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Articles 1 - 27 of 27
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Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki
Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
AbstractFear is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that allows an organism to discern potential harm and act accordingly by engaging in defensive behaviors. While fear is an adaptive response, dysregulation of fear by means of a traumatic event can lead to psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Animal research using rodents in Pavlovian context fear conditioning experiments allows for the ability to study the underlying neural circuitry of threat-appropriate and aberrant fear learning and memory that may contribute to PTSD. However, despite reports that women are more than two times more likely to develop PTSD compared to men, the …
Light Level Intensity Alters Anxiety, But Not Memory, During Open-Field And Novel Object Location Tasks In Male Rats, Angelina Tassone
Light Level Intensity Alters Anxiety, But Not Memory, During Open-Field And Novel Object Location Tasks In Male Rats, Angelina Tassone
Biological Sciences
Appropriate design and control of testing conditions during assessment of animal behavior is critical to maximize generalizability, replicability, and translational relevance. Some sensory stimuli are often controlled: for instance, during rodent behavioral testing, efforts are commonly made to reduce or eliminate olfactory and auditory distractions. However, less attention is paid to the ambient light level intensity (lux), which may vary even between rooms in the same facility. We sought to explore whether behavior is influenced by the standard illumination intensity in one of our behavioral testing rooms. To this end, we measured anxiety-like behaviors, exploration, and spatial memory performance in …
Belonging And Bias : How Diatonicity And Response Bias Affect Pitch Memory In A Probe Tone Task, Jeff Bostwick
Belonging And Bias : How Diatonicity And Response Bias Affect Pitch Memory In A Probe Tone Task, Jeff Bostwick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Prior research (e.g., Krumhansl, 1979) using a delayed recognition task has found a memory advantage for standard (to-be-remembered) tones that belong to the key of a tonal context (diatonic tones) over those that do not belong to the key of a tonal context (nondiatonic tones). The advantage is purportedly due to the tonal context differentially supporting diatonic over nondiatonic tones. However, this research confounded a change in pitch with a change in diatonicity, raising the possibility that participants were responding to the diatonicity change rather than relying on memory for the standard tone’s pitch specifically. More recent studies (e.g., Frankland …
What's In A Chunk? : Investigating Expertise Effects On Memory For Complex Visual Search Targets, Kinnera Savitri Maturi
What's In A Chunk? : Investigating Expertise Effects On Memory For Complex Visual Search Targets, Kinnera Savitri Maturi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Across two experiments, I examined the extent to which three predictions of the chunking and template framework of expertise generalize to the music-reading domain: 1) Experts show perceptual advantages that allow for superior performance in a domain-specific task; 2) Experts’ can identify familiar patterns, which allow them to rapidly detect relevant regions of a stimulus; and 3) Experts’ superior perceptual abilities are domain-specific. In Study 1, the eye movements of expert musicians and non-musicians were recorded while they searched for a complex visual search target (i.e., a bar of piano sheet music) that was located within a search array (i.e., …
Lost In Violence : Forging Memories From Legacies Of Neglect In Spanish And Peruvian Contemporary Novels, Jonathan James Oliveri
Lost In Violence : Forging Memories From Legacies Of Neglect In Spanish And Peruvian Contemporary Novels, Jonathan James Oliveri
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation constitutes an examination and approximation of neglected violent pasts through an analysis of a selection of contemporary Spanish and Peruvian novels. The Spanish novels in question are as follows: Las leyes de la frontera (2012) written by Javier Cercas; Talco y bronce (2017) authored by Montero Glez; Yonqui (2014) and Cuando gritan los muertos (2018) written by Paco Gómez Escribano; and lastly Lumpen (2015) co-authored by Gómez Escribano and Luis Gutiérrez Maluenda. Additionally, the Peruvian novels which play a fundamental role in the present study are: Lituma en los Andes by Mario Vargas Llosa (1993); El cazador ausente …
Do Distractor Suppression And Learning Intentionality Contribute To The Attentional Boost Effect?, Stephanie C. Crocco
Do Distractor Suppression And Learning Intentionality Contribute To The Attentional Boost Effect?, Stephanie C. Crocco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the Attentional Boost Effect (ABE), a target-detection response enhances memory for simultaneously presented unrelated stimuli (Swallow & Jiang, 2010; see Swallow & Jiang, 2013 for a review). In two experiments, participants read aloud words simultaneously presented with a dot. Trials were presented every 1150 ms (Experiment 1) or every 2200 ms (Experiment 2). In a divided attention (DA) task, participants made a key-press to dots of a specific color. In a full attention (FA) task, they only read the words aloud while ignoring all dots. Under either intentional or incidental learning instructions, the DA task included Target words, and …
Investigating The Effects Of Intrahippocampal Glucose Administration On Spatial Working Memory In Rats, Jeremy Carter
Investigating The Effects Of Intrahippocampal Glucose Administration On Spatial Working Memory In Rats, Jeremy Carter
Biological Sciences
Insulin is a peptide hormone released by beta pancreatic cells . Insulin’s best-known function is to regulate absorption of glucose into peripheral tissue: this occurs via activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade and subsequent translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. This canonical peripheral insulin signaling pathway appears to exist in essentially identical form within the central nervous system (CNS), so that insulin promotes entry of glucose into neural cells and subsequent increased metabolism. In order to maintain proper function, insulin-responsive hippocampal neurons and glia require glucose metabolism; a catabolic energy-yielding process that requires insulin …
Emotion Processing In The Survival Paradigm, Destiny Valentine
Emotion Processing In The Survival Paradigm, Destiny Valentine
Psychology
The literature shows that words processed according to their survival relevance typically produce a memory advantage. Similarly, words containing an emotional connotation tend to lead to better memory. The current study examined whether combining both the survival processing effect and the emotion processing advantage would cause an interaction that amplified the effects on memory. Using a modified version of the traditional survival processing paradigm, participants rated emotion words (positive, negative, or neutral) on their relevance to a survival context or home-moving control context. They were later given a surprise recall task for the rated words. The results did not show …
When Is Test-Potentiated Learning Item-Specific Versus Generalized?, Carol Bolte
When Is Test-Potentiated Learning Item-Specific Versus Generalized?, Carol Bolte
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current experiments used short (< 1 min) and long (24-hour) retention intervals in the Test-Potentiated Learning (TPL) paradigm to investigate pair specific versus generalized testing effects (TEs) using weakly related English word pairs. The design of the present experiments improved the design used by Cho, Neely, Crocco, and Vitrano (2017), who used Swahili-English pairs. The present design allows for (a) an assessment of both between- and within-subjects pair-specific vs. generalized TEs within the same experiment and (b) better controlled comparisons of the pair-specific and generalized TEs. There was no TE at the short retention interval. At the long retention interval, the TE for tested pairs studied before and after the review test was greater than the generalized TEs obtained for (a) untested pairs studied before and after the review test and (b) untested pairs that were only studied after the review test. Thus, a pair-specific TE occurred, unlike in Cho et al. (2017). The potential reasons for why weakly related English word pairs show pair-specific TEs but Swahili-English pairs do not are discussed.
Does Testing Episodic "Lion-Tiger" And/Or "Tiger-Stripes" Associations Facilitate Later "Lion-Stripes" Learning, Deana Vitrano
Does Testing Episodic "Lion-Tiger" And/Or "Tiger-Stripes" Associations Facilitate Later "Lion-Stripes" Learning, Deana Vitrano
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current experiments examined Pyc and Rawson’s (2010) mediator effectiveness hypothesis (MEH) as one potential explanation of the beneficial effects of testing relative to restudying in paired-associate learning. In two experiments, participants learned cue-mediator-target triads (e.g., lion-tiger-stripes) broken down into separate components. Specifically, participants learned and then restudied or were tested on cue-mediator (List 1) and mediator-target (List 2) word pairs in Session 1, and in a Session 2 given 48 hours later learned cue-target (List 3) word pairs. According to Pyc and Rawson, compared to restudying, testing on List 1 cue-mediator and List 2 mediator-target word pairs should lead …
The Magic Of A Strange Sky : Nature And The Mysticism Of Memory In Beckett's Trilogy, Daniel James Warhol
The Magic Of A Strange Sky : Nature And The Mysticism Of Memory In Beckett's Trilogy, Daniel James Warhol
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This essay attempts to examine the later prose of Samuel Beckett within the frame of a growing body of critical research that aligns the author’s universal philosophy of the human condition with Indian and Buddhist philosophies. Inspired by the research of Lidan Lin, in her essay “Samuel Beckett’s Encounter with the East,” and Paul Foster’s Beckett and Zen: A Study of Dilemma in the Novels of Samuel Beckett, I take up a similar line of inquiry, choosing to focus on moments in the trilogy that are concerned with contact between the individual and the natural world. While many critics have …
I Am A Branch In A Dark Room, Samuel Stenard
I Am A Branch In A Dark Room, Samuel Stenard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
"I Am a Branch in a Dark Room"–– the first of two intersecting novellas–– relays the consciousness of Edmund, a young man trapped in a waking coma. He is able to hear the sounds of the care facility yet unable to directly engage them. To him, he seems only a mind, drifting untethered from the world around him; to the world–– and even his own mother–– he seems little more than a corpse. As the narrative progresses, his bearing is fractured and he reels toward the void. The self reduces: from an interior monologue, to a cluster of perception, until, …
Emotional Factors Affecting Face-Name Memory : The Role Of Valence And Arousal During Encoding, Stephanie Ann Kazanas
Emotional Factors Affecting Face-Name Memory : The Role Of Valence And Arousal During Encoding, Stephanie Ann Kazanas
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The emotion literature has maintained that emotional stimuli are prioritized over neutral stimuli: Emotional words and images are detected faster, processed more automatically, and remembered better. However, the benefit from processing emotional stimuli can also be affected by valence, wherein some emotion advantages are driven by positive emotion and others by negative emotion. This is particularly evident in the face memory literature, in which researchers have investigated the role of expressed emotion in learning new faces. For example, some have found that happy faces are more memorable than angry and neutral faces. However, when comparing memory for happy faces with …
Reduced Conscious Recollection And Its Detection In Three Performance Validity Tests : A Dual Task Interference Investigation, Graham Michael Silk-Eglit
Reduced Conscious Recollection And Its Detection In Three Performance Validity Tests : A Dual Task Interference Investigation, Graham Michael Silk-Eglit
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Performance validity is an essential component of neuropsychological assessment. Research suggests that examinees with specific neurological conditions cannot successfully complete certain performance validity tests (PVTs). However, very little basic research has explored the information processing underlying performance on PVTs that might explain why these examinees fail certain PVTs. The current study used a dual task interference paradigm to isolate the impact of reducing conscious recollection on the performance of three PVTs, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT), and Word Memory Test (WMT). One-hundred-and-twenty-six non-clinical undergraduate research participants were administered these three PVTs as part of …
Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith
Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
People easily recognize a melody in a previously unheard key, but they also retain some key-specific information. I tested the hypothesis that individuals compare novel melodies to a memory “prototype” representing the central tendency of experienced exemplars. Participants were familiarized with a monotonic eight-note melody in two closely separated keys and tested for discrimination of that melody from others. Test and foil melodies included ones that were the “average” of pitch heights and ones that were more distant in pitch height. Hit rates and discriminability (d') were better for physically closer keys than for harmonically related keys. In follow-up experiments, …
Mediation Of Recurrent Hypoglycemia's Physiological And Behavioral Effects In The Hippocampus By Glucocorticoids, Danielle Osborne
Mediation Of Recurrent Hypoglycemia's Physiological And Behavioral Effects In The Hippocampus By Glucocorticoids, Danielle Osborne
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) occurs with the over administration of insulin resulting in severe hypoglycemia on a repetitive basis. This occurs most commonly among Type I Diabetics who rely on exogenous insulin replacement for management of their disease; however it is becoming increasingly common among Type II Diabetics. Although cognitive deficits are reported during hypoglycemia, the period following restoration of euglycemia has been denoted by improved hippocampally-mediated short-term and working memory in humans and rodents, respectively. RH is also associated with an altered glucocorticoid secretion profile in response to hypoglycemia. In vitro and in vivo approaches were utilized with the goal …
The Role Of Relational And Item Specific Processing In The Survival Advantage Across English And Spanish, Crystal J. Robinson
The Role Of Relational And Item Specific Processing In The Survival Advantage Across English And Spanish, Crystal J. Robinson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current paper examines the effects of survival processing relative to item specific and relational processing on recall for both English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals. It has been suggested that both item specific and relational processing play an important role in the survival advantage (Burns, Hart, Griffith, & Burns, 2012; Burns, Hwang, & Burns, 2011). However, to date, the generalizability of this advantage has yet to be examined cross-linguistically. In two studies, participants were asked to make survival relevance ratings, pleasantness ratings, and to categorize a set of words from either common taxonomic or ad hoc categories. Spanish-English bilinguals performed …
What You See Is What You Forget : Alcohol Cue Exposure, Affect, And The Misinformation Effect, Camille Crocken Barnes
What You See Is What You Forget : Alcohol Cue Exposure, Affect, And The Misinformation Effect, Camille Crocken Barnes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Previous research has suggested that both alcohol cues and positive affect increase the tendency to incorporate false information into memory. This series of studies sought to determine if affect mediates the influence of alcohol cues on incorporation of false information into memory. Initially, a pilot study was completed to determine the individual differences that predict which individuals experience a heightening of positive affect following visualization exercises involving alcoholic beverages. Next, a study was conducted to determine if this affect increase from exposure to alcohol cues leads to increased acceptance of misinformation into memory. Participants' memories were tested while they were …
TodavíA Bailamos La Cueca Sola : From Local Protest Practice Against Chile's Dictatorship To (Trans)National Memory Icon, Karolina Sonja Babic
TodavíA Bailamos La Cueca Sola : From Local Protest Practice Against Chile's Dictatorship To (Trans)National Memory Icon, Karolina Sonja Babic
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation is a multi-sited cultural-historical ethnography about the cueca sola, a dance that was created to denounce the disappearances of citizens during Chile's dictatorship in the 1970s. Some women with missing relatives, who belonged to the music group Conjunto Folclórico of the Association of the Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared (AFDD), created a variation on the Chilean national dance (the cueca - traditionally a courtship dance between a man and a woman) which did not involve a male partner. Instead, they performed it alone. In so doing, these women, who were among the first to denounce the military's …
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cognitive and memory impairments significantly affect multiple domains in life and play major roles in disease. Identifying critical mechanisms and factors that mediate memory consolidation and enhancement may represent an important approach for increasing cognition in normal adults and preventing or treating cognitive impairments. The expression of the C/EBP- target gene insulin-like growth factor 2, (IGF-II) is required for memory consolidation; furthermore, IGF-II administration during memory consolidation produces memory enhancement, increased memory persistence and prevents forgetting. In this thesis, I investigated the therapeutic potential of IGF-II to promote memory consolidation when administered systemically. In addition, I investigated one particularly interesting …
Functional Roles Of The Insulin-Regulated Glucose Transporter-4 In The Hippocampus, Jiah Pearson-Leary
Functional Roles Of The Insulin-Regulated Glucose Transporter-4 In The Hippocampus, Jiah Pearson-Leary
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although a great deal of research has elucidated both localization and function of many glucose transporters (GluTs) throughout the brain, the function of brain insulin-responsive glucose transporter-4 (GluT4) remains unclear (McEwen & Reagan, 2004). Because type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; insulin resistance, i.e., impaired insulin signaling) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and because the signaling mechanisms insulin uses to mediate hippocampal processes and memory are unclear, a major purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether hippocampal GluT4, which is responsible for insulin's glucoregulatory and canonical effects in the periphery, is necessary for insulin's effects in the …
Spatial Working Memory And Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis In Male Rats With Hight Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Andrew Karl Recknagel
Spatial Working Memory And Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis In Male Rats With Hight Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Andrew Karl Recknagel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Granule cells are continually produced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus throughout life. These new neurons integrate into the local circuitry and contribute to hippocampal function. Insulin directly affects hippocampal function and may also influence the process of adult neurogenesis. Some of the cognitive deficits that occur in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be caused by hyperinsulinemia and systemic insulin resistance. Sedentary lifestyles combined with over-consumption of energy rich foods are responsible for the rising incidence of metabolic syndrome and chronic obesity, both of which represent major risk factors for T2DM and AD. Therefore, …
The Reversed Testing Effect : Unraveling The Benefits Of Practiced Recall, Katherine Mary Weber
The Reversed Testing Effect : Unraveling The Benefits Of Practiced Recall, Katherine Mary Weber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Eyewitness memory for events has been shown to be malleable and susceptible to intrusions of misinformation (Loftus & Palmer, 1974). It has been demonstrated that practicing retrieval of studied material can lead to improved recall, known as the testing effect (Karpicke & Roediger, 2008; Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). However, practiced recall may also lead to the increased incorporation of misinformation into memory, known as the reversed testing effect (Chan, Thomas, & Bulevich, 2009). While Karpicke and Roediger (2008) used Swahili-English word pairs to demonstrate the testing effect, Chan et al. used video materials. In two out of three of the …
True Chance On The Test Of Memory Malingering (Tomm) : A Descriptive And Inferential Item Analysis, Andrea Miele
True Chance On The Test Of Memory Malingering (Tomm) : A Descriptive And Inferential Item Analysis, Andrea Miele
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) was once purported to be among the "most frequently administered" neuropsychological tests of performance validity (Slick, Tan, Strauss & Hultsch, 2004). Much research involving clinical patients as well as individuals involved in medico-legal cases, however, has revealed that the TOMM may not perform as well as initially conceived during the test's early validation studies. For this reason, other performance validity tests have likely surpassed the TOMM; however, work is currently underway to increase the test's sensitivity to performance invalidity, usually through differential cutoff selection. The purpose of this study was to collect data on …
Adult Memory And Appraisal Of Maltreatment In Childhood : Implications For Problem Substance Use, Laura J. Elwyn
Adult Memory And Appraisal Of Maltreatment In Childhood : Implications For Problem Substance Use, Laura J. Elwyn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: Alcohol and drug abuse are major public health concerns. Child maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor that increases the likelihood of substance use problems in adulthood. However, most studies have used retrospective reports of maltreatment and the few studies that have used prospective measures of maltreatment have found a weaker association with adult substance use problems. This study examines whether adult memory and appraisal of maltreatment is the primary pathway through which substantiated child maltreatment effects adult substance use problems.
Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico
Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience is a universal experience in which a speaker cannot fully produce a word that he or she believes will eventually be recalled and could easily be recognized. The purpose of the current set of experiments is to determine how different variables affect the rate of TOTs. Specifically, a series of three experiments investigates the roles of word concreteness and word frequency on TOT rates. A new finding, the concreteness effect on TOT rates, emerged and was replicated across all three experiments. This never-before investigated concreteness effect is discussed in terms of a general two-stage model of …
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Tokowicz and Kroll (2007) originally reported that the number of translations a word has across languages influences the speed with which bilinguals translate concrete and abstract words from one language to another. The current work examines how the number of translations that characterize a word influences bilingual lexical organization and the processing of concrete, abstract and emotional stimuli. Experiment 1 examined whether the number-of-translations effect reported previously could be obtained in a different task (i.e., lexical decision task) using the same materials presented by Tokowicz and Kroll. Decision latencies revealed no significant differences between concrete and abstract words, which suggested …