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University of Central Florida

2004

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Time-Reversal Imaging With Multiple Signal Classification Considering Multiple Scattering, Between The Targets, Fred K. Gruber, Edwim A. Marengo, Anthony J. Devaney Jan 2004

Time-Reversal Imaging With Multiple Signal Classification Considering Multiple Scattering, Between The Targets, Fred K. Gruber, Edwim A. Marengo, Anthony J. Devaney

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The time-reversal imaging with multiple signal classification method for the location of point targets developed within the framework of the Born approximation in Lehman and Devaney ["Transmission mode time-reversal super-resolution imaging," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2742-2753 (2003)] is generalized to incorporate multiple scattering between the targets. It is shown how the same method can be used in the location of point targets even if there is multiple scattering between them. On the other hand, both the conventional images and the calculated values of the target scattering amplitudes are scattering model-dependent. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America.

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The C-Terminal Tail Of Presenilin Regulates Omi/Htra2 Protease Activity, Sanjeev Gupta, Rajesh Singh, Pinaki Datta, Zhi-Jia Zhang, Christopher Orr, Zhixian Lu, Garrey Dubois, Antonis S. Zervos, Miriam H. Meisler, Srinivasa M. Srinivasula, Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri, Emad S. Alnemri Jan 2004

The C-Terminal Tail Of Presenilin Regulates Omi/Htra2 Protease Activity, Sanjeev Gupta, Rajesh Singh, Pinaki Datta, Zhi-Jia Zhang, Christopher Orr, Zhixian Lu, Garrey Dubois, Antonis S. Zervos, Miriam H. Meisler, Srinivasa M. Srinivasula, Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri, Emad S. Alnemri

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Presenilin mutations are responsible for most cases of autosomal dominant inherited forms of early onset Alzheimer disease. Presenilins play an important role in amyloid beta-precursor processing, NOTCH receptor signaling, and apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which presenilins regulate apoptosis are not fully understood. Here, we report that presenilin-1 (PS1) regulates the proteolytic activity of the serine protease Omi/HtrA2 through direct interaction with its regulatory PDZ domain. We show that a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of PS1 dramatically increases the proteolytic activity of Omi/HtrA2 toward the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and beta-casein and induces cell death in …

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Resonant Enhancement Of Two-Photon Absorption In Substituted Fluorene Molecules, Joel M. Hales, David J. Hagan, Eric W. Van Stryland, K. J. Schafer, A. R. Morales, K. D. Belfield, P. Pacher, O. Kwon, J. L. Bredas Jan 2004

Resonant Enhancement Of Two-Photon Absorption In Substituted Fluorene Molecules, Joel M. Hales, David J. Hagan, Eric W. Van Stryland, K. J. Schafer, A. R. Morales, K. D. Belfield, P. Pacher, O. Kwon, J. L. Bredas

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra for a symmetric and an asymmetric fluorene derivative were experimentally measured in order to determine the effect of intermediate state resonance enhancement (ISRE) on the 2PA cross section delta. The ability to tune the individual photon energies in the nondegenerate 2PA (ND-2PA) process afforded a quantitative study of the ISRE without modifying the chemical structure of the investigated chromophores. Both molecules exhibited resonant enhancement of the nonlinearity with the asymmetric compound showing as much as a twentyfold increase in delta. Furthermore, the possibility of achieving over a one order of magnitude enhancement …

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Scene Synchronization For Real-Time Interaction In Distributed Mixed Reality And Virtual Reality Environments, Felix G. Hamza-Lup, Jannick P. Rolland Jan 2004

Scene Synchronization For Real-Time Interaction In Distributed Mixed Reality And Virtual Reality Environments, Felix G. Hamza-Lup, Jannick P. Rolland

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Advances in computer networks and rendering systems facilitate the creation of distributed collaborative environments in which the distribution of information at remote locations allows efficient communication. One of the challenges in networked virtual environments is maintaining a consistent view of the shared state in the presence of inevitable network latency and jitter. A consistent view in a shared scene may significantly increase the sense of presence among participants and facilitate their interactivity. The dynamic shared state is directly affected by the frequency of actions applied on the objects in the scene. Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) environments contain …

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Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Forty Years Of U. S. Human Spaceflight Symposium, Roger Handberg Jan 2004

Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Forty Years Of U. S. Human Spaceflight Symposium, Roger Handberg

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

No abstract provided.

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Extensions Of Operators, D. Han, D. Larson, Z. Pan, W. Wogen Jan 2004

Extensions Of Operators, D. Han, D. Larson, Z. Pan, W. Wogen

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We introduce the concept of the extension spectrum of a Hilbert space operator. This is a natural subset of the spectrum which plays an essential role in dealing with certain extension properties of operators. We prove that it has spectral-like properties and satisfies a holomorphic version of the Spectral Mapping Theorem. We establish structural theorems for algebraic extensions of triangular operators which use the extension spectrum in a natural way. The extension spectrum has some properties in common with the Kato spectrum, and in the final section we show how they are different and we examine their inclusion relationships.

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Direct Detection Differential Polarization-Phase-Shift Keying Based On Jones Vector, Yan Han, Guifang Li Jan 2004

Direct Detection Differential Polarization-Phase-Shift Keying Based On Jones Vector, Yan Han, Guifang Li

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

In this paper, differential polarization-phase-shift keying (DPolPSK) is proposed for digital lightwave communication, in which information is encoded in both polarization and phase. The DPolPSK symbols are demodulated by optical delayed interference and electrical multilevel detection, without using any polarization control or polarization selection at the receiver. Simulation results show that single-channel error-free transmission at 20 Gb/s (10 Gsymbol/s) through 25 spans of 100 km standard single-mode fiber is possible. Unlike for DPSK, the Gaussian BER estimation method is found to be reasonably accurate for this new modulation format. The constellation diagram of DPolPSK can be represented by a set …

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Field Experiments, Glenn W. Harrison, John A. List Jan 2004

Field Experiments, Glenn W. Harrison, John A. List

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

No abstract provided.

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Mechanism Of Low-Temperature Theta-Cuga2 Phase Formation In Cu-Ga Alloys By Mechanical Alloying, Soon-Jik Hong, C. Surayanarayana Jan 2004

Mechanism Of Low-Temperature Theta-Cuga2 Phase Formation In Cu-Ga Alloys By Mechanical Alloying, Soon-Jik Hong, C. Surayanarayana

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The mechanism on the formation of the theta-CuGa2 phase in binary Cu-Ga alloys has been investigated through mechanical alloying (MA) of blended elemental powders by varying process variables such as milling time and milling temperature. The particle size distribution was very broad at the beginning of milling but became narrower as the milling time increased and steady-state equilibrium was reached. The average powder particle size reached a peak value of 270 mum at 30 min of milling and then continued to decrease gradually to 6 mum on milling for 20 h. Formation of the theta-CuGa2 phase started to occur even …

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All-Optical Switching Characteristics In Bacteriorhodopsin And Its Applications In Integrated Optics, Yuhua Huang, Shin-Tson Wu, Youyuan Zhao Jan 2004

All-Optical Switching Characteristics In Bacteriorhodopsin And Its Applications In Integrated Optics, Yuhua Huang, Shin-Tson Wu, Youyuan Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We experimentally and theoretically investigated the optical switching characteristics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at lambda=633 nm using the pump-probe method. A diode-pumped second harmonic YAG laser (lambda=532 nm which is located around the maximum initial Br state absorption) was used as a pumping beam and a cw He-Ne laser (lambda=633 nm which is around the peaks of K and O states) was used as a probe. Due to the nonlinear intensity induced excited state absorption of the K, L, M, N, and O states in the bR photocycle, the switching characteristics are sensitive to the intensity of the probe and pump …

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Broadband Optical Limiter Based On Nonlinear Photoinduced Anisotropy In Bacteriorhodopsin Film, Yuhua Huang, Georgios Siganakis, M. G. Moharam, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

Broadband Optical Limiter Based On Nonlinear Photoinduced Anisotropy In Bacteriorhodopsin Film, Yuhua Huang, Georgios Siganakis, M. G. Moharam, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Nonlinear photoinduced anisotropy in a bacteriorhodopsin film was theoretically and experimentally investigated and a broadband active optical limiter was demonstrated in the visible spectral range. A diode-pumped second harmonic yttrium aluminum garnet laser was used as a pumping beam and three different wavelengths at lambda=442, 532, and 655 nm from different lasers were used as probing beams. The pump and probe beams overlap at the sample. When the pumping beam is absent, the probing beam cannot transmit the crossed polarizers. With the presence of the pumping beam, a portion of the probing light is detected owing to the photoinduced anisotropy. …

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Photonic Switching Based On The Photoinduced Birefringence In Bacteriorhodopsin Films, Yuhua Huang, Shin-Tson Wu, Youyuan Zhao Jan 2004

Photonic Switching Based On The Photoinduced Birefringence In Bacteriorhodopsin Films, Yuhua Huang, Shin-Tson Wu, Youyuan Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Photoinduced birefringence in bacteriorhodopsin films was investigated using pump-probe method and its application for photonic switching explored. A diode-pumped second-harmonic YAG laser was used as a pumping beam and a diode laser at lambda=660 nm was used as a probing beam. The pump and probe beams overlap at the sample. Without the pumping beam, the probing light cannot transmit the analyzer to the detector. However, due to the photoinduced anisotropy, a portion of the probing light is detected when the pumping beam is present. Since lambda=660 nm is far from the absorption peak (similar to570 nm) of the ground state, …

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Modeling And Simulation With Augmented Reality, Khaled Hussain, Varol Kaptan Jan 2004

Modeling And Simulation With Augmented Reality, Khaled Hussain, Varol Kaptan

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

In applications such as airport operations, military simulations, and medical simulations, conducting simulations in accurate and realistic settings that are represented by real video imaging sequences becomes essential. This paper surveys recent work that enables visually realistic model constructions and the simulation of synthetic objects which are inserted in video sequences, and illustrates how synthetic objects can conduct intelligent behavior within a visual augmented reality.

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Quadratic Soliton Collisions, Ladislav Jankovic, Pierre Aboussouan, Marco Affolter, George Stegeman, Mordechai Katz Jan 2004

Quadratic Soliton Collisions, Ladislav Jankovic, Pierre Aboussouan, Marco Affolter, George Stegeman, Mordechai Katz

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The details of two soliton collision processes were investigated in detail in a 1 cm long periodically poled KTP crystal for the case when the solitons were excited by inputting only the fundamental beam. The effects on the collision outcomes of the distance of the collision into the sample, collision angle and phase mismatch were measured for different relative phases between the input beams. At small angles ( around 0.4(0)) fusion, repulsion and energy transfer processes were observed, while at the collision angles approaching 3.2(0) the two output soliton beams were essentially unaffected by the interaction. The phase mismatch was …

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Thermodynamic Model Of Electric-Field-Induced Pattern Formation In Binary Dielectric Fluids, M. D. Johnson, X. Duan, Brett Riley, Aniket Bhattacharya, Weili Luo Jan 2004

Thermodynamic Model Of Electric-Field-Induced Pattern Formation In Binary Dielectric Fluids, M. D. Johnson, X. Duan, Brett Riley, Aniket Bhattacharya, Weili Luo

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

An electric-field-induced phase transition and pattern formation in a binary dielectric fluid layer are studied using a coarse-grained free-energy functional. The electrostatic part of the free energy is a nonlinear functional of the dielectric function, which depends in turn on the local colloidal concentration. We determine the phase coexistence curve and find that beyond a critical electric field the system phase separates. Accompanying the phase separation are patterns similar to those observed in a spinodal decomposition of an ordinary binary fluid. The temporal evolution of the phase separating patterns are discussed both analytically and numerically by integrating a Cahn-Hilliard type …

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Toward Systematic Control Of Cybersickness, Marshall B. Jones, Robert S. Kennedy, Kay M. Stanney Jan 2004

Toward Systematic Control Of Cybersickness, Marshall B. Jones, Robert S. Kennedy, Kay M. Stanney

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Visually induced motion sickness, or "cybersickness," has been well documented in all kinds of vehicular simulators and in many virtual environments. It probably occurs in all virtual environments. Cybersickness has many known determinants, including (a short list) field-of-view, flicker, transport delays, duration of exposure, gender, and susceptibility to motion sickness. Since many of these determinants can be controlled, a major objective in designing virtual environments is to hold cybersickness below a specified level a specified proportion of the time. More than 20 years ago C. W. Simon presented a research strategy based on fractional factorial experiments that was capable in …

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Theoretical Modeling Of An A6 Relativistic Magnetron, D. J. Kaup Jan 2004

Theoretical Modeling Of An A6 Relativistic Magnetron, D. J. Kaup

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The analytical modeling of the initialization stage of a relativistic magnetron of the A6 cylindrical design is presented, where only two dominant modes are used: a direct current (dc) background mode and a radio frequency (rf) pump mode. These two modes interaction nonlinearly, with the dc background being driven by the dc electromagnetic forces and the ponderomotive forces of the rf mode, while the rf mode is the most unstable linear eigenmode on this dc background. In cylindrical geometry, the diocotron resonance is found to occur over a broader region than in planar models. In fact, in certain parameter regimes, …

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Demonstration Of 3-Dimensional Wide Angle Laser Beam Scanner Using Liquid Crystals, Sajjad A. Khan, Nabeel A. Riza Jan 2004

Demonstration Of 3-Dimensional Wide Angle Laser Beam Scanner Using Liquid Crystals, Sajjad A. Khan, Nabeel A. Riza

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Design and demonstration of a versatile liquid crystal-based scanner is shown for steering a laser beam in three dimensions. The scanner consists of a unique combination of digital and analog control polarization-based beamforming optics resulting in both continuous and random fashion beam steering. The design features a novel device biasing method, large aperture beamforming optics, low electrical power consumption, and ultrafine as well as wide angle coarse beam steering. Demonstrations include one, two and three dimensional beam steering with a maximum of 40.92degrees continuous scan, all at 1550 nm. The minimum scanner aperture is 1 cm diameter and uses a …

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Direct-Detection Optical Differential 8-Level Phase-Shift Keying (Od8psk) For Spectrally Efficient Transmission, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li Jan 2004

Direct-Detection Optical Differential 8-Level Phase-Shift Keying (Od8psk) For Spectrally Efficient Transmission, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

An implementation of optical differential 8-level phase-shift keying (OD8PSK) is proposed for spectrally efficient high capacity long-haul optical fiber transmission systems. Interferometric demodulation and direct detection at the receiver yield three output binary sequences identical to the three input binary sequences. This is accomplished by proper design of electrical encoding and optical encoding at the transmitter. Three optical encoding schemes are proposed with corresponding differential electrical encoding schemes. Numerical simulations are performed for a single channel transmission to evaluate the transmission performances of OD8PSK systems.

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Requirements For The Sampling Source In Coherent Linear Sampling, Inwoong Kim, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li Jan 2004

Requirements For The Sampling Source In Coherent Linear Sampling, Inwoong Kim, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Complex envelope measurement using coherent linear optical sampling with mode-locked sources is investigated. It is shown that reliable measurement of the phase requires that one of the optical modes of the mode-locked laser be locked to the optical carrier of the data signal to be measured. Carrier-envelope offset (CEO) is found to have negligible effect on the measurement. Measurement errors of the intensity profile and phase depend on the pulsewidth and chirp of the sampling pulses as well as the detuning between the carrier frequencies of the data signal and the center frequency of sampling source.

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Photofragmentation Of The H-3 Molecule, Including Jahn-Teller Coupling Effects, Viatcheslav Kokoouline, Chris H. Greene Jan 2004

Photofragmentation Of The H-3 Molecule, Including Jahn-Teller Coupling Effects, Viatcheslav Kokoouline, Chris H. Greene

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We have developed a theoretical method for interpretation of photoionization experiments with the H-3 molecule. In the present study we give a detailed description of the method, which combines multichannel quantum defect theory, the adiabatic hyperspherical approach, and the techniques of outgoing Siegert pseudostates. The present method accounts for vibrational and rotation excitations of the molecule, deals with all symmetry restrictions imposed by the geometry of the molecule, including vibrational, rotational, electronic, and nuclear spin symmetries. The method was recently applied to treat dissociative recombination of the H-3(+) ion. Since H-3(+) dissociative recombination has been a controversial problem, the present …

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Model For A Partially Coherent Gaussian Beam In Atmospheric Turbulence With Application In Lasercom, Olga Korotkova, Larry C. Andrews, Ronald L. Phillips Jan 2004

Model For A Partially Coherent Gaussian Beam In Atmospheric Turbulence With Application In Lasercom, Olga Korotkova, Larry C. Andrews, Ronald L. Phillips

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Analytic expressions for the mutual coherence function (MCF) and the scintillation index of a partially coherent lowest order Gaussian beam wave propagating through the atmosphere (based on Kolmogorov spectrum model) are developed for the pupil plane of a receiving system. Partial coherence of the beam is modeled as a thin (complex) phase screen with Gaussian spectrum (Rytov theory and ABCD ray matrices are applied). The relation between the second- and fourth-order statistics for a beam with any degree of coherence in the atmosphere is introduced with the help of "effective" beam parameters, deduced from the free-space MCF. In particular, the …

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Dna-Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit-Interacting Protein Kip Binds Telomerase By Interacting With Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, Gun Eui Lee, Eun Young Yu, Chae Hyun Cho, Junho Lee, Mark T. Muller, In Kwon Chung Jan 2004

Dna-Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit-Interacting Protein Kip Binds Telomerase By Interacting With Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, Gun Eui Lee, Eun Young Yu, Chae Hyun Cho, Junho Lee, Mark T. Muller, In Kwon Chung

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Telomere homeostasis, a process that is essential for continued cell proliferation and genomic stability, is regulated by endogenous telomerase and a collection of associated proteins. In this paper, a protein called KIP ( previously reported as a protein that binds specifically to DNA-dependent protein kinase), has been identified as a telomerase-regulating activity based on the following pieces of evidence. First, complexes between KIP and the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( hTERT) were identified using the yeast two-hybrid technique. Second, antibodies specific to KIP immunoprecipitate human telomerase in cell-free extracts. Third, immunolocalization experiments demonstrate that KIP is a nuclear protein that …

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Temperature Effect On Liquid Crystal Refractive Indices, Jun Li, Sebastian Gauza, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

Temperature Effect On Liquid Crystal Refractive Indices, Jun Li, Sebastian Gauza, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

A model describing the temperature effect of liquid crystal (LC) refractive indices is derived and confirmed by experiment. Two single LC compounds (5CB, 5PCH) and two mixtures (MLC-6241-000 and UCF-35) with different birefringence values were used to validate the model. This model fits all the experimental data well. For a low-birefringence LC mixture, if the operating temperature is far below its clearing point, the temperature-dependent refractive indices can be approximated as a parabolic form. This prediction is also experimentally validated. In addition, a linear relationship between < n(2) > and temperature is found.

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Extended Cauchy Equations For The Refractive Indices Of Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

Extended Cauchy Equations For The Refractive Indices Of Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The extended Cauchy equations are derived based on the Vuks equation for describing the wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive indices of liquid crystal compounds and mixtures. This model fits experimental data well in the off-resonance spectral region. Correlations between the Cauchy coefficients for the nematic and isotropic phases are derived and validated by experiments.

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Self-Consistency Of Vuks Equations For Liquid-Crystal Refractive Indices, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

Self-Consistency Of Vuks Equations For Liquid-Crystal Refractive Indices, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Vuks equations correlate the microscopic molecular polarizabilities to the macroscopic refractive indices of anisotropic crystalline materials. For anisotropic liquid crystals, the molecular polarizabilities are difficult to measure directly due to the short- and long-range interactions. We have converted Vuks equations into different forms. By measuring the refractive indices at different temperatures and wavelengths, the Vuks equations can be validated. Five liquid-crystal materials with refractive index ranging from similar to1.46 to similar to1.86 are used to validate the modified Vuks equations. The experimental results agree with the theory very well. Based on the Vuks equations, the molecular polarizabilities of 4-cyano-4-n-pentylbiphenyl are …

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High Temperature-Gradient Refractive Index Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Sebastian Gauzia, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

High Temperature-Gradient Refractive Index Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Sebastian Gauzia, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We have analyzed the physical origins of the temperature gradient of the ordinary refractive index (dT(o)/dT) of liquid crystals. To achieve a large dn(o)/dT, high birefringence and low clearing temperature play crucial roles. Based on these simple guidelines, we formulated two exemplary liquid crystal mixtures, designated as UCF-1 and UCF-2, and compared their physical properties with a commonly used commercial liquid crystal compound 5CB. The dn(o)/dT of UCF-1 is similar to4X higher than that of 5CB at room temperature.

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Wavelength-Insensitive All-Optical Clock Extraction And Enhancement Of Nonreturn-To-Zero Data Using A Semiconductor Optical Amplifier And Fiber Bragg Grating, Xiaoxu Li, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li Jan 2004

Wavelength-Insensitive All-Optical Clock Extraction And Enhancement Of Nonreturn-To-Zero Data Using A Semiconductor Optical Amplifier And Fiber Bragg Grating, Xiaoxu Li, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

A scheme for wavelength and polarization insensitive all-optical clock extraction and enhancement of nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data is proposed and demonstrated. At 10 Gbit/s, more than 7-dB clock enhancement and 19-dB clock-to-data suppression ratio (CDSR) enhancement have been realized using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a reflective fiber Bragg grating (FBG) over a 30-nm input wavelength range.

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All-Optical Passive Clock Extraction Of 40 Gbit/S Nrz Data Using Narrow-Band Filtering, Xiaoxu Li, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li Jan 2004

All-Optical Passive Clock Extraction Of 40 Gbit/S Nrz Data Using Narrow-Band Filtering, Xiaoxu Li, Cheolhwan Kim, Guifang Li

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

A passive all-optical scheme for clock extraction from non return-to-zero (NRZ) data has been proposed based on narrow-band filtering. Two equally effective embodiments of the proposed scheme have been demonstrated experimentally. A carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 30 dB has been achieved at 40 Gbit/s using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG).

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Two-Coefficient Cauchy Model For Low Birefringence Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2004

Two-Coefficient Cauchy Model For Low Birefringence Liquid Crystals, Jun Li, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The three- and two-coefficient Cauchy equations are derived based on the three-band model for the wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive indices of anisotropic liquid crystals. For high birefringence (Deltangreater than or equal to0.2) liquid crystals, the three-coefficient Cauchy model fits experimental results more accurately than the two-coefficient model. For low birefringence (Deltanless than or equal to0.12) liquid crystal mixtures the two-coefficient Cauchy model works equally well as the three-coefficient model in the off-resonance spectral region.

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