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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Deciding, Curtis E.A. Karnow
Deciding, Curtis E.A. Karnow
Curtis E.A. Karnow
Review of cognitive fallacies judges may encounter, such as expectation fallacies, cognitive dissonance, narrative fallacies and generally problems with associative reasoning
The Adversarial System, Three Lemons, And Cocaine: The Role Of Confirmation Bias, Curtis E.A. Karnow
The Adversarial System, Three Lemons, And Cocaine: The Role Of Confirmation Bias, Curtis E.A. Karnow
Curtis E.A. Karnow
A short note on confirmation bias and cognitive dissonance as it affects decision making by lawyers and judges.
Decision-Making In Economics: Critical Lessons From Neurobiology, Renato Alas Msc, Kuldeep Kumar, Avik Mukherjee, Munirul Haque Nabin, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Decision-Making In Economics: Critical Lessons From Neurobiology, Renato Alas Msc, Kuldeep Kumar, Avik Mukherjee, Munirul Haque Nabin, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Renato A Martins MSc
Book Description: Game Theory has provided an extremely useful tool in enabling economists to venture into unknown areas. Its concepts of conflict and cooperation apply whenever the actions of several agents are interdependent; providing language to formulate as well as to structure, analyze, and understand strategic scenarios. Economic Behavior, Game Theory, and Technology in Emerging Markets explores game theory and its deep impact in developmental economics, specifically the manner in which it provides a way of formalizing institutions. This is particularly important for emerging economies which have not yet received much attention in the academic world. This publication is useful …
Metaphor And Analogy: The Sun And Moon Of Legal Persuasion, Linda L. Berger
Metaphor And Analogy: The Sun And Moon Of Legal Persuasion, Linda L. Berger
Linda L. Berger
Drawing on recent studies in social cognition, decision making, and analogical processing, this article will recommend that lawyers turn to novel characterizations and metaphors to solve a particular kind of persuasion problem that is created by the way judges and juries think and decide. According to social cognition researchers, we perceive and interpret new information by following a process of schematic cognition, analogizing the new data we encounter to the knowledge structures embedded in our memories. Decision-making researchers differentiate between intuitive and reflective processes (System 1 and System 2), and they agree that in System 1 decision making, only the …
Brain Activity And Medical Diagnosis: An Eeg Study, Laila M. Ribas, Fábio T. Rocha, Neli R. Ortega, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Brain Activity And Medical Diagnosis: An Eeg Study, Laila M. Ribas, Fábio T. Rocha, Neli R. Ortega, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Armando F Rocha
Despite new brain imaging techniques that have improved the study of the underlying processes of human decision-making, to the best of our knowledge, there have been very few studies that have attempted to investigate brain activity during medical diagnostic processing.The main purpose of this paper was to investigate brain electroencephalography (EEG) activity associated with diagnostic decision-making in the realm of veterinary medicine using X-rays as a fundamental auxiliary test. The principal component analysis revealed four patterns that accounted for 85% of the total variance in the EEG activity recorded while veterinary doctors read a clinical history, examined an X-ray image …
Gun Control: What Goes On In Your Brain, Armando F. Rocha, Fabio T. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Gun Control: What Goes On In Your Brain, Armando F. Rocha, Fabio T. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Armando F Rocha
Arguments for and against gun control are polarized at two opposite ends of a broad spectrum: personal liberties and social benefits. Brazil has introduced a referendum regarding the prohibition of firearm commerce and propaganda arguments, similar to the present ongoing discussion in the U.S. It has invoked socially and personally driven issues in the promotion of voting in favor of and against firearm control, respectively. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) technology to study the brain activity associated with a voter’s perception one week prior to Election Day, of the truthfulness of these arguments and their influence on voting decisions. The …
Free Will From The Neuroscience Point Of View, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha
Free Will From The Neuroscience Point Of View, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha
Armando F Rocha
There is still a controversy if human volitions and actions are governed by causal laws or obeys free will. Neurosciences start to study the neural correlates of free will by investigating how brains make decisions. Here, some of questions about free will are discussed from the neurosciences point of view taking into consideration a neuroeconomic model of decision making. This model is used here with the purpose of providing very formal definitions of key concepts raised in any free will discussion such as goals, necessity, motivation, etc., and to provide a formal background for discussing decision making. One of the …
Impact Of Employee Decision Making Styles On Organizational Performance: In The Moderating Role Of Emotional Intelligence, Rana Rashid Rehman
Impact Of Employee Decision Making Styles On Organizational Performance: In The Moderating Role Of Emotional Intelligence, Rana Rashid Rehman
Rana Rashid Rehman
The primary aim of the present study is to determine the impact of employee decision making styles on organizational performance. Study also investigates the moderating role of emotional intelligence on the relationship among decision making styles and organizational performance. Data is collected on random sampling basis from 187 banking sector employees. Findings of the study determine that employee’s different decision making styles influence organizational performance differently. Major findings include that rational and dependent decision making styles have high positive impact on organizational performance while avoidant decision making styles has negative impact on organizational performance. Study further determines that emotional intelligence …
The Continuum Of Psychotic Organizational Typologies, Murray Hunter
The Continuum Of Psychotic Organizational Typologies, Murray Hunter
Murray Hunter
The paper discusses the influence on our perceptions from the basic psychotic disposition of organizations. Cognitive distortion is influenced by the psychotic traits of an organization along a continuum of various states which include paranoia, obsessive-compulsive, dramatic, depressive, schizoid, and narcissistic tendencies. These tendencies may be of assistance in the early start-up phases of a firm but overtime distort perceptions and behaviour of the organization through the defense mechanisms they develop. The psychotic continuum is a worthy paradigm through which to view organizational opportunity, strategy, operations, and decision making, potentially capable of assisting in diagnosing the causes of organization disfunction.
Making Decisions: Using Electronic Data Collection To Re-Envision Reference Services At The Usf Tampa Libraries, Lily Todorinova, Barbara Lewis, Andy Huse, Matt Torrence
Making Decisions: Using Electronic Data Collection To Re-Envision Reference Services At The Usf Tampa Libraries, Lily Todorinova, Barbara Lewis, Andy Huse, Matt Torrence
Lily Todorinova
Declining reference statistics, diminishing human resources, and the desire to be more proactive and embedded in academic depart- ments, prompted the University of South Florida Library to create a taskforce for re-envisioning reference services. The taskforce was charged with examining the staffing patterns at the desk and developing recommendations to give librarians greater flexibility and to better respond to the information-seeking needs of users. These recommendations were based on statistics of desk usage, collected with the newly adapted online tool Desk Tracker, and structured interviews with library administrators. The taskforce was interested in how these stakeholders use quantitative data in …
The State Of Indian Housewives’ Participation In Domestic Decision Making And Opposition Of Domestic Violence, Aviral Kumar Tiwari Mr., Mamoni Kalita Mrs.
The State Of Indian Housewives’ Participation In Domestic Decision Making And Opposition Of Domestic Violence, Aviral Kumar Tiwari Mr., Mamoni Kalita Mrs.
Aviral Kumar Tiwari
This paper presents the empirical results of a survey of 127 housewives in West Putra, India in which, quite unlike other surveys conducted by the Indian government, the respondents were specifically asked about their degree of involvement in decision making and opposing domestic violence. It was found that in household decision-making women’s involvement was significantly and positively related to their time spent in the household but there was no significant relationships between the women’s time spent in the household and their raising voice against violence. It was also found that comparatively women in nuclear families were more able to be …
The Optimization Of The Threshold For The Preventive Maintenance Actions In A Condition-Based Maintenance Program Via Dynamic Programming Approach, Kamran Shahanaghi, Mehdi Jafarian, Majid Beikverdi, Zeinab Nezhadbiglari
The Optimization Of The Threshold For The Preventive Maintenance Actions In A Condition-Based Maintenance Program Via Dynamic Programming Approach, Kamran Shahanaghi, Mehdi Jafarian, Majid Beikverdi, Zeinab Nezhadbiglari
Mehdi Jafarian
The last step of a condition based maintenance (CBM) program is maintenance decision-making. This step is the most important and the most critical stage of maintenance for executive personnel and management whom work on taking maintenance actions. This decision making would be done according to certain criteria such as risk, cost, reliability and availability. This paper considered a dynamic programming model to optimization of the threshold for the preventive maintenance actions in a condition-based maintenance program. The basis of this modeling is the average cost of maintenance actions, failures and exchanges. In this paper, we improved the memory of the …
The Politics Of International Economic Law: Legitimacy And The Uncitral Working Methods., Claire R. Kelly
The Politics Of International Economic Law: Legitimacy And The Uncitral Working Methods., Claire R. Kelly
Claire R. Kelly
Abstract The process of international lawmaking is, in part, a function of both politics and the attempt to engage in legitimate norms generation. States seek power through process in the international sphere. But States also use process enable representative, transparent, and effective rules. This paper considers how we might begin to deconstruct procedural proposals involving international norm generation by taking a look at a recent controversy over the methods of work at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). It will consider various paradigms to assess the legitimacy claims of international norms as applied to one particular controversy …
Development Of Response Evaluation And Decision (Red) And Antisocial Behavior In Childhood And Adolescence, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Chongming Yang, Kenneth A. Dodge, Gregory S. Pettit, John E. Bates
Development Of Response Evaluation And Decision (Red) And Antisocial Behavior In Childhood And Adolescence, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Chongming Yang, Kenneth A. Dodge, Gregory S. Pettit, John E. Bates
Reid G. Fontaine
Using longitudinal data on 585 youths (48% female; 17% African American, 2% other ethnic minority), the authors examined the development of social response evaluation and decision (RED) across childhood (Study 1; kindergarten through Grade 3) and adolescence (Study 2; Grades 8 and 11). Participants completed hypothetical-vignette-based RED assessments, and their antisocial behaviors were measured by multiple raters. Structural equation modeling and linear growth analyses indicated that children differentiate alternative responses by Grade 3, but these RED responses were not consistently related to antisocial behavior. Adolescent analyses provided support for a model of multiple evaluative domains of RED and showed strong …
On-Line Social Decision Making And Antisocial Behavior: Some Essential But Neglected Issues, Reid Griffith Fontaine
On-Line Social Decision Making And Antisocial Behavior: Some Essential But Neglected Issues, Reid Griffith Fontaine
Reid G. Fontaine
The last quarter century has witnessed considerable progress in the scientific study of social information processing (SIP) and aggressive behavior in children. SIP research has shown that social decision making in youth is particularly predictive of antisocial behavior, especially as children enter and progress through adolescence. In furtherance of this research, more sophisticated, elaborate models of on-line social decision making have been developed, by which various domains of evaluative judgment are hypothesized to account for both responsive decision making and behavior, as well as self-initiated, instrumental functioning. However, discussions of these models have neglected a number of key issues. In …
The Optimization Of The Threshold For The Preventive Maintenance Actions In A Condition-Based Maintenance Program Via Dynamic Programming Approach, Mehdi Jafarian, Majid Beikverdi, Kamran Shahanaghi, Zeinab Nezhadbiglari
The Optimization Of The Threshold For The Preventive Maintenance Actions In A Condition-Based Maintenance Program Via Dynamic Programming Approach, Mehdi Jafarian, Majid Beikverdi, Kamran Shahanaghi, Zeinab Nezhadbiglari
Mehdi Jafarian
The last step of a condition based maintenance (CBM) program is maintenance decision-making. This step is the most important and the most critical stage of maintenance for executive personnel and management whom work on taking maintenance actions. This decision making would be done according to certain criteria such as risk, cost, reliability and availability. This paper considered a dynamic programming model to optimization of the threshold for the preventive maintenance actions in a condition-based maintenance program. The basis of this modeling is the average cost of maintenance actions, failures and exchanges. In this paper, we improved the memory of the …
Toward A Conceptual Framework Of Instrumental Antisocial Decision-Making And Behavior In Youth, Reid G. Fontaine
Toward A Conceptual Framework Of Instrumental Antisocial Decision-Making And Behavior In Youth, Reid G. Fontaine
Reid G. Fontaine
This paper reviews and organizes relevant theory and research toward a conceptual framework of instrumental antisocial decision-making and behavior in youth. To date, social cognitive study of the development of youth antisocial functioning has largely focused on response patterns (e.g., cognitive responses to aversive cues). Though instrumental decision making is paid significant attention in research on adult criminality, there exists no framework by which youths' goal-driven behavioral decisions that are made in pursuit of antisocial motives and interests may be understood. This is a problem in that lessons from research on children and adolescents suggest that there are meaningful differences …
Real-Time Decision Making And Aggressive Behavior In Youth: A Heuristic Model Of Response Evaluation And Decision (Red), Reid Griffith Fontaine, Kenneth A. Dodge
Real-Time Decision Making And Aggressive Behavior In Youth: A Heuristic Model Of Response Evaluation And Decision (Red), Reid Griffith Fontaine, Kenneth A. Dodge
Reid G. Fontaine
Considerable scientific and intervention attention has been paid to judgment and decision-making systems associated with aggressive behavior in youth. However, most empirical studies have investigated social–cognitive correlates of stable child and adolescent aggressiveness, and less is known about real-time decision making to engage in aggressive behavior. A model of realtime decision making must incorporate both impulsive actions and rational thought. The present paper advances a process model (response evaluation and decision; RED) of real-time behavioral judgments and decision making in aggressive youths with mathematic representations that may be used to quantify response strength. These components are a heuristic to describe …
Evaluative Behavioral Judgments And Instrumental Antisocial Behaviors In Children And Adolescents, Reid G. Fontaine
Evaluative Behavioral Judgments And Instrumental Antisocial Behaviors In Children And Adolescents, Reid G. Fontaine
Reid G. Fontaine
There is a growing body of scientific research that has drawn a distinction between instrumental (or proactive) and reactive forms of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Whereas neurocognitive, psychophysiological, and other psychological factors have been shown to distinguish these aggressive subtypes, social cognitive research on alternative types of instrumental antisocial behavior (e.g., stealing, cheating, and illicit substance use) in youth is limited. Research on social information processing and aggression has shown that evaluative behavioral judgments may be of particular importance to understanding instrumental antisocial tendencies. Herein presented is a review of research on social cognition and discernible forms of …
Response Decision Processes And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Adolescents, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Virginia Salzer Burks, Kenneth A. Dodge
Response Decision Processes And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Adolescents, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Virginia Salzer Burks, Kenneth A. Dodge
Reid G. Fontaine
Externalizing behavior problems of 124 adolescents were assessed across Grades 7–11. In Grade 9, participants were also assessed across social-cognitive domains after imagining themselves as the object of provocations portrayed in six videotaped vignettes. Participants responded to vignette-based questions representing multiple processes of the response decision step of social information processing. Phase 1 of our investigation supported a two-factor model of the response evaluation process of response decision (response valuation and outcome expectancy). Phase 2 showed significant relations between the set of these response decision processes, as well as response selection, measured in Grade 9 and (a) externalizing behavior in …
Testing A Theory Of Decision Making Derived From King's Systems Framework In Women Eligible For A Cancer Clinical Trial, H.E. Ehrenberger, M.R. Alligood, Sandra Thomas, D.C. Wallace, C.M. Licavoli
Testing A Theory Of Decision Making Derived From King's Systems Framework In Women Eligible For A Cancer Clinical Trial, H.E. Ehrenberger, M.R. Alligood, Sandra Thomas, D.C. Wallace, C.M. Licavoli
Sandra Thomas
The purpose of this study was to test an explanatory theory of decision-making in women eligible for a cancer clinical trial. The theory derived from King’s framework proposed that the concepts of uncertainty, role functioning, and social support relate to emotional health (hope and mood state), which in turn relates to the treatment decision. A correlational study design was used to test the theory in a sample of 40 women. Findings provided empirical evidence of the adequacy of King’s framework and supported, in part, theorized relationships among the critical factors. However, these factors did not illuminate the treatment decision.