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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
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Credit Access, The Costs Of Credit And Credit Market Discrimination, Christian E. Weller
Credit Access, The Costs Of Credit And Credit Market Discrimination, Christian E. Weller
Christian Weller
Since the early 1990s, credit expanded relative to income, especially after 2001. It is hypothesized that traditionally uneven credit access and gaps in the costs of credit by demographic characteristics shrank during this period. Relying on data from the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finance, this study looks at financial constraints, the costs of credit and a number of contributions to the costs of credit, including sources and types of loans. The results indicate that taste-based discrimination and structural discrimination may have persisted and possibly increased over time. Gaps in credit access and costs of credit have widened by race, …
Travellers, Equality And School Admission: Christian Brothers High School Clonmel -V- Stokes, Mel Cousins
Travellers, Equality And School Admission: Christian Brothers High School Clonmel -V- Stokes, Mel Cousins
Mel Cousins
This note examines the recent Irish equality officer and Circuit Court decisions in CBS High School Clonmel v Stokes which concerned whether the rules for admission to the school – in particular a rule giving priority to children whose parents had attended the school - were compatible with the Equal Status Acts 2000-2008. The equality officer held that the rule was indirectly discriminatory and in breach of the Act. However, on appeal the Court held that while the rule had a disproportionate impact on Travellers, it was objectively justified.
Disparate Impact Is Not Unconstitutional, Michael Evan Gold
Disparate Impact Is Not Unconstitutional, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
[Excerpt] In Ricci v. DeStefano, the "New Haven Firefighters" case, whitefirefighters and one Hispanic firefighter sued the city of New Haven, Connecticut and city officials under Title VII. The plaintiffs claimed the city had committed intentional discrimination or disparate treatment against them when the city disregarded the results of promotion examinations that had an adverse effect on black and Hispanic applicants. The Supreme Court sustained the claim. In his concurring opinion, Justice Scalia invited attorneys in subsequent cases to consider arguing that the disparate impact theory of employment discrimination is unconstitutional. He reasoned as follows: • The Constitution prohibits the …
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
Diane Hoffmann
In general, women report more severe levels of pain, more frequent incidences of pain, and pain of longer duration than men, but are nonetheless treated for pain less aggressively. The authors investigate this paradox from two perspectives: Do men and women in fact experience pain differently - whether biologically, cognitively, and/or emotionally? And regardless of the answer, what accounts for the differences in the pain treatment they receive, and what can we do to correct this situation?
Trade Justice And Security, Frank J. Garcia
Trade Justice And Security, Frank J. Garcia
Frank J. Garcia
[Refers to Revised Draft, December 9, 2005] The social psychology literature on justice suggests that the perception of injustice produces the strongest human emotional response. Perceptions of injustice can lead to conflicts over the justice of social outcomes, threatening social cohesion and security. Trade law, and globalization more generally, are increasingly perceived as unjust with respect to the interests of developing countries and of the poor in all countries. To the extent that the various stakeholders in globalization perceive a lack of reciprocity between their investment and their return, they will naturally address their claims of injustice towards the global …
The Role Of Fault And Motive In Defining Discrimination: The Seniority Question Under Title Vii, Mark S. Brodin
The Role Of Fault And Motive In Defining Discrimination: The Seniority Question Under Title Vii, Mark S. Brodin
Mark S. Brodin
Seniority systems play an important role in American industry, often governing rights to promotion, pay scales, layoff, and relative entitlement to ancillary benefits. Seniority based decision making protects employees from arbitrary employer action, yet seniority's same protective feature often may frustrate minorities' efforts to achieve actual equal employment opportunity Relying on Title Vii's section 703(h), the Supreme Court has held that seniority systems are immune from attack unless discriminatory intent is shown. In this Article, Professor Brodin reviews the evolution of the intent standard now governing seniority system challenges. He contrasts the Supreme Court's restrictive definition of intent in the …
Race, Class, And Katrina : Human Rights And (Un)Natural Disaster, Hope Lewis
Race, Class, And Katrina : Human Rights And (Un)Natural Disaster, Hope Lewis
Hope Lewis
This essay reflects on the international human rights implications of Hurricane Katrina. For those of us in the human rights movement, it seemed natural to see Katrina and its aftermath as both a massive international humanitarian disaster and a human rights crisis. This was not just the awful result of a huge storm having hit a densely populated area and thereby necessitating the marshalling of public and private humanitarian aid. It also revealed government inaction and affirmatively abusive actions before, during, and after the storm hit that implicate international human rights standards. We know that Katrina was not the last …
Women (Under)Development : The Relevance Of The "Right To Development" To Poor Women Of Color In The United States, Hope Lewis
Hope Lewis
This essay, written during a time of Clinton-era welfare reform, was an attempt to reimagine South-North roles. What if "right to development" analysis were applied to poor women of color living in the United States? Some see the right to development as an anachronism in the face of the apparent globalization of market-based economic development. However, “development” in the narrow form of a thriving industrial sector, reliable infrastructure, and steady economic growth, remains beyond the reach of many nations - particularly the poorest African nations. More important, the broader goals of human development - access to basic needs and an …
Outsiders Inside The Beltway: Latcrit Xiv - Critical Outsider Theory And Praxis In The Policymaking Of The New American Regime, Anthony E. Varona
Outsiders Inside The Beltway: Latcrit Xiv - Critical Outsider Theory And Praxis In The Policymaking Of The New American Regime, Anthony E. Varona
Anthony E. Varona
A substantive foreword to the symposium book for the Fourteenth Annual Latino/Latina Critical Legal Theory Scholarship Conference hosted by the American University Washington College of Law. The foreword includes information about the conference theme, its planning and execution, and includes excerpts from the presentations of a number of prominent plenary and keynote speakers, including Congresswoman Linda Sanchez (D-CA), Caroline Fredrickson (the executive director of the American Constitution Society for Law and Policy), Robert Raben (the president of the Raben Group), Jarrett Barrios (the president of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), Prof. Jenny Rivera (professor of law and director …
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Silvia Domínguez
The Institute of Medicine identified access to healthcare and race-based discrimination as important barriers to quality healthcare that contributes to health disparities. This study (1) describes African-American veterans' perceptions of healthcare services and perceived discrimination in healthcare and (2) investigates the relationship between perceived discrimination and patient perceptions of care, satisfaction with healthcare, and health status. A convenience sample of 141 African-American veterans in Boston completed surveys from May to June 2006. Respondents reported an average of 16 lifetime experiences of discrimination and over half recalled a situation when they experienced discrimination in healthcare. Modest ratings of perceived quality of …
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Nathaniel Rickles
The Institute of Medicine identified access to healthcare and race-based discrimination as important barriers to quality healthcare that contributes to health disparities. This study (1) describes African-American veterans' perceptions of healthcare services and perceived discrimination in healthcare and (2) investigates the relationship between perceived discrimination and patient perceptions of care, satisfaction with healthcare, and health status. A convenience sample of 141 African-American veterans in Boston completed surveys from May to June 2006. Respondents reported an average of 16 lifetime experiences of discrimination and over half recalled a situation when they experienced discrimination in healthcare. Modest ratings of perceived quality of …
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Perceptions Of Healthcare, Health Status, And Discrimination Among African-American Veterans, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Silvia Domínguez (1961-), Hortensia Amaro (1950-)
Hortensia Amaro
The Institute of Medicine identified access to healthcare and race-based discrimination as important barriers to quality healthcare that contributes to health disparities. This study (1) describes African-American veterans' perceptions of healthcare services and perceived discrimination in healthcare and (2) investigates the relationship between perceived discrimination and patient perceptions of care, satisfaction with healthcare, and health status. A convenience sample of 141 African-American veterans in Boston completed surveys from May to June 2006. Respondents reported an average of 16 lifetime experiences of discrimination and over half recalled a situation when they experienced discrimination in healthcare. Modest ratings of perceived quality of …
Freedom Of Religion In Practice: Exemptions Under Antidiscrimination Laws On The Basis Of Religion., Neil J. Foster
Freedom Of Religion In Practice: Exemptions Under Antidiscrimination Laws On The Basis Of Religion., Neil J. Foster
Neil J Foster
Recognition of “human rights” often involves the need to balance one set of rights against another. While anti‐discrimination laws generally are designed to outlaw decision‐making on irrelevant grounds, recognition of “freedom of religion” (a clear human right acknowledged in the international covenants on the area) requires acknowledging that decision‐making in many areas on religious grounds is not irrelevant, and hence requires careful crafting of appropriate exemptions to otherwise blanket prohibitions against discrimination. But in many ways there has been a subtle shift in recent decades away from a fully‐orbed recognition of human rights, towards an absolutist prohibition of discrimination alone. …
Law And Racism In An Asian Setting: An Analysis Of The British Rule Of Hong Kong, Richard Klein
Law And Racism In An Asian Setting: An Analysis Of The British Rule Of Hong Kong, Richard Klein
Richard Daniel Klein
No abstract provided.
Immigration Laws As Instruments Of Discrimination: Legislation Designed To Limit Chinese Immigration Into The United Kingdom, Richard Klein
Immigration Laws As Instruments Of Discrimination: Legislation Designed To Limit Chinese Immigration Into The United Kingdom, Richard Klein
Richard Daniel Klein
No abstract provided.
Delinking Disproportionality From Discrimination: Procedural Burdens As Proxy For Substantive Visions, Maxwell O. Chibundu
Delinking Disproportionality From Discrimination: Procedural Burdens As Proxy For Substantive Visions, Maxwell O. Chibundu
Maxwell O. Chibundu
No abstract provided.
Discrimination Cases In The 2001 Term Of The Supreme Court (Symposium: The Fourteenth Annual Supreme Court Review), Eileen Kaufman
Discrimination Cases In The 2001 Term Of The Supreme Court (Symposium: The Fourteenth Annual Supreme Court Review), Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
No abstract provided.
Discrimination Cases (The Supreme Court And Local Government Law: The 1995-1996 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Discrimination Cases (The Supreme Court And Local Government Law: The 1995-1996 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
No abstract provided.
After The Fall: The Employer's Duty To Accommodate Employee Religious Practices Under Title Vii After Ansonia Board Of Education V. Philbrook, Peter Zablotsky
After The Fall: The Employer's Duty To Accommodate Employee Religious Practices Under Title Vii After Ansonia Board Of Education V. Philbrook, Peter Zablotsky
Peter Zablotsky
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Disability, Gender, And Level Of Supervision On Ratings Of Job Applicants, Bradford S. Bell, Katherine J. Klein
Effects Of Disability, Gender, And Level Of Supervision On Ratings Of Job Applicants, Bradford S. Bell, Katherine J. Klein
Bradford S Bell
Using ratings of hypothetical job applicants with and without a disability obtained from both fulltime workers (n = 88) and undergraduates (n = 98), we examined the effects of disability (paraplegia, epilepsy, clinical depression, or non-disabled), gender, and nature of the job (supervisory or non-supervisory) on five job-relevant dependent measures. Contrary to our hypothesis, applicants with a disability were rated significantly higher in activity and potency than applicants without a disability. Further, also contrary to our predictions, gender and job type did not moderate the relationship between disability and applicant ratings. Post-hoc analyses revealed a significant gender by job type …
Discrimination Cases In The October 2004 Term, Eileen Kaufman
Discrimination Cases In The October 2004 Term, Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
No abstract provided.
Discrimination Cases In The Supreme Court's 1997 Term (The Supreme Court And State And Local Government Law: The 1997-1998 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Discrimination Cases In The Supreme Court's 1997 Term (The Supreme Court And State And Local Government Law: The 1997-1998 Term), Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
No abstract provided.
Discrimination Cases In The 2000 Term, Eileen Kaufman
Discrimination Cases In The 2000 Term, Eileen Kaufman
Eileen Kaufman
No abstract provided.
Equal Protection And The Prosecutor's Charging Decision: Enforcing An Ideal, Donald G. Gifford
Equal Protection And The Prosecutor's Charging Decision: Enforcing An Ideal, Donald G. Gifford
Donald G Gifford
No abstract provided.
The Desire For Whiteness: Can Law And Economics Explain It?, Shilpi Bhattacharya
The Desire For Whiteness: Can Law And Economics Explain It?, Shilpi Bhattacharya
Shilpi Bhattacharya
This paper provides a new theoretical perspective on colorism by considering it from an economic point of view. I rely on three theories of law and economics that explain racial discrimination. While critiquing these theories, I also extend them to evaluate colorism. This is challenging because these theories correlate race with skin color. I use the “desire for whiteness” (DFW) as a tool for analyzing these theories and as a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes racism from colorism. This paper studies the cross-cultural applicability of these theories from beyond the traditional American labor market (ALM) to the Indian arranged marriage ‘market’ …
The Uses And Abuses Of Informal Procedures In Federal Civil Rights Enforcement, Marjorie A. Silver
The Uses And Abuses Of Informal Procedures In Federal Civil Rights Enforcement, Marjorie A. Silver
Marjorie A. Silver
No abstract provided.
Patmalniece V Secretary Of State For Work And Pensions [2011] Uksc 11 Supreme Court, Mel Cousins
Patmalniece V Secretary Of State For Work And Pensions [2011] Uksc 11 Supreme Court, Mel Cousins
Mel Cousins
This Supreme Court decision concerns the right to reside test in UK social security law. In brief, UK law has since 1994 had a requirement that, in order to be entitled to various non-contributory benefits, one must be habitually resident in the country. In 2004 in response to the accession of a large number of new Member States to the EU, a new right to reside test was incorporated into the habitual residence test. This means that in order to be habitually resident it is necessary to have a legal right to reside in the United Kingdom. All UK citizens …
Chronic Pain, Impairment, Workers Compensation And Equality: Downey V Nova Scotia (Workers Compensation Appeals Tribunal), Mel Cousins
Mel Cousins
This note examines the issue of the treatment of chronic pain under Canadian workers compensation law in the context of the right to equality set out in s. 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights. In the Martin case the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the exclusion compensation for chronic pain from the general Nova Scotia worker’s compensation scheme was in breach of s. 15 of the Charter. Following this decision, Nova Scotia enacted new legislation which brought chronic pain within the general scheme but subject to a limit of the amount of compensation payable. These provisions were challenged …