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Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy In Cancer, Brian Stahl
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy In Cancer, Brian Stahl
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
The development of immune-checkpoint-inhibitors (ICIs) has led to promising advancements in the treatment of patients with cancers, leading with the use of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) as a negative regulator of T cell activation in the mid-1990s. With the discovery of two ligands for program cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and promising checkpoint blockades in 2010, this sparked a cascade of hallmark immunotherapy drug patents, focusing on the mechanism of anti PD-1 and anti PD-L1 antibody inhibitors. Since then, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have emerged into the immuno-oncologic scene for treatment of hematological malignancies. These genetically …
A Review Of T1d: Prevalence, Current Therapies, And Cellular Therapies For The Future, Fahd Nazir
A Review Of T1d: Prevalence, Current Therapies, And Cellular Therapies For The Future, Fahd Nazir
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and therefore, creating an insulin deficiency within the body. A deficiency of insulin within the body disrupts homeostatic glucose control leading to hyperglycemia and therefore, the need for exogenous insulin. Global incidence of T1D has been increasing for several decades and if current trajectory trends continue, incidence could double in the next year. In addition, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Current therapies for the treatment of T1D include insulin injections, insulin-pump therapy, pancreatic transplant, and …
Interrelationships Of Systemic Changes In Hepatic Encephalopathy, Els Reuvekamp
Interrelationships Of Systemic Changes In Hepatic Encephalopathy, Els Reuvekamp
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Hepatic encephalopathy is a temporary decline in mental function that is often associated with liver disease and/or portal-systemic disease. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) symptoms can range from minor cognitive declines to coma and are known to result from excess ammonia accumulations in the blood stream subsequent to liver failure. While HE is known to result from hepatobiliary disorder, many of the physiological process underlying its development and progression remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have identified neurological, metabolic, and microbiome changes implicated in the disease state of HE. In this review, the roles of traditional pharmaceutical interventions and newly developing understandings …
Review Of A Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Influenza Vaccine Approach, Whitney Muck
Review Of A Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Influenza Vaccine Approach, Whitney Muck
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Influenza virus has affected human populations for centuries, causing an acute respiratory effect on the body. Even with scientific advancements in vaccine research, there are still serious limitations to the influenza vaccine. Varying strains and the constant recombination of the influenza virus has caused annual influenza circulation to be difficult to predict. The ongoing 40 race to develop a more efficient vaccine to broadly protect against the variety of influenza strains remains a public health priority. Many strategies have been studied to improve the current vaccine. The use of a chimeric hemagglutinin-based vaccine is in the first stages of human …
Disruptions In Mitochondrial Fission And Fusion Associated With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Tristan Carivau
Disruptions In Mitochondrial Fission And Fusion Associated With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Tristan Carivau
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of hereditary peripheral neuropathies that can result from defects in a wide spectrum of genes. Some of these genetic defects disrupt mitochondrial fusion and fission in the peripheral neurons, ultimately leading poor axonal transport, which is one of the two major cellular phenotypes associated with CMT. While the mechanisms of how these mutated genes lead to disrupted axonal transport are not entirely understood, knowledge on this process, and the genes involved, has expanded substantially in the past decade. Currently, there is no cure for any form of CMT, and most treatments focuses on symptom …
A Review Of Virus-Vectored Vaccines: Current Production Methods, Uses, Issues, And Future Perspectives, Jaden Marks
A Review Of Virus-Vectored Vaccines: Current Production Methods, Uses, Issues, And Future Perspectives, Jaden Marks
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Viral vector vaccines have recently risen to the forefront of vaccinology, but there are multiple factors that must be addressed before they achieve widespread approval and use. The concept of using viruses as vectors is not new, and numerous attempts to create vaccines that utilize virus vectors have been made in the past 25 years. Despite this, only one viral vector vaccine has gained full approval by the FDA. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of viral vector vaccines, production and purification methods, current and future viral vector vaccines, the issues and …
Alzheimer’S Disease: An Overview And Current Phase 3 Disease-Modifying Biologic Treatments, Haley Jahnke
Alzheimer’S Disease: An Overview And Current Phase 3 Disease-Modifying Biologic Treatments, Haley Jahnke
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease caused by cell damage leading to brain changes such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alois Alzheimer was a clinical psychiatrist and neuroanatomist in Germany who first discovered Alzheimer’s Disease through microscopic viewing of Auguste D’s brain. Through more research following Dr. Alzheimer’s death, they began to stage AD. The six stages are: pre-clinical, mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, and very severe. The current treatments approved by the FDA work to slow the progression of AD, rather than modify the disease. There are currently three Disease-Modifying Biologic clinical-trial drugs on the market …
Oral Microbiome And Its Effect On Respiratory Disease, Cole Pudwill
Oral Microbiome And Its Effect On Respiratory Disease, Cole Pudwill
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
The oral microbiome is composed of several different types of bacteria that can affect how our body operates. There are over 700 different bacteria living in our mouths. These bacteria can be helpful and harmful to our bodies, but they are synergistic in a way. There are several factors such as age, diet, smoking, and oral care that affect bacterial makeup. When there 10 is a significant difference, our immune system becomes weakened and respiratory disease set in. The immune system then works to return the microbiome back to homeostasis. When this fails, the diseases become chronic. Thus, the oral …
Non-Invasive Biomarkers For The Diagnosis Of Endometriosis And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Chandana Kamaraj
Non-Invasive Biomarkers For The Diagnosis Of Endometriosis And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Chandana Kamaraj
Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects
Benign gynecological disorders can affect a high percentage of women of reproductive age, ages 15-44 years. These conditions can affect the lifestyle of the individual and can be associated with infertility. The gold standard to identify and diagnose endometriosis requires invasive surgical procedures, while the Rotterdam Criteria is used to identify and diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to discuss, describe, and characterize potential non-invasive biomarkers that are present in various pathological stages of both endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. These biomarkers include CA125, Serum galectin-9, hsa-miRNA-154-5p, miRNA-93, miRNA-320 and ET-1, miRNA-222, miRNA-146a, and miR-30c used …