enrollment. Patient characteristics, medications, and comorbidities were derived from Medicare enrollment and claims. NH characteristics and health status were derived from MDS assessments. The outcome was defined as type …

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Mediates Protease-Activated Receptor 4-Induced Bladder Pain Through Urothelial High Mobility Group Box 1, Fei Ma, Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas, Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, David E. Hunt, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Pedro L. Vera

Physiology Faculty Publications

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates pain although the mechanisms are not well understood. Urothelial activation of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) results in urothelial MIF release, urothelial high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release and bladder pain in mice without bladder inflammation. All three effects are prevented by MIF inhibition while intravesical disulfide HMGB1 alone can induce bladder pain. This study utilizes genetic MIF deletion to determine whether MIF mediates PAR4-induced bladder pain and is upstream of HMGB1-induced bladder pain. Wild type (C57/BL6) and MIF knockout (KO) mice were treated with intravesical PAR4 activating peptide or disulfide HMGB1 and …

Metabolic Dysregulation And Cancer Mortality In A National Cohort Of Blacks And Whites, Tomi Akinyemiju, Justin Xavier Moore, Suzanne Judd, Susan Lakoski, Michael Goodman, Monika M. Safford, Maria Pisu

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: We examined the association between metabolic dysregulation and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of Black and White adults.

Methods: A total of 25,038 Black and White adults were included in the analysis. Metabolic dysregulation was defined in two ways: 1) using the joint harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 2) based on factor analysis of 15 variables characterizing metabolic dysregulation. We estimated hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of MetS and metabolic dysregulation with cancer mortality during follow-up using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: About 46% of Black and 39% of White …

Type 2 Neural Progenitor Cell Activation Drives Reactive Neurogenesis After Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Male Rats, Chelsea Rhea Geil Nickell, Hui Peng, Dayna M. Hayes, Kevin Y. Chen, Justin A. Mcclain, Kimberly Nixon

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Excessive alcohol consumption during adolescence remains a significant health concern as alcohol drinking during adolescence increases the likelihood of an alcohol use disorder in adulthood by fourfold. Binge drinking in adolescence is a particular problem as binge-pattern consumption is the biggest predictor of neurodegeneration from alcohol and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the damaging effects of alcohol. The adolescent hippocampus, in particular, is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced structural and functional effects, including volume and neuron loss. However, hippocampal structure and function may recover with abstinence and, like in adults, a reactive burst in hippocampal neurogenesis in abstinence may contribute to …

Buprenorphine For Medication-Assisted Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder In Pregnancy: Relationship To Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Niraj R. Chavan, Kristin Ashford, Amanda T. Wiggins, Michelle R. Lofwall, Agatha S. Critchfield

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective To examine the relationship between antepartum buprenorphine dose for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) of opioid use disorder (OUD) and incident neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Study Design We performed a prospective cohort study of pregnant women with a singleton gestation diagnosed with OUD and receiving buprenorphine for MAT at a tertiary care academic institution from July 2015 to January 2017. We divided the study cohort into two groups—pregnancies with versus without NOWS. Substance abuse patterns in pregnancy, maternal, and neonatal clinical outcomes were compared.

Results The incidence of NOWS was 31.11% (n = 28/90) in our study cohort. Pregnancies …

Prenatal Opioid Exposure And Intermittent Hypoxemia In Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Assessment, Elie G. Abu Jawdeh, Philip M. Westgate, Amrita Pant, Audra L. Stacy, Divya Mamilla, Aayush Gabrani, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Henrietta S. Bada, Peter J. Giannone

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction: Intermittent hypoxemia (IH) is defined as episodic drops in oxygen saturation (SpO₂). Preterm infants are at increased risk for IH due to their immature respiratory control/apnea of prematurity. The clinical relevance of IH is a relatively new observation with rising evidence linking IH to neonatal morbidities and long-term impairment. Hence, assessing factors that influence IH in preterm infants is imperative. Given the epidemic of opioid misuse in the USA, there is an urgent need to understand the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on neonatal outcomes. Hence, we wanted to assess the relationship between isolated prenatal opioid exposure …

Aligning Leadership Programs With Community Development, Daniel Kahl

Community and Leadership Development

Aligning the content and activities of a leadership program with the intended outcomes for the participants, stakeholders, and broader community is important for several reasons. This publication will help community leaders who oversee a community-based leadership development program to align their leadership development with community development. For community leaders thinking of starting a leadership program, this publication will be a valuable resource for providing focus and identifying desired program content.

Effect Of Hyperchloremia On Acute Kidney Injury In Critically Ill Septic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lenar Yessayan, Javier A. Neyra, Fabrizio Canepa-Escaro, George Vasquez-Rios, Michael Heung, Jerry Yee, Acute Kidney Injury In Critical Illness Study Group

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Hyperchloremia is common in critically ill septic patients. The impact of hyperchloremia on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well studied. We investigated the association between hyperchloremia and AKI within the first 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods: 6490 ICU adult patients admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock were screened for eligibility. Exclusion criteria included: AKI on admission, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 ml/min/1.73 m², chronic renal replacement therapy, absent baseline serum creatinine data, and absent serum chloride data on ICU admission.

Results: A total of 1045 patients were available for …

Effects Of Environmental Enrichment On Self-Administration Of The Short-Acting Opioid Remifentanil In Male Rats, Rebecca S. Hofford, Jonathan J. Chow, Joshua S. Beckmann, Michael T. Bardo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background

Opioid abuse is a major problem around the world. Identifying environmental factors that contribute to opioid abuse and addiction is necessary for decreasing this epidemic. In rodents, environmental enrichment protects against the development of low dose stimulant self-administration, but studies examining the effect of enrichment and isolation (compared to standard housing) on the development of intravenous opioid self-administration have not been conducted. The present study investigated the role of environmental enrichment on self-administration of the short-acting μ-opioid remifentanil.

Methods

Rats were raised in an enriched condition (Enr), standard condition (Std), or isolated condition (Iso) beginning at 21 days of …

Hydroxyurea Differentially Modulates Activator And Repressors Of Γ-Globin Gene In Erythroblasts Of Responsive And Non-Responsive Patients With Sickle Cell Disease In Correlation With Index Of Hydroxyurea Responsiveness, Xingguo Zhu, Tianxiang Hu, Meng Hsuan Ho, Yongchao Wang, Miao Yu, Niren Patel, Wenhu Pi, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, Hongyan Xu, Vadivel Ganapathy, Ferdane Kutlar, Abdullah Kutlar, Dorothy Tuan

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Hydroxyurea (HU), the first of two drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), produces anti-sickling effect by re-activating fetal γ-globin gene to enhance production of fetal hemoglobin. However, approximately 30% of the patients do not respond to HU therapy. The molecular basis of non-responsiveness to HU is not clearly understood. To address this question, we examined HU-induced changes in the RNA and protein levels of transcription factors NF-Y, GATA-1, -2, BCL11A, TR4, MYB and NF-E4 that assemble the γ-globin promoter complex and regulate transcription of γ-globin gene. In erythroblasts cultured …

Heredity, Genetics And Orthodontics: How Much Has This Research Really Helped?, James K. Hartsfield Jr., George Jeryn Jacob, Lorri Ann Morford

Oral Health Science Faculty Publications

Uncovering the genetic factors that correlate with a clinical deviation of previously unknown etiology helps to diminish the unknown variation influencing the phenotype. Clinical studies, particularly those that consider the effects of an appliance or treatment regimen on growth, need to be a part of these types of genetic investigations in the future. While the day-to-day utilization of "testing" for genetic factors is not ready for practice yet, genetic testing for monogenic traits such as Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) and Class III malocclusion is showing more promise as knowledge and technology advances. Although the heterogeneous complexity of such things …

Common Tdp1 Polymorphisms In Relation To Survival Among Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Study From The International Lung Cancer Consortium, Pawadee Lohavanichbutr, Lori C. Sakoda, Christopher I. Amos, Susanne M. Arnold, David C. Christiani, Michael P. A. Davies, John K. Field, Eric B. Haura, Rayjean J Hung, Takashi Kohno, Maria Teresa Landi, Geoffrey Liu, Yi Liu, Michael W. Marcus, Grainne M. O'Kane, Matthew B. Schabath, Kouya Shiraishi, Stacey A. Slone, Adonina Tardón, Ping Yang, Kazushi Yoshida, Ruyang Zhang, Xuchen Zong, Gary E. Goodman, Noel S. Weiss, Chu Chen

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background—DNA topoisomerase inhibitors are commonly used for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) repairs DNA damage caused by this class of drugs and may therefore influence treatment outcome. In this study, we investigated whether common TDP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with overall survival among SCLC patients.

Methods—Two TDP1 SNPs (rs942190 and rs2401863) were analyzed in 890 patients from 10 studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate genotype associations with overall mortality at 36 months postdiagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, race, and tumor stage. …

Revisiting The Applicability Of Adult Early Post-Operative Nausea And Vomiting Risk Factors For The Paediatric Patient: A Prospective Study Using Cotinine Levels In Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomies, Destiny F. Chau, Arundathi Reddy, Patrick Breheny, Anna Rebecca Young, Eric Ashford, Megan Song, Christina Zhang, Tammy Taylor, Abbas Younes, Turaj Vazifedan

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Background and Aims: Post-operative vomiting (POV) in children remains a significant clinical problem. This prospective study aims to investigate the applicability of well-established adult early post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk factors on paediatric POV after adenotonsillectomies under regulated anaesthetic conditions. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 213 children aged 3–10-year-old were enrolled. The participants had pre-operative questionnaires completed, followed protocolised anaesthetic plans and had saliva analysed for cotinine. The primary outcomes were POV as correlated with age, gender, family or personal history of PONV, motion sickness history, opioid use, surgical time, anaesthetic time and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, …

Medicaid Managed Care And The Health Care Utilization Of Foster Children, Makayla Palmer, James Marton, Aaron Yelowitz, Jeffery Talbert

Economics Faculty Publications

A recent trend in state Medicaid programs is the transition of vulnerable populations into Medicaid managed care (MMC) who were initially carved out of such coverage, such as foster children or those with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of the transition of foster children from fee-for-service Medicaid coverage to MMC coverage on outpatient health care utilization. There is very little empirical evidence on the impact of managed care on the health care utilization of foster children because of the recent timing of these transitions as well as challenges associated with finding data sets large …

Influence Of Dietary Salt Knowledge, Perceptions, And Beliefs On Consumption Choices After Stroke In Uganda, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic, Svetlana Pundik, Mark Kaddumukasa, Larry B. Goldstein

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background

Previous research on Uganda's poststroke population revealed that their level of dietary salt knowledge did not lead to healthier consumption choices.

Purpose

Identify barriers and motivators for healthy dietary behaviors and evaluate the understanding of widely accepted salt regulation mechanisms among poststroke patients in Uganda.

Methods

Convergent parallel mixed methods triangulation design comprised a cross-sectional survey (n = 81) and 8 focus group discussions with 7-10 poststroke participants in each group. We assessed participant characteristics and obtained insights into their salt consumption attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge. Qualitative responses were analyzed using an inductive approach with thematic analytic procedures. Relationships …

Bound To The Fire, Kelley Fanto Deetz

Civil Rights

For decades, smiling images of "Aunt Jemima" and other historical and fictional black cooks could be found on various food products and in advertising. Although these images were sanitized and romanticized in American popular culture, they represented the untold stories of enslaved men and women who had a significant impact on the nation's culinary and hospitality traditions, even as they were forced to prepare food for their oppressors.

Kelley Fanto Deetz draws upon archaeological evidence, cookbooks, plantation records, and folklore to present a nuanced study of the lives of enslaved plantation cooks from colonial times through emancipation and beyond. She …

A Political Companion To James Baldwin, Susan J. Mcwilliams

Civil Rights

In seminal works such as Go Tell It on the Mountain, Notes of a Native Son, and The Fire Next Time, acclaimed author and social critic James Baldwin (1924–1987) expresses his profound belief that writers have the power to transform society, to engage the public, and to inspire and channel conversation to achieve lasting change. While Baldwin is best known for his writings on racial consciousness and injustice, he is also one of the country's most eloquent theorists of democratic life and the national psyche. In A Political Companion to James Baldwin, a group of prominent scholars assess the prolific …

One- Vs. Three-Fraction Pancreatic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy For Pancreatic Carcinoma: Single Institution Retrospective Review, Philip Anthony Sutera, Mark E. Bernard, Beant S. Gill, Kamran K. Harper, Kimmen Quan, Nathan Bahary, Steven A. Burton, Herbert Zeh, Dwight E. Heron

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

Background/introduction: Early reports of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) used single fraction, but eventually shifted to multifraction regimens. We conducted a single institution review of our patients treated with single- or multifraction SBRT to determine whether any outcome differences existed.

Methods and materials: Patients treated with SBRT in any setting for PDAC at our facility were included, from 2004 to 2014. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), distant metastasis (DM), and late grade 3 or greater radiation toxicities from the time of SBRT were calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimation to either the date …

The Use Of Bicycle Workstations To Increase Physical Activity In Secondary Classrooms, Alicia Fedewa, Colleen Cornelius, Soyeon Ahn

Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND

To date, the majority of interventions have implemented classroom-based physical activity (PA) at the elementary level; however, there is both the potential and need to explore student outcomes at high-school level as well, given that very few studies have incorporated classroom-based PA interventions for adolescents. One exception has been the use of bicycle workstations within secondary classrooms. Using bicycle workstations in lieu of traditional chairs in a high school setting shows promise for enhancing adolescents’ physical activity during the school day.

PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE

The present study explored the effects of integrating bicycle workstations into a secondary classroom setting …

More Than Just Students: Personal Information Needs Of Esl Community College Students, Jennifer Jeffers

LIS Student Conference

Over a million international students attended U.S. colleges and universities in the 2015-­ 2016 academic year, international student enrollment has risen steadily over the past decade, and the majority of these students come from countries where English is not the primary language (Institute for International Education, 2016). Furthermore, the Pew Research Center reports that “future immigrants and their children will account for 88% of the U.S. population increase between 2016 and 2065” (as cited in Ramakrishnan, Barker, Vervoordt, & Zhang, 2017, p. 1).

Existing studies of international and English as a second language (ESL) students have focused mainly on their …

Meeting The Social Media Needs Of Lexington’S Lgbtq Community, Erin Weber

LIS Student Conference

Erin will present a strategic plan for the social media needs of the Pride Community Services Organization (PCSO) and Pride Library in Lexington. She will include discussion on whether social media is a means to a larger goal or a means unto itself for PCSO.

Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure And Obesity Are Independently Associated With Left Ventricular Hypertrophic Remodeling In Children, Linyuan Jing, Christopher D. Nevius, Cassi M. Friday, Jonathan D. Suever, Arichanah Pulenthiran, Abba Mejia-Spiegeler, H. Lester Kirchner, William J. Cochran, Gregory J. Wehner, Aftab S. Chishti, Christopher M. Haggerty, Brandon K. Fornwalt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Children with obesity have hypertrophic cardiac remodeling. Hypertension is common in pediatric obesity, and may independently contribute to hypertrophy. We hypothesized that both the degree of obesity and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) would independently associate with measures of hypertrophic cardiac remodeling in children.

Methods: Children, aged 8–17 years, prospectively underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and ABP monitoring. Left ventricular (LV) mass indexed to height^2.7(LVMI), myocardial thickness and end-diastolic volume were quantified from a 3D LV model reconstructed from cine balanced steady state free precession images. Categories of remodeling were determined based on cutoff values for LVMI and …

Precision Newborn Screening For Lysosomal Disorders, Melissa M. Minter Baerg, Stephanie D. Stoway, Jeremy Hart, Lea Mott, Dawn S. Peck, Stephanie L. Nett, Jason S. Eckerman, Jean M. Lacey, Coleman T. Turgeon, Dimitar Gavrilov, Devin Oglesbee, Kimiyo Raymond, Silvia Tortorelli, Dietrich Matern, Lars Mørkrid, Piero Rinaldo

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: The implementation of newborn screening for lysosomal disorders has uncovered overall poor specificity, psychosocial harm experienced by caregivers, and costly follow-up testing of false-positive cases. We report an informatics solution proven to minimize these issues.

Methods: The Kentucky Department for Public Health outsourced testing for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) and Pompe disease, conditions recently added to the recommended uniform screening panel, plus Krabbe disease, which was added by legislative mandate. A total of 55,161 specimens were collected from infants born over 1 year starting from February 2016. Testing by tandem mass spectrometry was integrated with multivariate pattern recognition …

Tumor Suppressor Pdcd4 Attenuates Sin1 Translation To Inhibit Invasion In Colon Carcinoma, Qing Wang, Jiang Zhu, Ya-Wen Wang, Yong Dai, Yanlei Wang, Chi Wang, Jinpeng Liu, Alyson Baker, Nancy H. Colburn, Hsin-Sheng Yang

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a tumor invasion suppressor, is frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer and other cancers. In this study, we find that loss of Pdcd4 increases the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and thereby upregulates Snail expression. Examining the components of mTORC2 showed that Pdcd4 knockdown increased the protein but not mRNA level of stress-activated-protein kinase interacting protein 1 (Sin1), which resulted from enhanced Sin1 translation. To understand how Pdcd4 regulates Sin1 translation, the SIN1 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) was fused with luciferase reporter and named as 5′Sin1-Luc. Pdcd4 knockdown/knockout significantly increased the translation …

Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels In Newborn Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Lochan Subedi, Hong Huang, Amrita Pant, Philip M. Westgate, Henrietta S. Bada, John A. Bauer, Peter J. Giannone, Thitinart Sithisarn

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a type of growth factor that promotes growth and survival of neurons. Fetal exposure to opiates can lead to postnatal withdrawal syndrome, which is referred as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Preclinical and clinical studies have shown an association between opiates exposure and alteration in BDNF expression in the brain and serum levels in adult. However, to date, there are no data available on the effects of opiate exposure on BDNF levels in infant who are exposed to opiates in utero and whether BDNF level may correlate with the severity of NAS.

Objective: To compare …

Language And Socioeconomics Predict Geographic Variation In Peer Review Outcomes At An Ecology Journal, C. Sean Burns, Charles W. Fox

Information Science Faculty Publications

Papers submitted by scientists located in western nations generally fare better in the peer review process than do papers submitted by scientists from elsewhere. This paper examines geographic variation in peer review outcomes (whether a manuscript is sent for review, review scores obtained, and final decisions by editors) for 3529 submissions over a 4.5 year period at the journal Functional Ecology. In particular, we test whether geographic variation in language and socioeconomics are adequate to explain most or are all of this variation. There was no relationship between the geographic regions of handling editors and the decisions to send …

Interactive Effects Of Ovarian Steroid Hormones On Alcohol Use And Binge Drinking Across The Menstrual Cycle, Michelle M. Martel, Tory Eisenlohr-Moul, Bethan A. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Patterns and features of substance use and abuse vary across the menstrual cycle in humans. Yet, little work has systematically examined the within-person relationships between ovarian hormone changes and alcohol use across the menstrual cycle. Our study was the first to examine the roles of within-person levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in relation to daily alcohol use and binge drinking in young women. Participants were 22 naturally cycling women, ages 18-22, recruited through a university subject pool who reported any alcohol use and who completed a screening visit assessing study eligibility, followed by 35 subsequent days of data …

Superficial Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Rarely Require Advanced Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Following Resection, William C. Eward, Alexander L. Lazarides, Anthony M. Griffin, Patrick W. O'Donnell, Amir Sternheim, Anne O'Neill, Stefan O. Hofer, Peter C. Ferguson, Jay S. Wunder

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Objective: Soft-tissue sarcomas are most frequently located deep within myofascial compartments. Superficial soft-tissue sarcomas (S-STS) are relatively less common and may be managed differently than deep sarcomas because generous resection margins are often possible without sacrificing critical structures. We sought to investigate the frequency and types of soft-tissue reconstructive procedures that are required following excision of S-STS.

Methods: We reviewed 457 consecutively treated patients with S-STS with a minimum 2-year follow-up from our prospectively maintained database between 1989 and 2009.

Results: Mean follow-up was 10.5 years (range, 2–23). Four hundred twenty-one tumors (91%) were excised with negative margins, 38 (8.3%) …

A Rural/Urban Comparison Of Privacy And Confidentiality Concerns Associated With Providing Sensitive Location Information In Epidemiologic Research Involving Persons Who Use Drugs, Abby E. Rudolph, April M. Young, Jennifer R. Havens

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background—Analyses that link contextual factors with individual-level data can improve our understanding of the "risk environment"; however, the accuracy of information provided by participants about locations where illegal/stigmatized behaviors occur may be influenced by privacy/confidentiality concerns that may vary by setting and/or data collection approach.

Methods—We recruited thirty-five persons who use drugs from a rural Appalachian town and a Mid-Atlantic city to participate in in-depth interviews. Through thematic analyses, we identified and compared privacy/confidentiality concerns associated with two survey methods that (1) collect self-reported addresses/cross-streets and (2) use an interactive web-based map to find/confirm locations in rural and …