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Mechanical Processing Of European Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas), The Development Of A Value-Added Product And The Use Of Restructuring Additives To Increase The Functional Properties Of Green Crab Patties, Joseph A. Galetti
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) has proven to be a successful invasive predator and has potential to be a valuable food source for human consumption. Due to the small size of green crab, hand picking commercial operations are not feasible. The objectives of this research were to develop uses for this undervalued resource by examining mechanical separation techniques of mince meat; developing a consumer acceptable mince meat product and exploring the functionality of green crab mince meat with additions of restructuring additives. The first part of this research was designed to determine how boil versus steam thermal processing, large …
The Removal Of Wood Components From Hardwood By Hot Water, Rory Jara
The Removal Of Wood Components From Hardwood By Hot Water, Rory Jara
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from wood is a promising technology in the integrated biorefmery concept. A particular case is where the pulp industry makes co-products such as ethanol and acetic acid besides pulp thereby maximizing the value of biomass. Similarly, the oriented strand board (OSB) industry appears to be suitable for this technical approach as it is composed of large centralized facilities. Many studies have been carried out on the kinetics and mechanism of hot-water extraction of lignocellulosics. However, most of these studies were performed in batch reactors which are not best suited to determine intrinsic kinetics of hemicellulose dissolution …
A Characterization Of Maine Blueberry Growers In 2010, Anya Rose
A Characterization Of Maine Blueberry Growers In 2010, Anya Rose
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A survey was sent to 343 lowbush blueberry growers in Maine with a response rate of 29%. Growers were asked questions about their management practices, pesticide use, priorities, decision-making influences, and beliefs about pesticide safety. Respondents categorized themselves into one of four categories: Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Conventional, Organic, and No-Spray. Analyses were conducted to examine factors that were linked to these four categories. A major goal of this study was to determine differences and similarities between growers of different management styles, and to define each category by the practices and beliefs of its members. Toxicity ratings were also calculated …
Mobile Map Browsers: Anticipated User Interaction For Data Pre-Fetching, Benjamin T. Weber
Mobile Map Browsers: Anticipated User Interaction For Data Pre-Fetching, Benjamin T. Weber
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
When browsing a graphical display of geospatial data on mobile devices, users typically change the displayed maps by panning, zooming in and out, or rotating the device. Limited storage space on mobile devices and slow wireless communications, however, impede the performance of these operations. To overcome the bottleneck that all map data to be displayed on the mobile device need to be downloaded on demand, this thesis investigates how anticipated user interactions affect intelligent pre-fetching so that an on-demand download session is extended incrementally. User interaction is defined as a set of map operations that each have corresponding effects on …
Natural Selection And Its Interactions With Migration And Population Demography: Experiments In Wild Guppy Populations, Dylan Jones Weese
Natural Selection And Its Interactions With Migration And Population Demography: Experiments In Wild Guppy Populations, Dylan Jones Weese
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation I quantify spatial and temporal variation in the pattern and strength of natural selection in wild populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), and assess the demographic costs of ongoing contemporary evolution in the form of selection against migrants. First, I describe the results often mark-recapture experiments to test hypotheses concerning the role of natural selection in geographic patterns of trait variation. Previous work has reported that guppies inhabiting high- and low-predation sites differ in both body shape and color. These patterns of phenotypic variation have been theorized to reflect differences in the balance between functional trade-offs among …
Patterns Of Regeneration Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) As Influenced By Large Isolated Reserve Trees And Precommercial Thinning, Kate E. Zellers
Patterns Of Regeneration Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) As Influenced By Large Isolated Reserve Trees And Precommercial Thinning, Kate E. Zellers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The spruce budworm epidemic of the 1970s and 1980s led to the salvage harvesting of spruce-fir stands, serving as a release for scattered immature eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees. These pines are now growing as large isolated reserve trees above a mixed conifer regeneration stratum. The objectives in this study were to determine any effect of varying levels of basal area (m2 ha-1) of large pine reserve trees may have on (1) the densities (stems ha-1) of both eastern white pine and non-pine species in the developing regeneration stratum, and (2) the …
Examination Of A Biopsychosocial Model For The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Chronic Pain, Anna G. Cassel
Examination Of A Biopsychosocial Model For The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Chronic Pain, Anna G. Cassel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High rates of comorbidity have been reported between PTSD and musculoskeletal pain (e.g., Asmundson & Hadjistavropolous, 2006; Asmundson et al., 1998). Comorbid PTSD and chronic pain have been associated with elevated levels of affective distress, greater perceptions of pain, interference in daily activities, and high rates of disability (Otis et al., 2003; Sherman et al., 2000). Overall, comorbid conditions of PTSD and chronic pain are associated with large personal costs for the individual and economic costs for society. The triple vulnerability model was originally proposed to account for anxiety symptoms in general, and it was later applied to the specific …
Analysis Of Optical Spikes Reveals Dynamics Of Aggregates In The Twilight Zone, Nathan Briggs
Analysis Of Optical Spikes Reveals Dynamics Of Aggregates In The Twilight Zone, Nathan Briggs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The "biological pump," whereby phytoplankton grow in the surface ocean, aggregate, and sink, is a critical process contributing to global atmospheric CO2 drawdown and provides the vast majority of food for deep ocean and benthic ecosystems. The strength of this pump hinges on the amount of material that stick together to form larger aggregates, the sinking rates of these aggregates, and the rate at which they are consumed as they sink. However, marine aggregates, also called "marine snow," are often fragile and notoriously difficult to sample, their sinking rates are highly variable and difficult to quantify, and their concentrations can …
The Growth, Yield, And Financial Performance Of Isolated Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) Reserve Trees, Christopher E. Zellers
The Growth, Yield, And Financial Performance Of Isolated Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) Reserve Trees, Christopher E. Zellers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The ability of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to persist as emergent trees makes this species well suited to silvicultural systems in which they are retained as isolated reserves after a regeneration harvest. While such systems are implemented throughout the Acadian spruce-fir region of Maine, little is known about the growth response and financial performance of eastern white pine following complete release from competition. In this study, 77 trees from 8 sites throughout the Acadian spruce-fir region were sampled tree and crown measurements, and increment cores were extracted at breast height, as well as from the top of …
Assessing Sleep Quality In Young Adult College Students, Aged 18 - 24 In Relation To Quality Of Life And Anthropometrics, Douglas Mathews
Assessing Sleep Quality In Young Adult College Students, Aged 18 - 24 In Relation To Quality Of Life And Anthropometrics, Douglas Mathews
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Little is known about the impact of sleep on quality of life and anthropometrics in young adults. College students (n=218) were recruited through a variety of methods for a study on weight management for obesity prevention and randomized into control (n=108) or treatment (n=110) groups. Of those, 152 (71%) completed pre- and post-tests, including the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), scored 0-4 =normal and 5-21=disordered, (a=0.80), the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ), scored from 0-14=good quality of life to 15-36=poor quality of life, (ct=0.87), and anthropometrics. Statistical analyses included linear regression, one way ANOVA, chi-square analysis, and Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation. Significance …
Late Spring And Summer Phytoplankton Community Dynamics On Georges Bank With Emphasis On Diatoms, Alexandrium Spp., And Other Dinoflagellates, Rachel Gettings
Late Spring And Summer Phytoplankton Community Dynamics On Georges Bank With Emphasis On Diatoms, Alexandrium Spp., And Other Dinoflagellates, Rachel Gettings
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Georges Bank is a highly productive continental shelf system in the Northwest Atlantic that has historically supported a rich fishery. Part of that productivity stems from annual spring diatom bloom, which is followed by post-bloom populations of flagellates, including the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp., responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning. While the general oceanography of Georges Bank has been well studied, far less is known about phytoplankton community dynamics or even basic species distributions and abundance. This thesis is driven in part by the possible competitive interactions among species of phytoplankton which are thought to influence Alexandrium blooms on the Bank. …
Land Use Planning And Vernal Pool Conservation In A Southern Maine Town, Robert Carlton Freeman
Land Use Planning And Vernal Pool Conservation In A Southern Maine Town, Robert Carlton Freeman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation I investigate the impacts of both growth management regulations and vernal pool protection regulations on landscape permeability for wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), a vernal pool-obligate species. Motivated by new legislation in Maine (USA) to protect vernal pools and the species that depend on them, I combined a spatially-explicit economic model of the conversion of undeveloped parcels to residential use with a landscape permeability model for wood frogs. I estimated the economic model using a Bayesian Gibbs Sampler to account for spatial error dependence and used the results to predict future landscape patterns in a focal town, Falmouth, …
Comparing The Reading Behaviors In Three Groups Of First Grade Students - Students Who Discontinued From Reading Recovery, Students Who Did Not Discontinue From Reading Recovery, And Students Who Never Needed Reading Recovery, Sharon Greaney
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the variety, complexity, and frequency of reading behaviors of three groups of first grade students - students who discontinued from Reading Recovery (D-RR), students who did not discontinue from Reading Recovery (ND-RR), and students who never needed Reading Recovery (A-NRR). Students were asked to read from four frequently used assessments - The Scott-Foresman Testing Packet, The Qualitative Reading Inventory - 4, Oral Reading Fluency and the Burt Word Test. An analysis of over 3,000 reading actions revealed four categories: (a) solving behaviors, (b) substitutions, (c) repetitions, and (c) behaviors that did not …
Physiological And Evolutionary Implications Of The Pattern Of Expression Of Oxygen-Binding Hemoproteins In Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes, Kimberly Borley
Physiological And Evolutionary Implications Of The Pattern Of Expression Of Oxygen-Binding Hemoproteins In Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes, Kimberly Borley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Antarctic icefish do not express hemoglobin (Hb). Icefishes possess cardiovascular modifications including increased densities of blood vessels, larger ventricles and increased blood volume compared to red-blooded relatives. In addition to delivering oxygen to tissues, Hb degrades nitric oxide (NO), a small signaling molecule. To investigate the mechanism driving development of icefish cardiovascular characteristics, I present and test the hypothesis that loss of Hb results in increased steady-state levels of NO, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as angiogenesis. I measured NO breakdown products, as a proxy for NO, and found that icefish have higher steady-state levels of NO metabolites in their …
Alteration Of Nucleotide Excision Repair By Estrogens: Implications For Carcinogenesis, Emily Glynn Notch
Alteration Of Nucleotide Excision Repair By Estrogens: Implications For Carcinogenesis, Emily Glynn Notch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Estrogens and estrogen mimics represent a wide range of aquatic contaminants that elicit deleterious effects on exposed organisms. Despite well-characterized reproductive effects of environmental estrogens, less is known about non-reproductive impacts of exogenous estrogen exposure. Additionally, estrogens are known carcinogens, implicated in multiple human cancers. Little or no research has examined the effects of xenoestrogens on DNA repair despite being known carcinogens. The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that aquatic estrogens enhance the effects of environmental mutagens by altering DNA repair. Of particular interest is nucleotide excision repair (NER), the only repair pathway to remove structurally …
Anaerobic Fermentation Of Hemicellulose Present In Green Liquor And Hot Water Extracts To Carboxylic Acids, Rakhi Reddy Baddam
Anaerobic Fermentation Of Hemicellulose Present In Green Liquor And Hot Water Extracts To Carboxylic Acids, Rakhi Reddy Baddam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wood is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In the paper industry the cellulose fraction is the major resource used in paper production, whereas the hemicellulose and the lignin are usually burned for heat recovery. Recently, wood-derived hemicellulose extracts have received much attention for the production of valuable bioproduct fuels and chemicals. Mixed-culture microbial ecosystems are capable of converting biomass materials, such as wood extracts, into mixtures of carboxylic acids (C1-C7), which can in turn be purified and sold as products, or converted into other organic chemicals through chemical means. The relative concentrations of the acids produced in the fermentations …
Assessing The Biological Condition Of Maine Streams And Rivers Using Benthic Algal Communities, Thomas John Danielson
Assessing The Biological Condition Of Maine Streams And Rivers Using Benthic Algal Communities, Thomas John Danielson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to test and develop algal methods of evaluating the condition of Maine streams and rivers. The primary objective was to develop a statistical model to predict attainment of Maine's aquatic life criteria for water quality classes A, B, and C. I collected 298 samples of algae on rocks from 193 locations across the state. The major pattern in species composition related to conversion of forests to urban, residential, and agricultural land uses. I calculated preferred environmental conditions of 236 algal taxa for 1) concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved ions in the water, 2) …
Monitoring Vegetation Change By Using Remote Sensing: An Examination Of Visitor-Induced Impact At Cadillac Mountain, Acadia National Park, Min Kook Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cadillac Mountain, the highest peak along the eastern seaboard in the United States, is a major visitor destination at Acadia National Park. Managing vegetation impact on the summit of Cadillac Mountain is extremely challenging given the number of users and dispersed nature of visitor use at this fragile environmental setting. Since 2000, more intensive management strategies based on placing physical barriers to protect threatened vegetation and leave no trace signs have been employed to reduce vegetation impact and enhance vegetation recovery in the vicinity of the summit loop trail. A number of different change detection techniques and high resolution remote …
The Ecology Of Peer Tutoring: Perspectives Of Student Staff In One High School Writing Center, Cynthia Dean
The Ecology Of Peer Tutoring: Perspectives Of Student Staff In One High School Writing Center, Cynthia Dean
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In high school writing centers that employ students as tutors, staff members can face challenges as they transition into a tutorial role. The purpose of this study was to document the challenges high school writing tutors may encounter as they transition from and between their roles as students and peer tutors. Two conceptual frames, performance theory and social ecology, guided this study. The former framed analysis of peer tutors’ performance in the writing center while social ecology disclosed how the acquisition of identity in one context affects a peer tutor’s activity in others. This qualitative study used a case study …
Hydrologic Variability And Change In The New England Region, Usa, Avirup Sen Gupta
Hydrologic Variability And Change In The New England Region, Usa, Avirup Sen Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Traditional water resources management aims to ensure the steady and reliable water supply for human uses and maximize the economic benefits by dampening natural flow variability. However, such management practices essentially changes the flow regime in many ways and ecological degradation is one of the obvious consequences of that. Natural functioning and productivity of the native species require enough water flow in the streams and lake levels with sufficient quality. Thus, to protect the natural ecosystem diversity, sustainable water allocation policies have been developed and employed by many societies around the world. "Chapter 587: In-stream Flow and Lake and Pond …
Climate Investigations Using Ice Sheet And Mass Balance Models With Emphasis On North American Glaciation, Sean David Birkel
Climate Investigations Using Ice Sheet And Mass Balance Models With Emphasis On North American Glaciation, Sean David Birkel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the application of the University of Maine Ice Sheet Model (UM-ISM) and Environmental Change Model (UM-ECM) to understanding mechanisms of ice-sheet/climate integration during ice ages. The UM-ECM, written by the author for this research, calculates equilibrium biome and snow/ice mass balance solutions for the globe based on modern input climatology and user-defined parameter values. The program was produced in conjunction with a National Science Foundation ITEST grant meant to seed inquiry-based classroom study of Earth systems using computer models. To that end, the UM-ECM serves as both a research and teaching tool. The model has a web-based …
Multiscale Investigation Of Random Heterogenous Media In Materials And Earth Sciences, Andrew J. Goupee
Multiscale Investigation Of Random Heterogenous Media In Materials And Earth Sciences, Andrew J. Goupee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is concerned with three major areas pertaining to the characterization and analysis of heterogeneous materials. The first is focused on the modeling of heterogeneous materials with random microstructure and understanding their thermomechanical properties as well as developing a methodology for the multiscale thermoelastic analysis of random heterogeneous materials. Realistic random microstructures are generated for computational analyses using random morphology description functions. The simulated microstructures closely resemble actual micrographs of random heterogeneous materials. The simulated random microstructures are characterized using statistical techniques and their homogenized material properties computed using the asymptotic expansion homogenization method. The failure response of random …
Higher-Order Physic For Modeling Ice Streams In Ice Sheets, Debra A. Kenneway
Higher-Order Physic For Modeling Ice Streams In Ice Sheets, Debra A. Kenneway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ice streams are transitional between inland glaciers and ice shelves. Hence no stresses can be neglected. Ice streams are important dynamic features of a glacier; it is well known that ice streams drain up to 90% of the ice from an ice sheet. Herein I model ice streams as a multiphysics system of coupled components. This includes treating ice as a non-Newtonian fluid since empirical measurements show a power law relation between stress and strain rate. Sliding is a physical feature that must be included. This is done with a novel approach to sliding by way of a slippery layer. …
A Monolithic Spiral Coil Acoustic Transduction Sensor For Chemical And Biological Analytes, Donald F. Mccann
A Monolithic Spiral Coil Acoustic Transduction Sensor For Chemical And Biological Analytes, Donald F. Mccann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Acoustic wave sensor platforms typically consist of piezoelectric materials in which bulk or surface acoustic waves are excited by metallic transducers deposited on the sensing surface of the platform. This type of transduction has limitations. In particular the transducer may limit the type of sensing film that can be used or analyte that can be measured and limit the frequency of operation of the sensor. In this work a novel method of exciting high frequency bulk acoustic waves in piezoelectric sensor platforms has been explored. This technique consists of applying time varying electromagnetic fields to the sensor platform using an …
How Business Climate And Political Climate Influence Economic Growth And Economic Development In The American States, James H. Black
How Business Climate And Political Climate Influence Economic Growth And Economic Development In The American States, James H. Black
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Economist Joseph Schumpeter’s examination into the relationships between business cycles and periods of economic expansion defines the government’s role in markets as limited. However, he viewed government intervention as a precursor to improving the levels of economic growth and expanding an individual’s quality of life. This study examines how measures of business and political climate might explain variations in the level of economic growth and development across the states. Economic growth is gauged from the microeconomic perspective of the individual (per capita income) and from the macroeconomic viewpoint of the state’s economy (gross state product). Economic development is defined by …
Assessment Of Benthic Flux Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Estuaries Using The Eddy Correlation Technique, Michael P. Swett
Assessment Of Benthic Flux Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Estuaries Using The Eddy Correlation Technique, Michael P. Swett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a water quality concern in estuarine environments, as DOC facilitates mobilization of metals and organics in sediments and leads to toxic disinfection byproducts during water treatment. Export of DOC from sediments can vary with changing environmental conditions, including wetland restoration and rising sea levels. Therefore, it is important to quantify flux of DOC across the sediment-water interface (SWI). Existing DOC flux measurement techniques, such as equilibrium dialysis, porewater extraction, and benthic chamber measurement, are intrusive to the sediment environment and underestimate flux by only capturing certain flux contributions. In this research, methods for estimating benthic …
Improving Parallel I/O Performance Using Interval I/O, Jeremy Logan
Improving Parallel I/O Performance Using Interval I/O, Jeremy Logan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Today's most advanced scientific applications run on large clusters consisting of hundreds of thousands of processing cores, access state of the art parallel file systems that allow files to be distributed across hundreds of storage targets, and utilize advanced interconnections systems that allow for theoretical I/O bandwidth of hundreds of gigabytes per second. Despite these advanced technologies, these applications often fail to obtain a reasonable proportion of available I/O bandwidth. The reasons for the poor performance of application I/O include the noncontiguous I/O access patterns used for scientific computing, contention due to false sharing, and the somewhat finicky nature of …
Genetic Diversity, Micro Propagation, And Cold Hardiness Of Ilex Glabra (L.) A. Gray, Youping Sun
Genetic Diversity, Micro Propagation, And Cold Hardiness Of Ilex Glabra (L.) A. Gray, Youping Sun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ilex glabra (L.) A.Gray (inkberry) is a native evergreen shrub with dark green foliage and compact habit. This shrub has gained popularity in the northern landscapes of the United States and more nursery growers would like to produce it. To better understand genetic relationships among inkberry cultivars and breed cold-hardy cultivars for northern nursery growers and landscape specialists, the following projects were conducted. A group of 48 inkberry accessions and two other Ilex species (Ilex crenata Thunb. and I. mutchagara Makino) were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 229 markers between 50 and 500 base …
Cripping The Workspace: Performing Physically Disabled Professional Identity In Personal Narrative, Julie-Ann Scott
Cripping The Workspace: Performing Physically Disabled Professional Identity In Personal Narrative, Julie-Ann Scott
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study is a performance of identity analysis of 26 physically disabled professionals‘ open-ended personal narratives. Through adapting Riessman‘s five steps to narrative analysis to a performance methodology and applying Bamberg‘s narrative positioning, this study crystallizes the ongoing formation and re-formation of physically disabled professional identity in time, space, and discourse and the possibilities to reiterate, dismantle, and transform these meanings in future interactions. From a performance perspective, a story not only reflects reality, but is its own reality, constituting meaning and understanding in time and space. Physical disability is at once a personal experience and a shared cultural creation …