Digital Commons Network^™

Thoughts Of Suicidality And Self-Harm In Middle Childhood: Relationship With Child Maltreatment And Maternal Substance Abuse And Depression, Tara Cossel, Natasha Elkovitch, David Hansen

David J. Hansen

Child maltreatment victims are at increased risk for a multitude of symptoms, including: internalizing problems (e.g., depression, anxiety), behavior problems (e.g., aggression) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Paolucci, Genuis, & Violato, 2001). Not all maltreated children present with the same outcomes, and research consistently demonstrates child abuse does not have an inevitable pattern or a unified presentation of symptoms. Some youth may be asymptomatic following abuse; others display a myriad of symptoms at varying levels of severity (Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993). A small percentage of this group becomes suicidal.

Recent studies have presented accumulating evidence that suicidality and self-harm warrant …

Production System Models Of Complex Cognition, John R. Anderson, Bonnie E. John, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, David E. Kieras, David E. Meyer

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Toward A Theory Of Procedural Justice For Juveniles, Tamar R. Birckhead

Tamar R Birckhead

Courts and legislatures have long been reluctant to make use of the data, findings, and recommendations generated by other disciplines when determining questions of legal procedure affecting juveniles, particularly when the research has been produced by social scientists. However, given the United States Supreme Court’s recent invocation of developmental psychology in Roper v. Simmons, which invalidated the juvenile death penalty, there is reason to believe that such resistance is waning. In 2005 the Simmons Court found, inter alia, that based on research on adolescent development, juveniles are not as culpable as adults and, therefore, cannot be classified among the “worst …

Trajectories Of Ptsd And Substance Use Disorders In A Longitudinal Study Of Personality Disorders, Meghan E. Mcdevitt-Murphy, Gilbert R. Parra, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, John C. Markowitz

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

13. Interviewing Children., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

My Next Client: Understanding The Big Five And Positive Personality Dispositions Of Those Seeking Psychosocial Support Interventions., Karen D. Klockner, Richard Hicks

Richard Hicks

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether individuals who sought out psychosocial support interventions which include life, career and executive coaching, mentoring services and counselling psychology services, could be identified by a combination of the Big Five and other positive personality facets and could subsequently be described as being open to growth and having a goal directed orientation.
Design: The dimensions of Personal Growth Initiative, Adult Dispositional Hope, Goal Setting and the Big Five factors (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) were investigated in an attempt to predict and further understand those individuals who would …

Perceptions Of The Authenticity Of Reality Programs And Their Relationships To Audience Involvement, Enjoyment, And Perceived Learning, Alice Hall

Alice Hall

Personality And Psychosocial Factors Of College Drinking Amount And Frequency, Tara K. Cossel, Lindsay A. Vuchetich, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Tara K. Cossel (Tara Morton)

No abstract provided.

The Stability Of Personality Traits In Individuals With Borderline Personality Disorder, Christopher J. Hopwood, Daniel A. Newman, M. Brent Donnellan, John C. Markowitz, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Emily B. Ansell, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Although stability and pervasive inflexibility are general criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorders (PDs), borderline PD (BPD) is characterized by instability in several domains, including interpersonal behavior, affect, and identity. The authors hypothesized that such inconsistencies notable in BPD may relate to instability at the level of the basic personality traits that are associated with this disorder. Five types of personality trait stability across 4 assessments over 6 years were compared for BPD patients (N = 130 at first interval) and patients with other PDs (N = 302). Structural …

12. Disclosure Of Child Sexual Abuse., Thomas D. Lyon, Elizabeth C. Ahern

Thomas D. Lyon

Rationality And Humanity: A View From Feminist Economics, Julie A. Nelson

Julie A. Nelson

DOES RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY (RCT) HAVE SOMETHING IMPORTANT to contribute to the humanities? Usually the arguments for answering “yes” to this question go something like the following: The application of RCT has proved to be a powerful tool in economics and the social sciences, leading to clear and rigorous insights unattainable from less precise methods. Therefore, by also harnessing this power, the disciplines in the humanities could advance toward becoming more elegant, rational, and forceful in their explorations of human behavior. As an economist, I’d like to address this argument on its home ground. Has the use of RCT advanced …

Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (Mbqs) – Overview, Available Materials And Support, Greg Moran, David Pederson, Sandi Bento

Greg Moran

No abstract provided.

The Convergent And Discriminant Validity Of Five-Factor Traits: Current And Prospective Social, Work, And Recreational Dysfunction, Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, Emily B. Ansell, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John C. Markowitz, John G. Gunderson, Shirley Yen, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The convergent and discriminant validity of Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits with concurrent and prospective social, work, and recreational dysfunction was assessed in a large, longitudinal clinical sample. Consistent with five factor theoretical expectations, neuroticism is broadly related to dysfunction across domains; extraversion is primarily related to social and recreational dysfunction; openness to recreational dysfunction; agreeableness to social dysfunction; and conscientiousness to work dysfunction. Findings support five factor theory and the clinical assessment of normative personality traits.

Fear And Projection As Root Causes Of War, And The Archetypal Energies "Trust" And "Peace" As Antidotes, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

I want to use this opportunity to discuss a phenomenon that continues to plague the human experience. It is called the game of war. War is perhaps the deadliest game that humanity has created. The conflict itself represents what appears to be opposing views about the way things should be. Each side believes that it is right and that its actions are justified. Each side therefore seeks to impose its views on the other or to defend its views against the other. Each side fears the other as an enemy and each side projects its fears onto its perceived “enemy.”

Smoking And Psychological Health In Relation To Country Of Origin, Michael Lyvers, Tessa Hall, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

In English-speaking, Western-Anglo countries, where smoking has become stigmatized in recent decades as a result of widespread anti-smoking campaigns, smokers commonly report poorer psychological health on average than non-smokers do. This may be indirectly related to the strong pressures to quit in such countries, as poorer psychological health is associated with a reduced likelihood of quitting, thus leading to a selection bias for smokers with relatively poorer psychological health. In the present study, 147 smoker and non-smoker participants either came from Western-Anglo countries where smoking has become stigmatized (Australia, Canada, U.S.) or countries in regions where smoking remains relatively more …

The Psychology Of Political Correctness, Richard E. Redding

Richard E. Redding

In this chapter, we deconstruct the psychological goals and assumptions underlying the foundational principles of the politically correct university, which emphasize diversity in race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation but not sociopolitical ideas, and that require cultural sensitivity (seen in policies such as speech codes) so that minority and disadvantaged groups do not suffer offense or harm. Drawing on recent psychological research, we argue that sociopolitical diversity may be the most important form of diversity for achieving the educational benefits that diversity is supposed to produce. In addition, we challenge the assumption that certain viewpoints, research agendas, and speech should …

Personality Traits As Prospective Predictors Of Suicide Attempts, Shirley Yen, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, Maria O. Edelen, Robert L. Stout, Leslie C. Morey, Mary C. Zanarini, John C. Markowitz, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Maria T. Daversa, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVE: To examine higher order personality factors of negative affectivity (NA) and disinhibition (DIS), as well as lower order facets of impulsivity, as prospective predictors of suicide attempts in a predominantly personality disordered sample.

METHOD: Data were analyzed from 701 participants of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study with available follow-up data for up to 7 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was used to examine NA and DIS, and facets of impulsivity (e.g. urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation and sensation seeking), as prospective predictors of suicide attempts.

RESULTS: NA, DIS and all facets of impulsivity except for …

From Maternal Representations To The First Relationship By Way Of Maternal Sensitivity: A Reconceptualization Of The Developmental Model, Greg Moran, David Pederson

Greg Moran

No abstract provided.

Both Maternal Sensitivity And Atypical Maternal Behavior Independently Predict Attachment Security And Disorganization In Adolescent Mother–Infant Dyads, Greg Moran, Lindsey M. Forbes, Elspeth Evans, George M. Tarabulsy, Sheri Madigan

Greg Moran

On the basis of these findings, at odds with current models of the origins of secure vs disorganized attachment, the current study examined the association between distinct qualities of maternal interaction and attachment in a single study. The participants in the current study were adolescent mothers and their infants, a population that has been shown to be at substantial developmental risk and to exhibit a range of markedly atypical interactions with their infants (Jaffee, Caspi, Moffitt, Belsky, and Silva, 2001).

The Influence Of A Mother’S Attachment Representation On The Quality Of Her Interactions With Each Of Her Children, Vanessa Villani, Greg Moran

Greg Moran

This study evaluated whether certain maternal states of mind, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), would lead to more similarities/differences in maternal behaviors across multiple infants, as defined by the domains of the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort. Results indicated that “unresolved” maternal states of mind incline mothers to behave more similarly with their two infants than mothers with non-autonomous or autonomous states of mind in terms of responsiveness and affect sharing behaviors.

Behavioural And Affective Precursors To Disorganized Attachment In The Still-Face Procedure At 4-Months, Lindsey M. Forbes, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Greg Moran

We explored whether disorganization in the SSP at 13-months could be predicted from infant affect and behaviour in the SFP at 4- months. We hypothesized that infants in disorganized relationships would have the most difficulty regulating their affect and behaviour in the SFP. Infants in disorganized relationships were expected to display greater negativity (e.g., crying, negative vocalizations, stress indicators such as spitting up) throughout the SFP, compared to those in organized relationships.

Disorganized Attachment In Adolescent Mother-Infant Dyads: Its Nature, Origins, And Developmental Consequences, Greg Moran, David Pederson

Greg Moran

No abstract provided.

Can A Measure Of Disrupted Caregiver Behavior Discriminate Infant Disorganized Attachment From Insecure-Organized Attachment?, Sheri Madigan, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran

Greg Moran

Purpose: To examine if a measure of disrupted caregiver behavior is equally effective in differentiating children with disorganized attachment from children with secure and insecure-organized attachment. Method: One hundred and eighty-four low-risk mother-infant dyads participated in this study. Mother-infant attachment relationships were assessed using the Strange Situation procedure and disrupted caregiver behavior was assessed at 12 and 18 months using the AMBIANCE measure. Results: Disrupted caregiver behavior distinguished children with disorganized attachment from children with secure attachment but not from children with resistant attachment.

The Relation Of Fr Behaviour To Aai Scales, Elspeth M. Evans, Sandi Bento, David R. Pederson, Greg Moran

Greg Moran

Attachment theory describes the bonds between caregivers and children that serve a protective function for children. The FR theory developed by Main and Hesse (1990) proposes that unmonitored parental behaviour, or frightened, frightening and dissociative (FR) behaviour, stemming from a history of Unresolved/disoriented (U/d) trauma, disorganizes the attachment relationship. The parent is a source of fear and is thus unavailable as a source of safety and protection.

Disorganized Attachment And Mother-Toddler Interactive Behavior In A Problem-Solving Task, Lindsey M. Forbes, Carey Anne De Oliveira, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Greg Moran

PURPOSE: To examine emotional and behavioral regulation and Disorganized attachment at 24-months in a high-risk sample of adolescent mother-toddler dyads. RESULTS: Disorganization was associated with 1)increased toddler negativity and a lower quality of experience and 2)decreased levels of maternal support and assistance during the problem-solving tasks. CONCLUSION: These findings offer converging support for the suggestion that Disorganized dyads experience marked difficulties in emotional and behavioral regulation.

Assessing Maternal Sensitivity From Videotaped Recordings: Validity And Practical Applications, Elspeth M. Evans, Greg Moran, Sandi Bento, David R. Pederson

Greg Moran

This study examined the use of short, videotaped, mother-infant laboratory interactions instead of longer home visits to assess maternal sensitivity. Scores generated when toddlers were 24-months were found to be correlated with assessments of maternal sensitivity and attachment security from previous home visits The results suggest that coding from appropriate samples of recorded interactions may provide valid assessments of maternal sensitivity and attachment security but a number of important caveats must still be resolved.

Emotions At Work: What Do People Feel And How Should We Measure It?, Cynthia D. Fisher

Cynthia D. Fisher

Affect at work is of increasing interest to organisational researchers. Prior research on felt affect at work has focused almost exclusively on mood rather than emotion. As yet we have little knowledge about which emotions are felt or how frequently they are felt in the workplace, or of what their causes or consequences might be. There has not even been an instrument available for measuring emotion at work. This paper reports on a preliminary study designed as a lead-in to further research on emotion at work. One hundred and sixteen people reported on the frequency with which they had experienced …

Associations Between Caregivers' Global And Specific Attachment Representations And The Infant-Caregiver Attachment Relationship, Erinn Hawkins, Sheri Madigan, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran

Greg Moran

The primary objectives of the current study were: (1)to determine the extent to which caregivers’ conceptualizations of their own attachment history (global attachment representations are congruent with the way in which they conceptualize their relationships with a specific child (relationship-specific attachment representations); and (2)to evaluate whether these relationship-specific representations play a mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Prenatal assessments of caregivers’ global attachment representations, as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and relationship-specific attachment representations, as measured by the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI), were obtained in a sample of 196 mother-infant dyads. Infant-caregiver attachment …

Antecedents Of Attachment Disorganization Across The First Year: Interactions Among Child And Parent Variables, Lindsey M. Forbes, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Greg Moran

Disorganized attachmentis seen as reflecting an infant’s lack of strategyfor coping with the stress of the Strange Situation procedure (SSP; Ainsworth et al., 1978) The identification of disorganized attachment by Main and Solomon (1986) generated a large body of research into its antecedents and consequences. Despite these advances, however, 1)few studies have employed a prospective longitudinal designto clarify antecedents of disorganization, and 2)most research has focused on predicting disorganization from single risk factors, rarely investigating possible interactions among child and parent or environmental variables. The current study investigated the development of disorganized attachment across the first year from a prospective …

The Mirror Effect, The Law Of Attraction, And "Points Of Attraction" That Can Nurture The Evolution Of Human Consciousness, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

This message has several purposes. First, I want to express my immense joy that Chip Baggett and I are serving as Co-Presidents of AHP since August 16, 2009. In my view, Chip and I are long-time friends, who have a transcendent connection and synergistic energies. My desire and intent is for our co-presidency to mirror the effect(s) of synergistic collaboration as a “point of attraction” that can assist in the evolution of human consciousness across often “perceived personal and societal boundaries” (e.g., race, culture, ethnicity, class, individual and collective belief systems, and dogma). More generally, however, this message is intended …