Digital Commons Network^™

Cosmology Performed, The World Transformed: Mimesis And The Logical Operations Of Nature And Culture In Myth In Amazonia And Beyond, Deon Liebenberg

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

By analyzing myths from around the world to build an argument regarding the relation between cosmology and community, Amazonian myths are set within a broader set of mythic imageries. Lévi-Strauss showed how a structural description of myth should fully incorporate the entire set of variant arrangements through which its elements or terms could be related to one another. Despite the criticism to which his approach has been subject, the notion that certain kinds of logical operations could be gleaned in the organization of myth continues to yield valuable insights. In this paper, I contend that the mimetic representation of empirically …

Persuasive Kinship: Human–Plant Relations In Southwest Amazonia, Fabiana Maizza

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Based on my ethnographic research with the Jarawara people, an indigenous society in the Southwest Amazonia, the article explores the idea of thinking kinship as persuasion. Among the Jarawara, children can have more than one father, which is well known in Americanist literature, but there would exist as well an original practice what we could call "multi-maternity". I also observe that the Jarawara can have diverse parental relations - some of their children are human, while others are plants. This occurs in a system of raising (nayana) in which children and plants are raised by a father and/or a mother …

Guns And Sorcery: Raiding, Trading, And Kanaima Among The Makushi, James Andrew Whitaker

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Raiding, trading, and sorcery are historically-interrelated phenomena among the Makushi Amerindians in Guyana. Colonial documents reveal that the Makushi were heavily targeted during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by Luso-Brazilian and Amerindian slavers. The form of such slaving frequently fluctuated between raiding and trading and formed a nexus around which practices of sorcery came to be centred. A connexion between the historical positions of the Makushi as victims of slaving and practitioners of kanaima sorcery has been identified by Neil Whitehead, who hypothesized that kanaima practices gained socially-sanctioned applications as the introduction of guns led to transformations in traditional …

Indigenous Agency In The Amazon: The Mojos In Liberal And Rubber-Boom Bolivia, 1842–1932 By Gary Van Valen, Susan Tanner

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Una Ventana Hacia La Antropología Amazónica En El Perú (1997–2017), Jean-Pierre Chaumeil

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Territorial Rule In Columbia And The Transformation Of The Llanos Orientales By Jane M. Rausch, Marcela Velasco

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Radical Territories In The Brazilian Amazon: The Kayapó’S Fight For Just Livelihoods By Laura Zanotti, Diego Soares Da Silveira

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Dispossession And Protection In The Neoliberal Era: The Politics Of Rural Development In Indigenous Communities In Chaco, Argentina., Mercedes Biocca

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Neoliberal reforms and technological innovations associated with the agribusiness model have led to profound transformations in the Argentine agricultural sector. These transformations, far from being limited to a central region, are expanding rapidly into areas previously considered marginal, causing major changes in the socio-economic and cultural dynamics of those territories. As argued by Sanyal and Chatterjee, the state has played a dual role in these processes of ‘accumulation by dispossession.’ On the one hand, it has created the necessary conditions for the displacement of peasants and indigenous peoples while on the other hand, it has implemented programs that seek to …

Canela Shamanism: Shamans’ Accounts, “Journeying,” And Delimitation Of Shamanic Terms, William H. Crocker

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In this article I recount the stories of various shamans I have worked with throughout many decades of fieldwork among the Ramkokamekra-Canela (Eastern Timbira) of central Maranhão state, Brazil. Along with their narratives, I provide ethnographic context in order to address the following questions: (1) Who is a shaman? (2) What is shamanism? Is shamanism better understood (3) as a process or a method that is carried out to achieve certain ends, or is it better understood (4) as a particular set of beliefs associated with particular cultures? Additionally, (5) are altered or shamanic states of consciousness found in Canela …

Working With Creative Leaders: Exploring The Relationship Between Supervisors' And Subordinates' Creativity, Gamze Koseoglu, Yi Liu, Christina E. Shalley

School of Business Faculty Research

We propose that supervisors' own level of creativity is a core component of effective leadership that can be associated with subordinates' self-concept and creativity. Specifically, drawing on the identity theory framework, and role identity theory in particular, we argue that subordinates' creative role identity is an important underlying mechanism in the relationship between supervisors' level of creativity and their subordinates' creativity. Using a sample of 443 employees working with 44 supervisors in an IT firm, we hypothesized and found support for a moderated mediation model. There was a positive indirect relationship between supervisors' creativity and their subordinates' creativity via the …

Development And Validation Of Makeup And Sexualized Clothing Questionnaires, H. Smith, Marisol Perez, M. R. Sladek, Carolyn Becker, T. K. Ohrt, A. B. Bruening

Psychology Faculty Research

Background: Body acceptance programs on college campuses indicated that collegiate women often report feeling pressure to dress in a sexualized manner, and use makeup to enhance beauty. Currently, no quantitative measures exist to assess attitudes and daily behaviors that may arise in response to perceived pressure to wear makeup or dress in a provocative manner. The goal of the current studies was to develop brief self-report questionnaires aimed at assessing makeup and sexualized clothing use and attitudes in young women.

Methods: An exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 403 undergraduate women was used in Study 1 to create items …

An Active Galactic Nucleus Caught In The Act Of Turning Off And On, Julia M. Comerford, R Scott Barrows, Francisco Müller Sánchez, Rebecca Nevin, Jenny E. Greene, David Pooley, Daniel Stern, Fiona A. Harrison

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research

We present the discovery of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) that is turning off and then on again in the z = 0.06 galaxy SDSS J1354+1327. This episodic nuclear activity is the result of discrete accretion events that could have been triggered by a past interaction with the companion galaxy that is currently located 12.5 kpc away. We originally targeted SDSS J1354+1327 because its Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum has narrow AGN emission lines that exhibit a velocity offset of 69 km s⁻¹ relative to systemic. To determine the nature of the galaxy and its velocity-offset emission lines, we …

Keynote Address At The National Society Of Collegiate Scholars Induction Ceremony 2017, Michael J. Hughes

Library Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Variation In The Utility Of A Status Signaling System: Plumage Ornament Predicts Foraging Success Only During Periods Of High Competition, Philip Queller, Troy G. Murphy

Biology Faculty Research

Status signals allow competitors to assess each other’s resource holding potential and reduce the occurrence of physical fights. Because status signals function to mediate competition over resources, a change in the strength of competition may affect the utility of a status signaling system. Status signals alter competitor behavior during periods of high competition, and thus determine access to resources; however, when competition is reduced, we expect these signals to become disassociated from access to resources. We investigated seasonal changes in status signaling of the male black-crested titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus), a species that experiences substantial changes in population density …

Rethinking Special Collections Moves As Opportunities, Not Obstacles, Colleen Hoelscher, Sarah Burke Cahalan

Library Faculty Research

In the summer of 2017, the Marian Library—a special library devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary within the larger University of Dayton Libraries system—completed a move of its rare book and archival collections into a new space within the main library building. The space, previously leased to the Society of Mary provincial archives, was already outfitted with a Liebert system for temperature and humidity controls, as well as shelving and some furniture.

The Anti-Human Condition: Violence, Identity, And Coming-Of-Age In The Painted Bird, Malcolm Conner

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

Jerzy Kosinski’s first novel, The Painted Bird, (1965) remains one of the most controversial works of Holocaust fiction ever published. A dystopic coming-of-age story set on a Bosch-like backdrop of war-torn eastern Europe, the novel is loosely based off Kosinski’s experiences during World War II, when he and his family hid from the Nazis in rural Poland. (Sloan, 7-54) The nameless protagonist – known only as the boy – passes from village to village as an unwanted outsider, often abused and barely surviving. For six years, “the boy's life is an unmitigated series of horrors and atrocities, which though episodic …

Prey Availability Affects Territory Size, But Not Territorial Display Behavior, In Green Anole Lizards, Chelsea M. Stehle, Andrew C. Battles, Michelle N. Sparks, Michele A. Johnson

Biology Faculty Research

The availability of food resources can affect the size and shape of territories, as well as the behaviors used to defend territories, in a variety of animal taxa. However, individuals within a population may respond differently to variation in food availability if the benefits of territoriality vary among those individuals. For example, benefits to territoriality may differ for animals of differing sizes, because larger individuals may require greater territory size to acquire required resources, or territorial behavior may differ between the sexes if males and females defend different resources in their territories. In this study, we tested whether arthropod abundance …

Mourners In The Court: Victims In Death Penalty Trials, Through The Lens Of Performance, Sarah Beth Kaufman

Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Research

This article presents findings from ethnographic research in death penalty trials around the United States, focusing on the role of victims and their supporters. Victim impact testimony (VIT) in death penalty sentencing has received intense legal scrutiny during the past thirty years. The ruling jurisprudence allows VIT with the explanation that it deserves parity with testimony about the defendant's background. Drawing on observations and interviews with participants in 15 death penalty trials, I demonstrate that this framing confuses the central role of victim supporters in the courtroom. Victim supporters function as mourners, which grants them a socially elevated position in …

Goethe's Colors: Revolutionary Optics And The Anthropocene, Heather I. Sullivan

Modern Languages and Literatures Faculty Research

Renowned poet and author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) claimed that his greatest contribution to the world was not his famous Faust (Part I in 1808 and Part II in 1832) or his best-selling 1774 epistolary novel, Die Leiden des jungen Werther [Sorrows of Young Werther], the first German novel to achieve international fame, but was instead his scientific treatise on optics and colors, Zur Farbenlehre [Towards a Theory of Color] from 1810.

From Madisonian Secularism To A Christian Government: The International Religious Freedom Act Of 1998, Margaret Chase

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

As he signed H.R. 2431, the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (IRFA), into law, President Clinton declared his administration was “committed to promoting religious freedom worldwide,” and making religious freedom “a central element of U.S. foreign policy.” ¹ Senator Daniel Kahikina Akaka (D-HI) described the legislation as “one of the most important pieces in foreign relations” and as a “necessary step to ensure that religious persecution will not be tolerated in [the United States’] conduct of foreign policy.” ² Jesse Helms, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, stated the “senseless injustice of religious persecution abroad” had “stirred …

The Emergence Of United States Human Rights Policy During Argentina’S Dirty War, Beth Legg

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

Argentina’s Dirty War from 1976-1983 was an ideological and criminal dictatorship regime that took the lives of approximately 30,000 Argentine people. In America, the 20^th century’s second quarter experienced an ideological paralysis with the cold war and détente negotiations. Consequentially, the United States initially supported Argentina’s military regime due to the perception of a strong and independent government resilient to Soviet influences. United States Ambassador to Argentina Robert C. Hill looked to the Argentine generals as a source of stability and implementation of a “moderate government now led by Gen[eral] Videla” to uphold “interests, like ours” and oppose communist …

Paradoxes Of Gender Equality Policies And Domestic Working Conditions In Madrid, Zabdi Salazar

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

Madrid has experienced a significant integration of Latin American immigrant women in its domestic service labor market since 2005. The general sentiment among Madrileños is that the phenomenon benefits both Spanish working mothers and immigrant women, but despite the ILO’s (International Labour Organization) 2011 convention on expanding the rights of domestic workers, the implementation of such rights under Spanish law has fallen short. Current academic literature on the issue of migration focuses on immigration law, attitudes, and practices. It also examines the intersection of gender, race, age, and educational attainment. We explored paradoxes between the Spanish government’s goals of gender …

"Unjust Laws Do Not Bind In Conscience": Archbishop Lucey, Catholic Social Thought, And Civil Rights, Thomas Harvell-Degolier

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

Following the March on Selma, a pinnacle moment in the American civil rights struggle, the Archbishop of San Antonio, Robert E. Lucey, penned a letter to the Reverend Claude William Black, of San Antonio’s Mt. Zion Baptist Church. In his letter, the Archbishop conveyed a sense of indignation concerning the actions of the government towards the peaceful protesters, writing “in Selma, the State troopers instead of protecting the rights of the colored marchers attacked them and wounded them.... any citizen has a right to walk peacefully in defense of justice.”¹ Furthermore, the irate Archbishop lacerated the logic of the …

Anti-Chinese Sentiment In Contemporary Vietnam: Constructing Nationalism, New Democracy, And The Use Of “The Other”, Nhi Hoang Thuc Nguyen

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

In the late 2000s, conflict between Vietnam and China over the Spratly and Paracel Islands ignited many street protests in Vietnam. Vietnamese citizens called for aggressive national defense, and engaged in sniping and trolling on the Internet. Even though historical anti-China sentiment in Vietnam has been explored in academic scholarship, no work has yet examined the contemporary anti-China movement in terms of cultural derision, stereotypic labeling, and even small-scale clashes. Moreover, very limited literature has scrutinized the situation through a bottom-up approach that focuses on the roles of unofficial media, social networks, and other factors beyond the state, and how …

From Efficacy To Global Impact: Lessons Learned About What Not To Do In Translating Our Research To Reach, Carolyn Becker

Psychology Faculty Research

Although members of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies have made significant strides towards the collective goals outlined in our mission statement, we routinely acknowledge that our ability to develop empirically supported treatments exceeds our success in improving dissemination and implementation of said interventions. Further, as noted by Kazdin and Blase (2011), even if we succeeded in having every clinician world-wide administer our best treatments with excellent competency, we still would be unsuccessful in markedly impacting the worldwide burden of mental illness because most treatments require intensive labor by expensive providers. To this end, Kazdin and Blase and others …

The Female Athlete Body (Fab) Study: Rationale, Design, And Baseline Characteristics, Tiffany M. Stewart, Tarryn Pollard, Tom Hildebrandt, Robbie Beyl, Nicole Wesley, Lisa S. Kilpela, Carolyn Becker

Psychology Faculty Research

Background: Eating Disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric illnesses marked by psychiatric comorbidity, medical complications, and functional impairment. Research indicates that female athletes are often at greater risk for developing ED pathology versus non-athlete females. The Female Athlete Body (FAB) study is a three-site, randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to assess the efficacy of a behavioral ED prevention program for female collegiate athletes when implemented by community providers. This paper describes the design, intervention, and participant baseline characteristics. Future papers will discuss outcomes.

Methods: Female collegiate athletes (N = 481) aged 17–21 were randomized by site, team, and sport type to …

Food Insecurity And Eating Disorder Pathology, Carolyn Becker, Keesha M. Middlemass, Brigitte Taylor, Clara Johnson, Francesca Gomez

Psychology Faculty Research

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate eating disorder (ED) pathology in those living with food insecurity. A secondary aim was to investigate whether any-reason dietary restraint, weight self-stigma, and worry increased as level of food insecurity increased.

Method: Participants (N = 503) seeking food from food pantries completed questionnaires assessing level of food insecurity, demographics, ED pathology, dietary restraint, weight self-stigma, and worry.

Results: Consistent with hypotheses, participants with the highest level of food insecurity (i.e., adults who reported having hungry children in their household) also endorsed significantly higher levels of binge eating, overall ED …

Clustered And Distinct: A Taxonomy Of Local Multihospital Systems, Patrick D. Shay, Stephen S. Farnsworth Mick

Health Care Administration Faculty Research

Despite their prevalence and power in markets throughout the United States, local multihospital systems (LMSs)—also referred to as hospital-based “clusters”—remain an understudied organizational form, with studies instead primarily focusing either upon individual hospitals or viewing hospital systems collectively without distinguishing the local “sub-systems” that comprise larger regional or national hospital chains. To better understand these organizational forms, we develop a taxonomy specifically devoted to LMSs, applying taxonomic analysis methods to a sample of LMSs in six U.S. states while accounting for LMSs’ geographic arrangements and non-hospital-based service locations. Our analysis identifies five distinct LMS categories, with forms clearly distinguished according …

Development Of The Referee Retention Scale, Lynn L. Ridinger, Kyungun R. Kim, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle

School of Business Faculty Research

Building upon the current sport officiating research, this study puts forth the Referee Retention Scale (RRS). Through a three-phase process, the researchers developed a valid and reliable scale to predict sport officials’ job satisfaction and intention to continue. The first phase consisted of instrument development, while the second phase included field testing of referees (n=253). After EFA and Rasch analysis, the resultant refined scale from phase 1 and 2 was then administered to 979 referees in phase 3. Phase 3 results using CFA indicated that the 7-factor, 28-item RRS was a valid and reliable tool for measuring and predicting referee …

From Efficacy To Effectiveness To Broad Implementation: Evolution Of The Body Project, Carolyn Becker, Eric Stice

Psychology Faculty Research

Objective: At the turn of the millennium, eating disorders (EDs) prevention was largely nonexistent. No program had reduced future onset of EDs in even a single trial, and most had not reduced ED symptoms. Sixteen years later, the ED prevention field has translated basic risk factor research into interventions, with demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in reducing ED risk factors and symptoms, as well as future ED onset in some trials. This article reviews the aforementioned progress focusing on a model intervention (i.e., the Body Project [BP]).

Method: The article is a qualitative review of the existing BP literature.

Results: Although …