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Energy And Economic Growth Nexus: A Long-Run Relationship In Indonesia, Kelvan Darrian, Patricia Scholastica, Yohanes B. Kadarusman, Dandy Rafitrandi Jun 2023

Energy And Economic Growth Nexus: A Long-Run Relationship In Indonesia, Kelvan Darrian, Patricia Scholastica, Yohanes B. Kadarusman, Dandy Rafitrandi

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Energy plays an important role in economic growth in which it affects total factor productivity (TFP). Energy conservation efforts to address global climate change may adversely affect economic growth, particularly in the long run. This study analyses the short- and long-run relationship between energy consumption (both non-renewable (NREC) and renewable (REC)) and economic growth in Indonesia within the period of 1985 to 2019. Using the vector-error correction model (VECM), the paper discovered a short-run unidirectional causality from NREC and REC to economic growth. Economic growth in Indonesia is dependent on energy consumption. The finding proves the growth hypothesis in the …


The Role Of Expropriation Clauses In Protection And Promotion Of Foreign Investments In Renewable Energy: An Essential But Overlooked Legal Consideration, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani Sep 2022

The Role Of Expropriation Clauses In Protection And Promotion Of Foreign Investments In Renewable Energy: An Essential But Overlooked Legal Consideration, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani

Indonesia Law Review

Today the world is tackling climate change. The global threat of energy poverty along with the growing need for energy has escalated this crisis. The promotion of renewable energy sources is widely known as the main solution to this challenge. Many International and regional agreements address various aspects of renewable energy development such as trade, transit, security, and investment. Since not all states have the financial and technological abilities to develop this sector, foreign investment is recognised as a crucial prerequisite for the global deployment of renewable energies. Various investment agreements are signed to facilitate and promote investments. These instruments …


Most Favoured Nation Clause: Unleashing Its Legal Potential In Favour Of Foreign Investors In Renewable Energy Sector, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani, Vahid Akefi Ghaziani, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani Dr. Aug 2022

Most Favoured Nation Clause: Unleashing Its Legal Potential In Favour Of Foreign Investors In Renewable Energy Sector, Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani, Vahid Akefi Ghaziani, Moosa Akefi Ghaziani Dr.

Indonesia Law Review

International Investment Law and other international legal systems, such as trade law and environmental law have interactions and dynamic interrelationships in meeting global challenges including energy security, climate change, and the need for the renewable energy transition. They help in delivering the principles of justice in the context of changing global values and legal practices. Accordingly, they have a potential share in the global climate change mitigation agenda through innovative policies and regulations, inter alia, to facilitate and promote foreign investment and trade in the renewable energy sector. Similarly, these systems have common principles in their respective agreements. The Most-Favoured …


Solution Concerning Climate Change And Utilization Of Wind Turbine And Floating Pv In Coastal Area, Rifka Sofianita, Adi Surjosatyo, Sri Rachmawati Siregar Dec 2019

Solution Concerning Climate Change And Utilization Of Wind Turbine And Floating Pv In Coastal Area, Rifka Sofianita, Adi Surjosatyo, Sri Rachmawati Siregar

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

The global average sea level is rising at a rate of 3.2 mm per year according to recent observations of the IPCC. One of the main factors in sea level rise is thermal expansion, where greenhouse gases, especially CO2, accumulate and generate heat (climate change), thereby melting glaciers in the polar regions. Two villages in Kampung Bungin Bekasi, Indonesia, have already been experiencing flooding. Climate change can be addressed by environmental conservation and utilization of renewable energy to reduce CO2 production. Environmental conservation can be conducted by planting mangroves, while renewable energy is achieved by using natural renewable resources. Planting …


Catalytic Cracking Of Methyl Ester From Used Cooking Oil With Ni-Ion-Exchanged Zsm-5 Catalyst, Oki Alfernando, Rozie Sarip, Titin Anggraini, Nazarudin Nazarudin Dec 2019

Catalytic Cracking Of Methyl Ester From Used Cooking Oil With Ni-Ion-Exchanged Zsm-5 Catalyst, Oki Alfernando, Rozie Sarip, Titin Anggraini, Nazarudin Nazarudin

Makara Journal of Science

Fossil crude reserves continue to decline, eventually leading to a reduced availability of fuel oil in Indonesia. Thus, the use of alternative plant-derived renewable energy sources, such as biodiesel should be considered. However, biodiesel as a fuel alternative has many drawbacks. In this study, biodiesel was cracked using a Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst to improve its quality. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained from ion-exchange and catalytically crack methyl esters from used cooking oil. Three Ni-metal concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used for the ion-exchange of ZSM-5. Ni catalysts were then utilized for catalytic cracking at …


Catalytic Cracking Of Used Cooking Oil Using Cobalt-Impregnated Carbon Catalysts, Ira Galih Prabasari, Rozie Sarip, Suci Rahmayani, Nazarudin Sep 2019

Catalytic Cracking Of Used Cooking Oil Using Cobalt-Impregnated Carbon Catalysts, Ira Galih Prabasari, Rozie Sarip, Suci Rahmayani, Nazarudin

Makara Journal of Science

This study investigated the cracking of used cooking oil using cobalt-impregnated carbon catalysts (Co-carbon) to produce biofuel. Carbon was impregnated with cobalt at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% to produce Co-carbon catalysts. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the amorphous nature of the catalysts. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of cobalt into carbon at levels of 4.46%, 6.74%, and 0.86% and further revealed that the Co-carbon catalysts contained pores and that each of them was slightly unique. The cracking procedure was conducted at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. Analysis of the catalytic cracking …


Sorption-Based Energy Storage Systems: A Review, Kyaw Thu, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Sourav Mitra, Bidyut Baran Saha Apr 2019

Sorption-Based Energy Storage Systems: A Review, Kyaw Thu, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Sourav Mitra, Bidyut Baran Saha

Makara Journal of Technology

Mismatched timing between the supply and demand of energy calls for reliable storage systems. Energy storage systems have become further significant with the widespread implementation of renewable energy. These systems can mitigate problems that are often associated with renewable energy sources such as supply unreliability while meeting the de-mand during peak hours. Energy can be stored in various forms, yet storage systems can be generally grouped based on their output forms, namely (i) electricity and (ii) heat or thermal energy. Electrical energy is the most convenient and effective form since it can power almost all modern devices. However, the electricity …


Energy Security Scenario Based On Renewable Resources: A Case Study Of East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Budi Yulianto, Syamsul Maarif, Chandra Wijaya, Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo Mar 2019

Energy Security Scenario Based On Renewable Resources: A Case Study Of East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Budi Yulianto, Syamsul Maarif, Chandra Wijaya, Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

This study aims to analyze the state of energy security in East Sumba, one of the four regencies dividing the Island of Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This region was chosen for this study as it is popularly known as the Iconic Island of Renewable Energy. Data was gathered by applying expert interview method and analytical hierarchy process. In sum, 30 source persons dealing with the energy security issue were interviewed: 11 government officials (G), 8 businessmen (B), 5scholars (A), 4 from the common society (C), and 2 from a financial institution. This study applied energy security index to …


Reconstructing Indonesian Fiscal Policy For Sustainable National Electricity: A Quintuple Helix Perspective, Maria R.U.D Tambunan Jul 2018

Reconstructing Indonesian Fiscal Policy For Sustainable National Electricity: A Quintuple Helix Perspective, Maria R.U.D Tambunan

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

The article aims at examining current Indonesian fiscal policy against its goals a possibility of its revitalization to support the government’s vision, which is optimizing the use of renewable energy to ensure the availability of electricity in pursuit of sustainable development in Indonesia.The use of renewable energy to generate electricity,such as geothermal, wind, solar power, and biomass, is only in a small proportion whereas their potential is abundant hence constantly high dependence on fossil energy. In a context of fiscal policy, it shows that the government has made efforts by offering fiscal incentives, however, the fiscal incentives has not been …


Persistensi Bahan Bakar Fosil: Analisis Path Dependence Dalam Bauran Konsumsi-Energi Indonesia Periode 1980–2015, Made Harimbawa Oct 2016

Persistensi Bahan Bakar Fosil: Analisis Path Dependence Dalam Bauran Konsumsi-Energi Indonesia Periode 1980–2015, Made Harimbawa

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Current fossil fuels use has created two major issues: environmental damage from greenhouse gas emissions and energy security. In the recent decades, development in science and technology along with increasing demand for shifting to cleaner and renewable energy sources have not yet changed the proportion of fossil fuel in Indonesia energy-consumption mix. One explanation to this phenomenon is the existence of path dependence that locks Indonesia’s technological systems and institutions into cycles of fossil fuels consumption, which in turn limiting the development of alternative technologies. Analysis using equilibrium dependent model suggests that this is the case: fossil fuels persistence in …


Optimization Of Electricity Generation Schemes In The Java-Bali Grid System With Co2 Reduction Consideration, Farizal Farizal, Wenty Eka Septia, Amar Rachman, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia Aug 2016

Optimization Of Electricity Generation Schemes In The Java-Bali Grid System With Co2 Reduction Consideration, Farizal Farizal, Wenty Eka Septia, Amar Rachman, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

Makara Journal of Technology

This research considers the problem of reducing CO2 emissions from the Java-Bali power grid system that consists of a variety of power-generating plants: coal-fired, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy (PV, geothermal, hydroelectric, wind, and landfill gas). The problem is formulated as linear programming and solved using LINGO 10. The model was developed for a nation to meet a specified CO2 emission target. Two carbon dioxide mitigation options are considered in this study, i.e. fuel balancing and fuel switching. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions by 26% in 2021, State Electric Supply Company (PLN) has to generate up to …


Cdm Potential In Palm Solid Waste Cogeneration As An Alternative Energy In Aceh Province, Mahidin Mahidin, Izarul Machdar, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Nizar Nov 2012

Cdm Potential In Palm Solid Waste Cogeneration As An Alternative Energy In Aceh Province, Mahidin Mahidin, Izarul Machdar, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Nizar

Makara Journal of Technology

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a solid waste in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry does not utilized yet as an alternative energy source to generate electricity. It is well known that use of solid wate (biomass) as an energy source is part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scheme due to direct reduction of Green House Gases (GHGs) emission and provide a direct contribution to sustainable development. Utilization of EFB as a source of energy is very potential to be implemented in Aceh since this province has 25 CPO Mills at the moment which actively produce about 870,000 ton EFB …